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Fur(stliche)r D(urchlauch)t etc. in Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊Preussen(n)Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋, meinem(m) hochgeliebt(e)m h(e)rn unn(n)d freunde

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Durchlauchter(r), hochgeborner(r) furst, hochgeliebter(r), gunstiger(r) her(r) und freundt. / Noch erbittung meyner(r) fruntlichn, willigen dienst / wunsche ich E(wer) F(urstlichen) D(urchlauch)t ein glukseliges newjor(r) von Gote dem almechtigen(n) / und vil andere in götlicher(r) gnod(en), biss uff Methusalem ⌊Matusalem(m)Methusalem ⌋ zceite, zuvorann(n) etc.

Wie ich her komen(n) bin, / hab ich hie gefunden E(wer) D(urchlauch)t diner, den edlen(n) Felix von Allen (Felix von Alden, Feliks Mełdzyński, Felix Stang, Felix von Malden) (†ca. 1576), Prussian nobleman in the service of Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern; 1529, 1530, 1533, 1536, 1538 ducal envoy to King Sigismund I Jagiellon and, in 1537, to the Crown Diet at Piotrków; 1545-1551(?) Vice-Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno); 1551 alderman of Kulm; 1551-1575 Sword-Bearer of Kulm (SZYMANIAK 1992, p. 55-56; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 221)⌊Felix von Alden(n)Felix von Allen (Felix von Alden, Feliks Mełdzyński, Felix Stang, Felix von Malden) (†ca. 1576), Prussian nobleman in the service of Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern; 1529, 1530, 1533, 1536, 1538 ducal envoy to King Sigismund I Jagiellon and, in 1537, to the Crown Diet at Piotrków; 1545-1551(?) Vice-Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno); 1551 alderman of Kulm; 1551-1575 Sword-Bearer of Kulm (SZYMANIAK 1992, p. 55-56; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 221)⌋, / denn(n) ich gern(n) / aus solchem(m) langen(n) wege, / den er in E(wer) D(urchlauch)t dienst vorbrocht, / in gutter(r) gesuntheit gesehen hab. / Und so er aus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊kay(serliche)r m(aieste)tCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ hove so an mich von gutten(n) h(e)rn und frunden(n) vorschribenn(n) ist, / als der sich in E(wer) D(urchlauch)t dienst erlich, / fleissig / und wol gehalten(n), / hab ich in ane meyner(r) eigenen(n) hanth schreiben(n) an E(wer) D(urchlauch)t nicht mocht von mir lossen(n). / Dieweil ich ouch in frembden h(e)rn und freunden / von E(wer) D(urchlauch)t wegen / durch mein schreiben(n) befholen(n), / wil sichs wol czymen(n), in ouch E(wer) D(urchlauch)t zu befhelen(n), / nemlich so er noch seinem(m) vermugen(n) E(wer) D(urchlauch)t uffrichtig und getreulich / in sochen fernen wegen(n) / gedint, / bittend in solcher dienst wold lossen(n) genissen(n) / unn(n)d uff disse meine superinscribed in place of crossed-out unser⌈unser meine meine superinscribed in place of crossed-out unser⌉ vorschrifft / sein gnedig(e)r h(e)r wol sein(n), / das ich um(m)b E(wer) D(urchlauch)t alweg zuvorschulden(n) pflichtig wil sein(n) / und mich hie written over n⌈nee written over n⌉mit in E(wer) D(urchlauch)t, / die Goth der almechtig in langweriger gesuntheit und aller glukseligheit beware, / thu befhelen(n). /

Dat(um) aus meinem(m) hove Ploweise (Płowęż), village in northern Poland, Kulm Land, near Rheden, 62 km NE of Thorn, from 1516 estate of the Kulm bishops⌊PloweisePloweise (Płowęż), village in northern Poland, Kulm Land, near Rheden, 62 km NE of Thorn, from 1516 estate of the Kulm bishops⌋, / den V tag Ianuarii M D XXXV.

Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊IoannesIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋, colmisch(e)r bischuff etc. mit eigener hanth