Reverendissimo in Christo [patri] et domino, domino Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioanni DantiscoIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ episcopo Culmensi, domino suo gratioso et observando

Reverendissime Praesul, domine observandissime. Post debitam mei commendationem.

Cum Vestra Reverendissima Dominatio mihi suo mandato cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 1532-07-16, CIDTC IDL 6253⌊iniunxissetcf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 1532-07-16, CIDTC IDL 6253⌋, ut gratias agerem domino Rudolf von Höhenfeld (†after 1532-08-31), from a Lower Austrian noble family, probably the same Rudolf von Höhenfeld who was in Maximilian I’s service at least since 1497 and who was the administrator Pfleger in Waidhofen an der Thaya (in Lower Austria, northwest of Vienna) on his behalf at least since 1504. Southwest of Waidhofen lies Kirchberg am Walde – the residence of the Höhenfelds (1483-1555). He was probably the same Rudolf von Höhenfeld who was married, since ca. 1508, to Helena von Stubenberg, daughter of Wolfgang, and who was an assessor of Charles V in 1520, and as a member of the private council of Ferdinand I was in Vienna under the Turkish siege in 1529 (HERBERSTEIN 1855, p. p. 163, 232)⌊Rudolpho de HöhnfeldRudolf von Höhenfeld (†after 1532-08-31), from a Lower Austrian noble family, probably the same Rudolf von Höhenfeld who was in Maximilian I’s service at least since 1497 and who was the administrator Pfleger in Waidhofen an der Thaya (in Lower Austria, northwest of Vienna) on his behalf at least since 1504. Southwest of Waidhofen lies Kirchberg am Walde – the residence of the Höhenfelds (1483-1555). He was probably the same Rudolf von Höhenfeld who was married, since ca. 1508, to Helena von Stubenberg, daughter of Wolfgang, and who was an assessor of Charles V in 1520, and as a member of the private council of Ferdinand I was in Vienna under the Turkish siege in 1529 (HERBERSTEIN 1855, p. p. 163, 232)⌋, quia recepisset eam in domum suam etc. sollicitaremque, ut canem illum Anglicum deperditum acquireret[1], feci utrumque. Et primum quidem antequam haberem cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 1532-07-16, CIDTC IDL 6253⌊litterascf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 1532-07-16, CIDTC IDL 6253⌋ Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis, quia cum ipse hanc receptionem mihi narrabat, dixi illi in hominem gratum beneficium hoc contulisse, cum denique litterae illae mihi praesentatae et in praesentia sua eas legi. De cane autem ego egi, quae potui, et hospes ille diu dubitabat, an mihi illum mitteret, cum haberet a Vestra Reverendissima Dominatione in mandatis domino Rudolpho praesentare. Quem tamen antea miserat usque Olomouc (Olmütz, Olomuncium), city in Moravia, on the Morava river, from 1063 an episcopal see, today in the Czech Republic⌊OlomunciumOlomouc (Olmütz, Olomuncium), city in Moravia, on the Morava river, from 1063 an episcopal see, today in the Czech Republic⌋ post Vestram Reverendissimam Dominationem proprio nuntio, ut ipse asserit. Atque ita vicesima praesentis mensis missus est ille canis. Quem Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi praesenti nuntio mitto supplicando, ut hanc moram meae negligentiae non imputet, sum enim cupidissimus Vestrae Reverendissimae in omnibus obsequi, nollem etiam ingratus notari[2].

Quae[3] autem apud nos aguntur, nollem quoque Vestram Reverendissimam Dominationem latere. Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcusSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ Güns (Köszeg, Guncium), town and fortress in northwestern Hungary on the border with Austria⌊GunciumGüns (Köszeg, Guncium), town and fortress in northwestern Hungary on the border with Austria⌋ obsidet quasi decem octo diebus[4], ignobile oppidum, nec causam possumus scire, cur suam potentiam illuc converterit; est quidem unum ex oppidis, quod Frederick III of Habsburg (*1415 – †1493), 1440 King of the Romans, 1452-1493 Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation⌊Fridericus Imperator TertiusFrederick III of Habsburg (*1415 – †1493), 1440 King of the Romans, 1452-1493 Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation⌋ ex manibus praedonum[5] Austria⌊AustriamAustria⌋ devastantium eripuerat[6] et intra fines Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaeHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ hodie situm est. Forte ob commeatum illic inductum et exercitus suus fame premitur, utique ante biduum non potiebatur illo. Praeest illi strenuus eques Nikola Jurišić (Jurisics, Jurischitsch) (*ca. 1490 – †1545)⌊Nicolaus Iurasitz CroatusNikola Jurišić (Jurisics, Jurischitsch) (*ca. 1490 – †1545)⌋, qui ante paucos annos oratorem apud Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcumSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ agebat[7].

Nos illic obsidionem expectabamus et videmus frustra, provisi omnibus ferme necessariis. Forte ob id consilium mutavit, et cum falsus sit, sperans omnem Christianitatem in discordia et imperium ac Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniamGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ in tumultu offensurum.

Illustrissimus dux Friedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌊Fridericus comes palatinus RheniFriedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌋[8] vicesima praesentis venit usque Korneuburg (Khärneuburg), town on the left bank of the Danube, about 10 km northwest of Vienna⌊KhärneuburgKorneuburg (Khärneuburg), town on the left bank of the Danube, about 10 km northwest of Vienna⌋ oppidum duobus miliaribus ab hinc. Quem die sequenti suscepimus – ipse heri huc venit et rediit. Meo iudicio omnes copias imperii[9] nunc in utraque Austria⌊AustriaAustria⌋[10] esse. Coniungemus nostros exercitus, usque Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ copiae venient, quae et paucis diebus venturae sunt[11]. Tandem exsequemur voluntatem Dei nostri.

Dominus Pedro de la Cueva y Velasco (*1482/1492 – †1546), grand master of the Military Order of Alcántara, chief steward to Charles V, soldier in his service (before 1523). In 1530, imperial envoy to pope Clement VII on the matter of calling a general council. In April 1532, he was one of the emperor’s envoys to the Hungarian estates on the matter of organizing a defense against the Turks, and in late October of the same year he was again sent as an envoy to the pope (KENISTON, p. 138-139, 174; FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 1975, p. 92; FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2002, p. 433-434, 666; AT 14, No. 196, p. 311-312; KF 3, No. 636, p. 550-554, footnote 6, No. 639, p. 558, No. 666, p. 632, 633-634, footnote 3; SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1, p.109-110; SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1, p. 67, 89)⌊Petrus de la CuevaPedro de la Cueva y Velasco (*1482/1492 – †1546), grand master of the Military Order of Alcántara, chief steward to Charles V, soldier in his service (before 1523). In 1530, imperial envoy to pope Clement VII on the matter of calling a general council. In April 1532, he was one of the emperor’s envoys to the Hungarian estates on the matter of organizing a defense against the Turks, and in late October of the same year he was again sent as an envoy to the pope (KENISTON, p. 138-139, 174; FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 1975, p. 92; FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2002, p. 433-434, 666; AT 14, No. 196, p. 311-312; KF 3, No. 636, p. 550-554, footnote 6, No. 639, p. 558, No. 666, p. 632, 633-634, footnote 3; SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1, p.109-110; SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1, p. 67, 89)⌋, commendator vel granmaestro sui ordinis et magister curiae caesareae, orator una cum duce advenit. Pro certo refert dominum Andrea Doria (Andrea Auria, Andrea D' Oria) (*1466 – †1560), Italian condottiere and a famous seaman in the service of Genoa; 1512-1522 commander of the Genoan fleet, in 1522 he entered the service of Francis I of Valois, King of France, as a captain-general at sea; in 1526 (after the Battle of Pavia) he became commander of the League of Cognac's fleet; from 1528 imperial Chief Admiral on the Mediterranean, from 1531 Duke of Melfi, and from 1555 Censor of Genoa (actually a Genoan administrator) (JURIEN de la GRAVIÈRE, p. 203-205; CURREY, p. 87-98)⌊Andream de OrioAndrea Doria (Andrea Auria, Andrea D' Oria) (*1466 – †1560), Italian condottiere and a famous seaman in the service of Genoa; 1512-1522 commander of the Genoan fleet, in 1522 he entered the service of Francis I of Valois, King of France, as a captain-general at sea; in 1526 (after the Battle of Pavia) he became commander of the League of Cognac's fleet; from 1528 imperial Chief Admiral on the Mediterranean, from 1531 Duke of Melfi, and from 1555 Censor of Genoa (actually a Genoan administrator) (JURIEN de la GRAVIÈRE, p. 203-205; CURREY, p. 87-98)⌋[13] caesarea classe Constantinople (Istanbul, Constantinopolis), city and capital of the Ottoman Empire, today in western Turkey⌊BisantiumConstantinople (Istanbul, Constantinopolis), city and capital of the Ottoman Empire, today in western Turkey⌋ versus navigasse. Quae omnia Omnipotens dirigat sua gratia, Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi det sanitatem et omnem felicitatem. Quae me sua solita gratia prosequatur.

Datum Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaeVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, XXII Augusti anno Domini 1532.

Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis deditissimus Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊Sigismundus ab HerberstainSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋, liber.

[1 ] Cf. letter cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 1532-07-16, CIDTC IDL 6253⌊IDL 6253cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 1532-07-16, CIDTC IDL 6253⌋, cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1532-08-05, CIDTC IDL 813⌊IDL 813cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1532-08-05, CIDTC IDL 813⌋, cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN Cracow, 1532-09-03, CIDTC IDL 827⌊IDL 827cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN Cracow, 1532-09-03, CIDTC IDL 827⌋

[3 ] From this place to sua gratia (i.e. the entire novitates) the text is underlined in a different colored ink, originally perhaps red

[2 ] In his letters to Dantiscus Herberstein several times uses the imperfect conjunctive nollem in the sense I don’t want (without any connotation of the irrealis), which can be explained by the influence of vernacular languages

[4 ] The Turkish army corps, 80,000 or maybe even 140,000 strong, which marched towards Vienna under the command of Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha, in the end did not dare attack Vienna, nor Wiener Neustadt which also had strong defenses. After some offensive-defensive operations by the approx. 700 soldiers of the small Güns garrison, on August 10 the Turks began a regular siege upon orders from Suleiman I, which tied up the Turkish forces for three weeks. After a relentless defense, on August 28 Nikola Jurišić surrendered Güns to Suleiman I, who left it under Jurišić’s rule ( cf. AT 14 No. 362, p. 556, No. 451, p. 681-682, 684, footnote 3, 4, cf. No. 428, p. 639, No. 432, p. 644-645, No. 450, p. 679, No. 461, p. 703-704 ⌊AT, XIV, No. 362, p. 556, No. 451, p. 681-682, 684, footnote 3, 4, cf. No. 428, p. 639, No. 432, p. 644-645, No. 450, p. 679, No. 461, p. 703-704cf. AT 14 No. 362, p. 556, No. 451, p. 681-682, 684, footnote 3, 4, cf. No. 428, p. 639, No. 432, p. 644-645, No. 450, p. 679, No. 461, p. 703-704 ⌋; cf. KF 3 No. 657, p. 612-613, footnote 4 ⌊KF, III, No. 657, p. 612-613, footnote 4cf. KF 3 No. 657, p. 612-613, footnote 4 ⌋; cf. HERBERSTEIN 1560 f. D3r ⌊Herberstein 1560, f. D3rcf. HERBERSTEIN 1560 f. D3r ⌋; cf. SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1 p. 112-117 ⌊Sepúlveda, II, p. 112-117cf. SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1 p. 112-117 ⌋; Hammer-Purgstall, III, p. 110-114; Clot, p. 83-85; cf. DZIUBIŃSKI p. 88-89 ⌊Dziubiński, p. 88-89cf. DZIUBIŃSKI p. 88-89 ⌋; cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 156 ⌊Pociecha, IV, p. 156cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 156 ⌋, cf. cf. KOHLER 1999 p. 221-222 ⌊Kohler I, p. 221-222cf. KOHLER 1999 p. 221-222 ⌋; cf. KOHLER 2003 p. 216-217 ⌊Kohler II, p. 216-217cf. KOHLER 2003 p. 216-217 ⌋)

[5 ] Herberstein is referring to Hungary, or in fact to Mátyás Corvinus, king of Hungary (1458-1490), who – during the war over Lower Austria – took Güns (Köszeg) in 1483, which had been taken in 1445 by Emperor Frederick III von Habsburg after the death of Vladislav I Jagiellon, king of Hungary (1440-1444).

[6 ] Güns (Köszeg) was one of the towns and castles that were the subject of border conflicts between the empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. After the death of Vladislav I Jagiellon, king of Hungary (1440-1444), in 1445 it was taken by Emperor Frederick III. During the war over Lower Austria, Mátyás Corvinus, king of Hungary (1458-1490) took Güns in 1483, and after his death it was re-taken on behalf of Emperor Frederick III by king of the Romans Maximilian I (1490) (see Wiesflecker, I, p. 290, 303)

[7 ] Most likely a reference to the mission to Constantinople on behalf of Ferdinand I, which Jurišić completed as the companion of Joseph von Lamberg from October to December 1530. The chronicler of Charles V, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, notes that Ibrahim Pasha knew Jurišić as an envoy, which could have facilitated the negotiations on the surrender of Güns ( cf. SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1 p. 113, 115 ⌊Sepúlveda, II, p. 113, 115cf. SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1 p. 113, 115 ⌋; cf. DZIUBIŃSKI p. 80 ⌊Dziubiński, p. 80cf. DZIUBIŃSKI p. 80 ⌋; cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 85-86 ⌊Pociecha, IV, p. 85-86cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 85-86 ⌋)

[8 ] Dantiscus met Friedrich II during the diet in Augsburg in 1530 in connection with the matter of Ducal Prussia’s status (cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Poznań (Posen), 1530-10-08, CIDTC IDL 1045⌊IDL 1045cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Poznań (Posen), 1530-10-08, CIDTC IDL 1045⌋, footnote 1). In June 1531 in Cracow (see letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Klamm, 1531-08-10, CIDTC IDL 667⌊IDL 667cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Klamm, 1531-08-10, CIDTC IDL 667⌋, footnote 4!!!), Herberstein presented a plan for Friedrich’s marriage with Polish princess Jadwiga Jagiellon, by which the Habsburgs wanted to reward him. Dantiscus held talks with him on this marriage (which ultimately did not come about) from 1531, and hosted him at his home during the diet in Regensburg in 1532. In later years (from 1545), he supported and introduced Reformation forms of worship, which led the emperor to exile him (1546) (see cf. AT 14 No. 32, p. 70-72, No. 42, p. 82-83, No. 113, p. 181-182, No. 154, p. 239, No. 182, p. 280, No. 191, p. 292-295, No. 195, p. 309, No. 202, p. 320 ⌊AT, XIV, No. 32, p. 70-72, No. 42, p. 82-83, No. 113, p. 181-182, No. 154, p. 239, No. 182, p. 280, No. 191, p. 292-295, No. 195, p. 309, No. 202, p. 320cf. AT 14 No. 32, p. 70-72, No. 42, p. 82-83, No. 113, p. 181-182, No. 154, p. 239, No. 182, p. 280, No. 191, p. 292-295, No. 195, p. 309, No. 202, p. 320 ⌋; cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 119, 145, 152-153, 159, 244, 262-263, 281-282 ⌊Pociecha, IV, p. 119, 145, 152-153, 159, 244, 262-263, 281-282cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 119, 145, 152-153, 159, 244, 262-263, 281-282 ⌋)

[9 ] According to present-day estimates, the imperial forces gathering and moving towards Vienna in August and September (including Spanish and Belgian forces) numbered about 100,000-120,000. Charles V’s chronicler, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, speaks of over 120,000, while Stanisław Górski mentions about 140,000, and he also states that Suleiman I’s forces (today estimated at about 200,000) numbered 500,000 (see cf. FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2002 p. 451-457 ⌊Fernández Álvarez 2002, p. 451-457cf. FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2002 p. 451-457 ⌋; Kohler I, p. 221; Kohler II, p. 216-217; cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 144-145, 155, 157 ⌊Pociecha, IV, p. 144-145, 155, 157cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 144-145, 155, 157 ⌋; cf. AT 14 No. 362, p. 556; 452, p. 684-685, cf. No. 379, p. 572-574 ⌊AT, XIV, No. 362, p. 556; 452, p. 684-685, cf. No. 379, p. 572-574cf. AT 14 No. 362, p. 556; 452, p. 684-685, cf. No. 379, p. 572-574 ⌋; cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Regensburg, 1532-08-08, CIDTC IDL 4853⌊letter of Cornelis De Schepper to Ioannes Dantiscus(?), August 8, 1532, copy GStAPK, HBA H, K. 760, IV. 11. 18cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Regensburg, 1532-08-08, CIDTC IDL 4853⌋; cf. SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1 p. 109 ⌊Sepúlveda, II, p. 109cf. SEPÚLVEDA 1995 1 p. 109 ⌋, cf. cf. HERBERSTEIN 1855 p. 300 ⌊Herberstein 1855, p. 300cf. HERBERSTEIN 1855 p. 300 ⌋)

[10 ] A reference to Lower Austria with Vienna and Upper Austria, lying to the west, with its capital in Linz

[11 ] From February 29 to September 1, 1532 Emperor Charles V was in Regensburg, and only set off to join the gathered forces on September 2; traveling through Passau and Linz, he ceremonially rode into Vienna on September 23, when Suleiman I was already in retreat (see Cadenas y Vicent, p. 225-226; cf. FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2002 p. 451-457 ⌊Fernández Álvarez 2002, p. 451-457cf. FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2002 p. 451-457 ⌋; cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 156-157 ⌊Pociecha, IV, p. 156-157cf. POCIECHA 4 p. 156-157 ⌋; see also cf. AT 14 No. 420, p. 630, No. 428, p. 639, cf. No. 432, p. 644-645, No. 461, p. 703-706, No. 466, p. 716 ⌊AT, XIV, No. 420, p. 630, No. 428, p. 639, cf. No. 432, p. 644-645, No. 461, p. 703-706, No. 466, p. 716cf. AT 14 No. 420, p. 630, No. 428, p. 639, cf. No. 432, p. 644-645, No. 461, p. 703-706, No. 466, p. 716 ⌋)

[13 ] In 1522 Andrea Doria joined the service of Francis I, and after the battle of Pavia – the service of pope Clement VII, and became the commander of the League of Cognac’s fleet. He later returned to the service of Francis I, but in 1528, at the price of the restitution of the Genoan Republic, he returned to the service of Charles V and was active as his chief admiral on the Mediterranean and actual administrator of Genua (officially censor) until 1555. In 1532 Doria received from the emperor the title of duke of Melfi as well as orders to prepare the fleet in view of Turkey’s growing sea forces. The news about Doria’s fleet, armed for battle at sea and on land, setting off for Epirus to halt the Turkish forces there, also reached Dantiscus from Alfonso de Valdes writing from Regensburg on August 8. Doria’s operations on the coast of Greece were meant to hasten the Turks’ withdrawal from Austria and Hungary. After taking Patras on the Gulf of Corinth and Corone (Koróni) on the Messenian Gulf, Doria was called back to Italy (see cf. JURIEN de la GRAVIÈRE p. 203-205 ⌊Gravière, p. 203-205cf. JURIEN de la GRAVIÈRE p. 203-205 ⌋; cf. AT 14 No. 93, p. 154-155, No. 141, p. 223, No. 379, p. 573, No. 416, p. 571-572, No. 452, p. 685, No. 462, p. 707, No. 470, p. 723, No. 528, p. 807, No. 549, p. 839 ⌊AT, XIV, No. 93, p. 154-155, No. 141, p. 223, No. 379, p. 573, No. 416, p. 571-572, No. 452, p. 685, No. 462, p. 707, No. 470, p. 723, No. 528, p. 807, No. 549, p. 839cf. AT 14 No. 93, p. 154-155, No. 141, p. 223, No. 379, p. 573, No. 416, p. 571-572, No. 452, p. 685, No. 462, p. 707, No. 470, p. 723, No. 528, p. 807, No. 549, p. 839 ⌋)