CIDT&C Corpus of Ioannes Dantiscus' Texts & Correspondence

Letter #2334

Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Vienna, 1540-08-18

English register: De Schepper describes his mission to Hungary [to King John Zápolya], which was entrusted to him by Emperor Charles and King Ferdinand. He travelled through deserted Vienna and then via Buda and Eger to Gyulafehérvár, where he obtained an audience with King John [Zápolya] with the help of the sympathetic Archbishop of Kalocsa and Bishop of Eger, Franjo Frankopan. Earlier, he received some unfriendly treatment from the castellan of Buda, zupan of Nógrád County István Ráskai. On the way back from Gyulafehérvár, De Schepper fell seriously ill. He was treated in Eger, remaining in the care of Frankopan, who has heard of Dantiscus. De Schepper sees a physical and intellectual similarity between Frankopan and Dantiscus. It is only upon his return to Vienna that De Schepper is replying to Dantiscus’ letter of 22 February [IDL 6839 (letter lost)], which he received back in Ghent, just before departing for Hungary.

He explains his reasons for neglecting the correspondence. He does not treat seriously Dantiscus’ excuses for not attending the Imperial Diet on religious issues. In fact he declares he is willing to face Dantiscus’ displeasure with the hardships of his journey as long as he can see him with his own eyes at this opportunity. He states his belief that religious problems should be resolved by people of Dantiscus’ stature and not by quarrelsome egotists guided solely by their own interests. He complains of a lack of good will and an aversion to change both among the princes who dispossessed the clergy and among the clergymen of the Roman Church themselves. He states that he lost hope that Dantiscus would come when (a month before his departure for Hungary) the Polish envoy [Jan Ocieski] appeared at the court. In his view, this envoy is a man familiar with and experienced in diplomacy, but there is little he can contribute to the matter of the church’s internal reform. De Schepper intended to go to Poland at the time but was discouraged by the news that the King [Sigismund I] was in Lithuania and that Dantiscus was absent from the court.

Earlier De Schepper outlined the situation in the Low Countries. Now he presents the consequences of those events [i.e. the Revolt of Ghent in 1539]. He describes in detail the harsh punishment suffered by the town and its residents. He is pleased that the Emperor put an end to the “stupid liberty” (stulta libertas) of the people of Ghent. Similar popular uprisings also occurred in the smaller towns in Flanders, as in Ninove, and the turmoil spread also eleswhere in the Netherlands, e.g. in Antwerp and Brussels — so the Emperor imposed fines on them.

De Schepper describes the circumstances of Georg Schenck van Tautenburg’s sudden death. Also deceased is the Count of Hoogstraten [Antoine I de Lalaing], extolled in songs but mourned much less than Schenck. The new governor of Friesland is Dantiscus’ friend Maximiliaan van Egmond. De Schepper briefly outlines his person and his current activity. He tried to make Godschalk [Ericksen] governor of Groningen but Queen Mary prefers to use Godschalk’s services in Hungary. There is no telling who will be the governor of Holland; the Lord of Beveren [Adolf of Burgundy] is vying for the office.

De Schepper showed Dantiscus’ letter to the Lord ofe Beveren and Maximiliaan van Egmond; as for other acquaintances and friends, namely Margrave [Antoon] van Bergen, Frédéric de Melun, the Lord of Heulle and van der Gracht, he told them all the news about Dantiscus and conveyed his greetings. De Schepper reproaches Dantiscus for the fact that despite claiming that he very much desires to see his friends, he refuses to undertake the hardships of travel. On the other hand, he understands that Dantiscus’ earlier activity has earned him some rest. He himself, despite approaching old age, cannot enjoy a peaceful life because he keeps being given new duties. He complains about the bad times and the personalities of rulers, comparing some of them to ancient tyrants: Herod, Nero and Domitian.

De Schepper reports fresh news about the death of King John [Zápolya] of Hungary and the Archbishop of Trier [Johann von Metzenhausen], and also about the marriages of the King of England [Henry VIII Tudor]. He mentions the bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse [Philip].

De Schepper attributes the King of England’s depraved behaviour to the Lutherans’ instigation as they seek support against the Emperor. He laments the godlessness and licentiousness of his contemporaries. He has read and puts high value on Paraenesis [i.e. Carmen paraeneticum ad Constantem Alliopagum], published by Dantiscus and targeted at precisely this kind of behaviour. He calls for prayer for the godless Christian rulers. He polemicises with the false accusations against King Ferdinand published in Germany. He fears that even worse slander could emerge in more distant lands – Spain, Italy or Sicily.

De Schepper once again mentions the marriage of [Diego] Gracián [de Alderete] to Dantiscus’ daughter Juana. He previously did so because Gracián asked him to, having shown him the letter he received from Dantiscus. He outlines Gracián’s motives. He underlines his integrity and other spiritual virtues. He is critical of Dantiscus’ doubts as to Isabel Delgada’s fidelity and therefore his paternity of Juana, especially since Juana looks very much like Dantiscus. De Schepper strongly denies that he had an affair with Isabel. He intercedes for Gracián. He does not know the details of his current situation at the Spanish court; he only knows that he used to be the secretary of the deceased Empress Isabella.

De Schepper denies the rumours concerning his alleged disagreement with the Archbishop of Lund [Johan Weze]. Meanwhile, Weze did have a wrangle with Mathias Held.

De Schepper reports that none of the distinguished officials are left at the Imperial Chancellery. Though the Archbishop of Palermo [Jean Carondelet] is still alive, he is deaf and half-blind. All matters related to Italy, Spain, France and Germany are being controlled with great effort by [Nicolas Perrenot] de Granvelle. De Schepper would like the effects of his efforts to be equally great.

De Schepper notes that, in Poland also, great men, after their death (of which Dantiscus informed him), have been replaced with lesser men, and the King [Sigismund I] can only rely on his own authority. He expresses fear as to whether the young king [Sigismund II Augustus], though extremely well educated and wealthy, will be able to handle future challenges. He raises the issue of the Turkish threat and notes the necessity of putting one’s life on the line in this fight.

De Schepper is horrified at the general tendency towards decline, expressed in a shortage of outstanding and at the same time experienced individuals, the impudence of youngsters, the growing wealth of private persons and the misery of public finance. There is no one who is able to take over public affairs or command of the troops. It is similar in Hungary, in Germany, in the Low Countries, in Italy and in Spain.

De Schepper appeals to Dantiscus to strive to mobilise the elite of the Kingdom of Poland against the threat. He informs him of King Ferdinand’s plan to send Wolfgang Prantner on a mission to the rulers of Poland to call upon them to refrain from unfair interventions on the Hungarian issue and to assure them that Ferdinand wants to keep the peace treaty concluded with the deceased King John [Zápolya] in force and to preserve the rights of his son [John Sigismund]. This means, however, that he expects his own rights to be respected, too. Prantner received similar instructions with regard to the Hungarian lords. Meanwhile, military preparations are underway in case the Turks try to meddle in the dispute over Hungary. It is also a known fact that some Hungarians are not against surrendering to Turkish rule. De Schepper conveys greetings from Prantner. The latter wanted to travel via Prussia but this proved impossible.

De Schepper consoles Dantiscus in his grief over his mother’s death, digressing on the futility of life and financial matters. He notes the inadequacy of his pay in view of the work he does and the effort he puts in, but does not complain about his lot, commending himself to divine mercy. He mentions with respect the views of Mercurino Gattinara regarding gifts from rulers.

He agrees with Dantiscus’ opinion of Philipp Melanchthon’s books on the dignity of the church and the duties of rulers. He is pleased with the news that Lutheranism is weakening in Prussia. He hopes not only the robes but also the spirit of the clergy is restored there. He underlines that the example has to come from the top.

De Schepper reports that he has been in Vienna for a month. He conveys greetings from Sigmund von Herberstein, with whom he enjoys spending time, and news of Count [Leonard] Nogarola, Jiři Žabka, Georg von Logschau, Wolfgang Haller, Miklos Oláh’s mission to Hungary, and of the second marriage of Wilhelm von Rogendorf’s son [Christoph].

De Schepper repeats news he received in a letter from his wife [Elisabeth Donche]: Marcus Laurinus is well. De Schepper’s sister-in-law Joanna [Donche] died in childbirth. Lieven [Algoet] has been appointed herald of the Emperor and is working at the Imperial Chancellery. Adolphus de Scornaco is content with his situation. Gemma [Frisius] is working as a physician in Louvain. Conrad Goclenius died of the plague. Rutgerus Rescius is still teaching and runs a printing house. Dantiscus’ Brussels host sold his house but is unable to collect the payment. De Schepper’s wife and children are well. The Archbishop of Lund [Johan Weze] has gone to Lübeck. Mathias Held has left the imperial court for good and has settled near Strasbourg.

Once Hieronim Łaski arrives from PolandDe Schepper will be able to return to Brussels, where he expects to meet the Emperor. Łaski is to go on a mission to the Sultan on King Ferdinand’s behalf. That notwithstanding, Ferdinand plans to enter Hungary before the Sultan seizes it.

De Schepper expects that after some preliminary discussion, religious matters will be the subject of the Imperial Diet, probably in the Emperor’s presence. The Emperor’s participation in the Diet is possible thanks to a 10-year truce with France that was concluded with De Schepper’s involvement. The Duchy of Milan is still a bone of contention.

De Schepper reports on King Ferdinand’s endowments for Hieronim Łaski in Slavonia and on the detailed route of Łaski’s planned mission to the Sultan. Additionally, King John [Zápolya] before his death sent Brother George [Utješenović] there, but the latter withdrew upon receiving news of his patron’s illness, sending István Werbőczy instead, who was later joined by János Eszéki, Bishop of Pecs. They have great gifts for the Sultan but dare not cross the Turkish border.

De Schepper sends news from England on why Thomas Cromwell was imprisoned and sentenced to death. He reports that Eustace Chapuys, whom Dantiscus knew from Granada and Burgos, and whom the Chancellor [Mercurino Gattinara] called Vulpecula, has been in England for 11 years as the Emperor’s envoy.

De Schepper returns to Turkish affairs: for some time rumours have circulated about the Sultan’s death. Barbarossa is hated in Constantinople by the other pashas for his constant drive for war. His defect as a military commander is that he is deaf. The truce with the Turks expires late in the month.

De Schepper conveys news from Spain: Ferrante Gonzaga is Viceroy of Sicily, and the Margrave of Villafranca [Pedro Alvarez de Toledo] is Viceroy of Naples. The Emperor granted Francisco de los Cobos the title of Duke of Sabiote. The former Bishop of Osma [Juan García de Loaysa y Mendoza] is now Archbishop of Seville, and Georg of Austria is Archbishop of Valencia. The son of [Nicolas Perrenot de] Granvelle, Antoine, an excellently educated man with perfect manners, has been appointed Bishop of Arras. Granvelle has eleven living children. Dantiscus’ former servant Petrus [Mirabilis de Monteregale] is currently in his service. Ever since Mathias Held left, Latin and German matters at the Imperial Chancellery have been handled by just one secretary: Johannes Obernburger.

De Schepper intends to spend the winter at home or at Queen Mary’s court, so he suggests that Dantiscus send his reply via Antwerp or Augsburg to the court in Flanders. He extends greetings to Dantiscus’ brothers and sisters. He apologises for his chaotic letter; he did not have time to rewrite it.

received Graudenz (Grudziądz), 1540-10-05

Manuscript sources:

1	fair copy in Latin, autograph, AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 3-12
2	register with excerpt in Latin, Polish, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8243 (TK 5), a. 1540, f. 25r-26v
3	register with excerpt in Latin, English, 20th-century, CBKUL, R.III, 31, No. 420, 2

Auxiliary sources:

1	register in German, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8249 (TK 11), f. 251

Prints:

1	DE VOCHT 1961 No. DE, 417, p. 316, 326-30 (English register; excerpt)
2	CEID 2/2 (Letter No. 73) p. 405-432 (in extenso; English register)

Text & apparatus & commentary Plain text Text & commentary Text & apparatus

AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 12v

Reverendissimo in Christo Patri et Domino, domino Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioanni DantiscoIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ episcopo Varmiensi etc., Domino et Patri ex animo honorandissimo et observandissimo

AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 3r

Reverendissime Praesul orig. Presul⌈PraesulPraesul orig. Presul⌉, Domine et Pater ex animo honorandissime et observandissime.

Salutem.

Iam destinatus eram in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ ad John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊Ioannem regemJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ Ghent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌊GandaviGhent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌋ redditae sunt mihi cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌊litteraecf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌋ tuae de vicesima secunda Februarii. Proinde existimavi me cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌊illiscf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌋ commodissime respondere posse, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ Austria⌊AustriaeAustria⌋ essem perventurus, quod et iter mihi per postas faciendum esset, et exinde cotidie orig. quottidie⌈cotidiecotidie orig. quottidie⌉ tabelliones ad manum essent, qui Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviamCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋ proficiscerentur. Accessit, quod animus circa longinquam profectionem occupatus et a multis in varias districtus partes haud sane habilis fuit ad officium scribendi neque deerat adversa valetudo, quae tamen excusare me non potuit apud caesares nostros Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊CarolumCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊FerdinandumFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋, quominus acceptarem eam provinciam magno cum dolore amicorum meorum, quibus caesare Karolo apud nos versante potuissem operam meam accommodare, ut taceam interim, quod magno cum dispendio rei privatae absentia mea a domo est superinscribed⌈estest superinscribed⌉ propter munera publica, quibus incumbo. Sed haec ita esse, ut sinam.

Cum orig. Quum⌈CumCum orig. Quum⌉ venissem Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, inveni magnam solitudinem in aula Anna Jagiellon (*1503 – †1547), Queen of Bohemia (1526-1547), Queen of Hungary (1527-1547), Queen of the Romans (1531-1547); wife of Ferdinand I of Habsburg, daughter of Vladislaus II Jagiellon and Anne de Foix⌊reginalis maiestatisAnna Jagiellon (*1503 – †1547), Queen of Bohemia (1526-1547), Queen of Hungary (1527-1547), Queen of the Romans (1531-1547); wife of Ferdinand I of Habsburg, daughter of Vladislaus II Jagiellon and Anne de Foix⌋. Factores, ut vocant, mercatorum aberant in nundinis Budensibus. Amici alius alio concesserat. Distuli itaque scribere Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaeVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, quod existimarem me Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudaeBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ assecuturum orig. assequuturum⌈assecuturumassecuturum orig. assequuturum⌉ meliorem occasionem, ob id maxime, quod haerendum orig. herendum⌈haerendumhaerendum orig. herendum⌉ ibi foret per dies aliquot, dum John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊Ioannes rexJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋ certior de adventu meo redderetur, qui iam ferebatur transiisse in Transylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌊TranssylvaniamTransylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌋. Ex Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌊StrigonioEsztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌋ vero postquam redditus certior magnificus István Ráskai (Stephanus a Raska), 1542 Zupan of Nógrád County (CIH 1, p. 556???)⌊Stephanus a RaskaIstván Ráskai (Stephanus a Raska), 1542 Zupan of Nógrád County (CIH 1, p. 556???)⌋ comes Newgradiensis, qui Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudaeBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ praeerat, respondit se nullum modum habere aut mandatum de me aut deducendo, aut deduci faciendo ad John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊regem suumJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋ neque videretur cupere, ut Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ concederem, neque spem faceret ullam. Coactus sum cf. Sen. Ben. 4.38.2 Non est turpe cum re mutare consilium ⌊ex re mutare consiliumcf. Sen. Ben. 4.38.2 Non est turpe cum re mutare consilium ⌋ et, ut Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile

Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊principibusCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile

Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ meis obsequerer, aliam inire rationem perficiendi itineris. Quae res me a rescribendo omnino avertit sollicitum anxiumque, quibus modis conceptam de me opinionem industriae aliquantae retinerem.

Commisi me tandem itineri venique Eger (Agria), city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains⌊AgriamEger (Agria), city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains⌋. Eger (Agria), city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains⌊IbiEger (Agria), city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains⌋ exceptus a reverendissimo et illustrissimo domino archiepiscopo Colocensi et Agriensi Franjo Frankopan (Francesco Frangipane) (†1543)⌊Francisco a FrangepanibusFranjo Frankopan (Francesco Frangipane) (†1543)⌋, pridem mihi noto, tantum curae habui, ut ad prae(dic)tum or prae(fa)tum⌈prae(dic)tumprae(dic)tum or prae(fa)tum⌉ serenissimum John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊regem IoannemJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋ deducerer, quod ipsius reverendissimi praesulis beneficio sum assecutus orig. assequutus⌈assecutusassecutus orig. assequutus⌉, qui familiam, currus et cetera ad longum per ignotas regiones iter necessaria mihi adiunxit. Fui apud John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊Ioannem regemJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋ AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 3v in Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Weißenburg, Bălgrad), city in Transylvania, today in Romania⌊Alba IuliaGyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Weißenburg, Bălgrad), city in Transylvania, today in Romania⌋ Transylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌊TranssylvaniaeTransylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌋ diebus decem et novem.

Ab John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊eodemJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋ benigne dimissus incidi in ignotum mihi genus morbi, sed tale, ut omnino de vita actum fuisset, nisi in itinere occurrisset Eger (Agria), city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains⌊AgriaEger (Agria), city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains⌋ velut salutaris portus, ubi per dies decem et septem, ni fallor, decubui, nullo non officii humanitatis et munificentiae genere a prae(dic)to or prae(fa)to⌈prae(dic)toprae(dic)to or prae(fa)to⌉ Franjo Frankopan (Francesco Frangipane) (†1543)⌊reverendissimo praesule orig. presule⌈praesulepraesule orig. presule⌉Franjo Frankopan (Francesco Frangipane) (†1543)⌋ affectus. Qui, inter alia cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ de te incidisset mentio, quem fama notum, vidisse se tamen in Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌊PoloniaPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌋ numquam, aiebat. Serio mihi iniunxit, se ut primis litteris meis tibi commendarem ex animo. Est corpore, moribus, ingenio, animo tui valde similis habetque praeterea communem tecum podagram et chyragram, quibus male torquetur. Hoc tandem valedicto recuperataque utcumque valetudine magnis itineribus veni Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, ubi non est visum iterum elabi sinere occasionem ad te scribendi, quamquam sane neque corpus adhuc neque animus in me satis constant, sed bona spes est, ubi in patriam rediero, redituram item reconvalescentiam. Habes rem, uti est, in qua neque precor neque deprecor excusationem, satis sit vel hoc adhuc potuisse praestare.

Veniam nunc ad cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌊litterascf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌋ tuas. Principio expostulas mecum, quod tamdiu non scrip written over b⌈bpp written over b⌉serim ad te, urgesque verissimis rationibus amoris et benevolentiae erga me tuae non debuisse id genus officii a me omitti orig. obmitti⌈omittiomitti orig. obmitti⌉. Ego tibi omnia elargiar satisque habebo fuisse negligens, etiam si non sim in defendenda causa mea contentiosus et pertinax, modo et hoc tibi persuadeas mihi de reverentia tui deque ea, qua te sum devotione animi prosecutus orig. prosequutus⌈prosecutusprosecutus orig. prosequutus⌉, nihil decessisse.

Subiungis sperare te frustra fore desiderium orig. desyderium⌈desideriumdesiderium orig. desyderium⌉ meum, quo aut cupivi, aut iudicavi or indicavi⌈iudicaviiudicavi or indicavi⌉ ex re esse orbis Christiani, ut mittereris ad Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌊conventum principumImperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌋,[1] qui futurus esset super negotio orig. negocio⌈negotionegotio orig. negocio⌉ religionis, multaque enumeras, vere omnia, de incommoditatibus longinquarum profectionum, quae neutri nostrum ignotae esse possunt. Si successerit, culpam omnem in me v written over t⌈tvv written over t⌉ersurum, ut auctorem orig. autorem⌈auctoremauctorem orig. autorem⌉ inquietudinis tuae. Ego verum orig. vaerum⌈verumverum orig. vaerum⌉ fatebor et haec, et alia a te audire leviter or leniter⌈leviterleviter or leniter⌉ ferrem, si conspicere te adhuc daretur iis oculis corporis. Succenseres, quiritareris, expostulares. Quid ad me? Facilia haec orig. hec⌈haechaec orig. hec⌉ toleratu forent et scio te remissius irasciturum. Ut tamen, quod sentio, dicam superinscribed in place of crossed-out verum fatear⌈verum fatear quod sentio, dicam quod sentio, dicam superinscribed in place of crossed-out verum fatear⌉, semotis affectibus: si quid solidi firmique in causa religionis agi debet orig. daebet⌈debetdebet orig. daebet⌉, id per tui similes agi debebit, alioqui ego de spe cado. Quid enim promovebunt homines suis addicti privatis cupiditatibus, contentiosi, cervi AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 4r cosi, pertinaces, qui periclitari potius universam rempublicam malunt, quam de suis quicquam decedere? Sed mihi, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ ea ad te scriberem, obversabatur ob oculos, quid expediret fieri, quid autem futurum esset, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ plurimum possint nunc ignavia et ignorantia rerum, scire non poteram. Eaque propter arbitrabar fore, ut statim ageretur de pacificando hoc statu, et actum est, sed sine fructu, quemadmodum et in posterum quoque huiusmodi actionum nullus erit fructus, nisi alii adhibeantur homines, quam qualibus hactenus commissa est haec navis, non quod illi viri probi bonique non sint, sed pro talibus non habentur a quamplurimis, et in rebus huiusmodi multum refert, qua quisque opinione laboret.

Principes bona ecclesiastica semel occupata dimittere velle contemnunt superinscribed in place of crossed-out inter taediosa ducunt and then crossed-out⌈inter taediosa ducunt contemnunt adscribed in place of crossed-out velle⌈ velle contemnunt contemnunt adscribed in place of crossed-out velle⌉ velle contemnunt superinscribed in place of crossed-out inter taediosa ducunt and then crossed-out⌉. Rhomanenses solitum mallent quaestum orig. questum⌈quaestumquaestum orig. questum⌉, plerique ecclesiasticorum vitam semel institutam commutare taediosum ducunt. Nonnullis res propter difficultatem omnino omittenda fluviusque suo ut alveo decurrat, permitti debere videtur. Aliis videntur rursum tempori written over e⌈eii written over e⌉ haec condonanda, idem illud tempus opportuna quoque remedia laturum. Praeposteri orig. Preposteri⌈PraeposteriPraeposteri orig. Preposteri⌉ homines, qui non vident plura a tempore mala quam bona invehi labente praesertim semper in deterius mundo, sed ad ignaviam cupiditatemque otii orig. ocii⌈otiiotii orig. ocii⌉ tegendam nullus isto magis opportunus clypeus est, neque ignoti sunt tibi et mihi, qui hoc potissimum dicto, uti oraculo, creverunt apud principes. Quibus et aliis praesentia tui similium, in quibus usus est et experientia rerum, timor Dei et auctoritas orig. autoritas⌈auctoritasauctoritas orig. autoritas⌉ in ecclesia, os obstruere facile posset.

AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 4v

Quod ad The Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌊Germaniae nostrae InferiorisThe Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌋ faciem attinet, ego illam, prout tempora erant tunc, ad te superinscribed⌈tete superinscribed⌉ scripsi, et successus sequentium idem fuit. Plebs enim et nonnulli alioqui non imprudentes viri ex Ghent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌊urbe GandavoGhent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌋ putabant se nihil deliquisse in Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋. Quo factum est, ut venienti ad nos magno numero occurrerint in confinibus atque, ut ad eam urbem quamprimum veniret written over nt⌈nttt written over nt⌉, rogaverint, sed neque praesidium immissum non patienter tulerunt et sine tumultu, quae ibi post acta sunt, gesta sunt omnia. De nonnullis supplicium capitale sumptum, nonnulli proscripti, universa autem civitas damnata est maiestatis. Domus publicae, muri, portae, arma, omnia publicata et maturo iudicio praevio Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesariCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ sunt adiudicata. Duae portae – una, quae Antwerp (Antwerpen, Antverpia), city in the Low Countries, from 1315 a Hanseatic port, in the 16th century the centre of Brabant’s artistic life and the wealthiest trade city in Europe, today in northern Belgium⌊AntverpiamAntwerp (Antwerpen, Antverpia), city in the Low Countries, from 1315 a Hanseatic port, in the 16th century the centre of Brabant’s artistic life and the wealthiest trade city in Europe, today in northern Belgium⌋, altera, quae Dendermonde (Terraemonda, Teneramonda), town in the Habsburg Netherlands, 30 km NW of Brussels, today in Belgium⌊TerraemondamDendermonde (Terraemonda, Teneramonda), town in the Habsburg Netherlands, 30 km NW of Brussels, today in Belgium⌋ ducebant, omnino sunt complanatae, fossae impletae, vallum portatum ad munitionem arcis, quae ibi struitur spatiosa orig. spaciosa⌈spatiosaspatiosa orig. spaciosa⌉ et fortis, complectiturque totum coenobium orig. cenobium⌈coenobiumcoenobium orig. cenobium⌉ divi Bavonis cum templo Christi, ut vocant, non adeo procul dissito a monasterio p(raefa)to or p(raedic)to⌈p(raefa)top(raefa)to or p(raedic)to⌉. Monachi nunc facti canonici written over o⌈oii written over o⌉, una cum corpore Livinus of Ghent, Saint (Sint-Lieven) (*ca. 580 – †657)⌊divi LeviniLivinus of Ghent, Saint (Sint-Lieven) (*ca. 580 – †657)⌋, Bavo of Ghent, Saint (Baaf, Bavonius, Allowin van Haspengouw) (†654)⌊BavonisBavo of Ghent, Saint (Baaf, Bavonius, Allowin van Haspengouw) (†654)⌋, Macarius of Ghent, Saint (Macarius of Antioch) (†1012)⌊MachariiMacarius of Ghent, Saint (Macarius of Antioch) (†1012)⌋ et aliorum tralati in aedem divi Ioannis, servitiis divinis ibi vacaturi. Turpis illa et horrenda consuetudo de Livinus of Ghent, Saint (Sint-Lieven) (*ca. 580 – †657)⌊LivinoLivinus of Ghent, Saint (Sint-Lieven) (*ca. 580 – †657)⌋ efferendo et rursus inferendo abrogata neque fuit hoc anno Levinus in Sint-Lievens-Houtem, town in the Low Countries, County of Flanders, 20 km SE of Ghent⌊HauthemSint-Lievens-Houtem, town in the Low Countries, County of Flanders, 20 km SE of Ghent⌋, neque in futurum portabitur.

Omnia privilegia Ghent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌊civitatisGhent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌋ antiquata novis legibus a Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesareCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ constitutis, secundum quas vivant. Ghent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌊CivitasGhent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌋ ipsa, quae in tres ms. classeis reg. classes⌈classeisms. classeis reg. classes⌉ divisa esse solebat, in unam redacta. Domus plurimae et, ut puto, supra duo milia, dirutae, ut arx libera sit undique, quae arx imperium habitura est in Schelde (Escaut, Scheldt, Scaldis), river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands

Leie (Lys), river in France and Belgium, tributary of the Schelde (Scheldt)⌊fluminaSchelde (Escaut, Scheldt, Scaldis), river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands

Leie (Lys), river in France and Belgium, tributary of the Schelde (Scheldt)⌋, quae uno alveo ibi fluere incipiunt, in quo robur et spes solebat esse Ghent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌊civitatisGhent (Gent, Gand, Gandavum), city in the Low Countries, the County of Flanders, today in Belgium⌋. Ipse magistratus coactus solemniter veniam petere lugubribus vestibus indutu, quinquaginta de plebe laqueos etiam collo gerentibus. Campana ingens, quae Rolandus vocatur, quia ad seditiones et bella pulsari solebat, iussa eximi e turri Beelfroit et Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesariCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ adiudicata. Citizens of Ghent ⌊GandensibusCitizens of Ghent ⌋ omnis auctoritas orig. autoritas⌈auctoritasauctoritas orig. autoritas⌉, qua erga ceteros inhabitants of Flanders ⌊Flandrosinhabitants of Flanders ⌋ et uti et abuti solebant, adempta ipsique in aequalem cum reliquis ordinem redacti.

De amicis. Pro dolor, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌊litteraecf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌋ tuae ad me perferrentur, interierat ill(ustris) or ill(ustrissimus)⌈ill(ustris)ill(ustris) or ill(ustrissimus)⌉ dominus Georg Schenck van Tautenburg (*1480 – †1540), 1521-1540 Stadtholder of Frisia, Stadtholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen, Bailiff of Coevorden (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 327-328; AT 13, p. 339; CE, vol. 3, p. 218)⌊Georgius Schenck a TawtenburgGeorg Schenck van Tautenburg (*1480 – †1540), 1521-1540 Stadtholder of Frisia, Stadtholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen, Bailiff of Coevorden (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 327-328; AT 13, p. 339; CE, vol. 3, p. 218)⌋ satis repentina morte, quae ob id accidit, quod, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ ipse vulnere in tibia laboraret, quod iam fistulam fecerat, velletque occurere Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesariCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et videri sanus et integer esse, caligasque more Germanico ad tibias factas subligare subligaculis ex unionibus, vulnus et fistulam anui cuidam obstruendam commiserat. Quo obstructo statim ille praeter exspectationem defunctus est non viso aut salutato Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesareCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋. Secutus orig. Sequutus⌈SecutusSecutus orig. Sequutus⌉ est Georg Schenck van Tautenburg (*1480 – †1540), 1521-1540 Stadtholder of Frisia, Stadtholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen, Bailiff of Coevorden (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 327-328; AT 13, p. 339; CE, vol. 3, p. 218)⌊illiusGeorg Schenck van Tautenburg (*1480 – †1540), 1521-1540 Stadtholder of Frisia, Stadtholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen, Bailiff of Coevorden (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 327-328; AT 13, p. 339; CE, vol. 3, p. 218)⌋ mortem interitus Antoine I de Lalaing (*1480 – †1540), second son of Josse de Lalaing, Lord of Montigny; knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (1516), one of the most trusted and influential advisors at the court of Margaret of Austria. As the chamberlain of Philip the Handsome, Lalaing accompanied him on his two journeys to Spain (1501, 1506); count of Hoogstraten and Culemborg, 1496 member of the household of Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy, 1501 - his chamberlain, 1513 second chamberlain at the court of Prince Charles (later Emperor Charles V), and a member of his Privy Council, 1515 head of the council of finance, 1522 Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Frisia and chamberlain at the court of Margaret of Austria, 1530 Stadtholder of the new province of Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 280-282)⌊comitis de HoochstratenAntoine I de Lalaing (*1480 – †1540), second son of Josse de Lalaing, Lord of Montigny; knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (1516), one of the most trusted and influential advisors at the court of Margaret of Austria. As the chamberlain of Philip the Handsome, Lalaing accompanied him on his two journeys to Spain (1501, 1506); count of Hoogstraten and Culemborg, 1496 member of the household of Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy, 1501 - his chamberlain, 1513 second chamberlain at the court of Prince Charles (later Emperor Charles V), and a member of his Privy Council, 1515 head of the council of finance, 1522 Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Frisia and chamberlain at the court of Margaret of Austria, 1530 Stadtholder of the new province of Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 280-282)⌋, magni illius apud illustrissimam quondam dominam Margaret of Austria (*1480 – †1530), 1501-1504 Duchess of Savoy, 1507-1515 and 1519-1530 Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands; daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg and Mary of Burgundy⌊MargarethamMargaret of Austria (*1480 – †1530), 1501-1504 Duchess of Savoy, 1507-1515 and 1519-1530 Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands; daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg and Mary of Burgundy⌋, de quo in carminibus etc., sed non tam deploratus atque prioris.

In gubernamen Holland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌊HollandiaeHolland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌋, nescio, quem Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ est suffecturus. Audio Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊illumCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ velle invisere Holland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌊eam provinciamHolland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌋, immo orig. imo⌈immoimmo orig. imo⌉ iam eo concessisse. Ambit Holland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌊illamHolland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌋ ill(ustris) or ill(ustrissimus)⌈ill(ustris)ill(ustris) or ill(ustrissimus)⌉ dominus Adolf of Burgundy (dominus de Beveris, Lord of Beveren) (*1489 or 1490 – †1540), Lord of Veere and Beveren; from 1517 admiral of the Habsburg Netherlands⌊de BeverisAdolf of Burgundy (dominus de Beveris, Lord of Beveren) (*1489 or 1490 – †1540), Lord of Veere and Beveren; from 1517 admiral of the Habsburg Netherlands⌋ amicus noster, cui cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌊litterascf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1540-02-22, CIDTC IDL 6839, letter lost⌋ tuas grat(issi)mas or grat(iosissi)mas⌈grat(issi)masgrat(issi)mas or grat(iosissi)mas⌉ sane ostendi, similiter et domino Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌊Maximiliano EgmondanoMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌋, nam tunc adhuc apud nos erat eodemque, quo ego, tempore recessit. Similiter et illustri Antoon III van Glymes van Bergen (*1500 – †1541), Marquis of Bergen, from 1526 member of the Privy Council of Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 1, p. 131)⌊marchioni de BerghenAntoon III van Glymes van Bergen (*1500 – †1541), Marquis of Bergen, from 1526 member of the Privy Council of Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 1, p. 131)⌋ salutem dixi tuo nomine, quam gratissime accepit, neque enim dicere volo, quam sit grata memoria tui apud nostrates. Quid de amicis communibus dicam: Frédéric de Melun (†1550), Lord of Hellemont, great-master of the artillery in the service of Emperor Charles V (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 350)⌊Friderico de MelunFrédéric de Melun (†1550), Lord of Hellemont, great-master of the artillery in the service of Emperor Charles V (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 350)⌋, Wouter IV van der Gracht (Gautier) (*1492 – †1554), son of Diederik (Thierry) van der Gracht (1454-ca. 1500), lord of Ter Gracht, Moorsele, Heule and Axel, Burgrave of Kortrijk; lord of Ter Gracht, Heule and Moorslede⌊domino de HeuleWouter IV van der Gracht (Gautier) (*1492 – †1554), son of Diederik (Thierry) van der Gracht (1454-ca. 1500), lord of Ter Gracht, Moorsele, Heule and Axel, Burgrave of Kortrijk; lord of Ter Gracht, Heule and Moorslede⌋ et Frans van der Gracht (des Fosses, a Fossis), Lord of Leeuwergem and Moorsele, Lord of Schardauw, 1522-1535 High-Bailiff of Flanders (L'ESPINOY, p. 186, 288)⌊Vander GrachtFrans van der Gracht (des Fosses, a Fossis), Lord of Leeuwergem and Moorsele, Lord of Schardauw, 1522-1535 High-Bailiff of Flanders (L'ESPINOY, p. 186, 288)⌋, ceterisque non contemnendis sane viris, qui non desinunt te praedicare orig. predicare⌈praedicarepraedicare orig. predicare⌉? Et eos quoque salutavi teque recte valere dixi. Horum omnium videndorum scribis te quidem desiderio orig. desyderio⌈desideriodesiderio orig. desyderio⌉ teneri velleque nobiscum esse, huiusmodi tamen desiderium orig. desyderium⌈desideriumdesiderium orig. desyderium⌉ temperari amoenitate conclavis tui ad omnia commodi et consideratione orig. consyderatione⌈considerationeconsideratione orig. consyderatione⌉ asperitatis itinerum.

AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 6r

Postquam in ea es sententia, precor Deum, ut huiusmodi vitae genus tibi felicitet orig. foelicitet⌈felicitetfelicitet orig. foelicitet⌉, et sane merentur labores tui, ut aliquando quiescas, si modo in hoc mundo requies ulla possit haberi, quam difficilem video esse sectatu tot irrumpentibus novis occasionibus, quae nos extrudunt. Mihi quoque iam senium obrepit, sed persuasum nondum est integro corpore concessam mihi ullam iri. Atque utinam non et inviti expergefaciendi sint et inepti trudendi ad labores, et ne id quidem satis. Propterea dico, quia vel infelicitas orig. infoelicitas⌈infelicitasinfelicitas orig. infoelicitas⌉ temporum vel nostra, non ausim enim dicere principum, quamquam et in illis sunt, cum quibus collati Herodes et Nerones, et Domitiani non invenientur in quousvis genere vitiorum deteriores, eo iam promovit, ut sit de exitio cogitandum et funere reipublicae. In iis enim controversiis, quae de fide sunt, videmus nihil determinari, sed diem a die duci parva cum spe boni alicuius subsecuturi orig. subsequuturi⌈subsecuturisubsecuturi orig. subsequuturi⌉, neque Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ feriatur.

Dum haec scribo, nuntiatur orig. nunciatur⌈nuntiaturnuntiatur orig. nunciatur⌉ mors John Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌊Ioannis regis HungariaeJohn Zápolya (János Szapolyai) (*1487 – †1540), 1526-1540 King of Hungary; son of István Szapolyai and Jadwiga of Cieszyn in 1540 married Isabella, dauther of of King Sigismund Jagiellon of Poland. He fought against Ferdinand of Habsburg for the right to the title of King of Hungary⌋, apud quem iis proximis diebus fui, et vero orig. vaero⌈verovero orig. vaero⌉ nuntio orig. nuncio⌈nuntionuntio orig. nuncio⌉ nuntiatur orig. nunciatur⌈nuntiaturnuntiatur orig. nunciatur⌉, nam et me apud Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Weißenburg, Bălgrad), city in Transylvania, today in Romania⌊Albam IuliamGyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Weißenburg, Bălgrad), city in Transylvania, today in Romania⌋ in Transylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌊TransylvaniaTransylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌋ agente male valebat, et non multo post tactus est apoplexia. Quin et subiectus fuit morbo regio, quem copioso potu fortissimorum vinorum fovere illum et augere aiebant. Quae mors haud dubie res novas est inductura in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋. Nuntiatur orig. Nunciatur⌈NuntiaturNuntiatur orig. Nunciatur⌉ et mors, sed minus periculosa, Albrecht of Brandenburg (Albrecht von Hohenzollern) (*1490 – †1545), 1499-1545 co-Margrave of Brandenburg (together with his brother Joachim I Nestor), 1513-1545 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1514-1545 Elector and Archbishop of Mayence, 1518 elevated to cardinal; son of Johann Cicero, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg, and Margarete of Saxony (daughter of Wilhelm III von Sachsen)⌊cardinalis MoguntiniAlbrecht of Brandenburg (Albrecht von Hohenzollern) (*1490 – †1545), 1499-1545 co-Margrave of Brandenburg (together with his brother Joachim I Nestor), 1513-1545 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1514-1545 Elector and Archbishop of Mayence, 1518 elevated to cardinal; son of Johann Cicero, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg, and Margarete of Saxony (daughter of Wilhelm III von Sachsen)⌋ et Johann von Metzenhausen (*1492 – †1540), 1531-1540 Archbishop of Trier⌊archiepiscopi TrevirensisJohann von Metzenhausen (*1492 – †1540), 1531-1540 Archbishop of Trier⌋, hominis versuti et Romanensis orig. Rhomanensis⌈RomanensisRomanensis orig. Rhomanensis⌉ ingenii, sed non incommodi tamen ad haec tempora.

Nuntiatur orig. Nunciatur⌈NuntiaturNuntiatur orig. Nunciatur⌉ et monstruosum connubium Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊regis AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋. Cui primum mense Iulio in mentem venit, quod cum Catherine Howard (*ca. 1524 – †1542)⌊quadamCatherine Howard (*ca. 1524 – †1542)⌋ ex England⌊insulaEngland⌋ sua contraxisset, priusquam duxisset(!) instead of dimississet⌈duxisset(!)duxisset(!) instead of dimississet⌉ Anne of Cleves (*1515 – †1557), Queen of England (1540-01-06 - 1540-07-09) as the fourth wife of Henry VIII Tudor; daughter of John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves, and Maria of Jülich-Berg⌊ClivensemAnne of Cleves (*1515 – †1557), Queen of England (1540-01-06 - 1540-07-09) as the fourth wife of Henry VIII Tudor; daughter of John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves, and Maria of Jülich-Berg⌋. Cum qua Anne of Cleves (*1515 – †1557), Queen of England (1540-01-06 - 1540-07-09) as the fourth wife of Henry VIII Tudor; daughter of John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves, and Maria of Jülich-Berg⌊ClivensiAnne of Cleves (*1515 – †1557), Queen of England (1540-01-06 - 1540-07-09) as the fourth wife of Henry VIII Tudor; daughter of John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves, and Maria of Jülich-Berg⌋ habitavit a mense Novembri, divortii autem sententia lata est decima Iulii. Paulo Christianius forte, quam quod ex The Germans ⌊GermanisThe Germans ⌋ lantgravius Hassiae superinscribed in place of crossed-out quidam⌈quidam Philip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)⌊lantgravius HassiaePhilip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)⌋ lantgravius Hassiae superinscribed in place of crossed-out quidam⌉ Christine of Saxony (*1505 – †1549), from 1523 wife of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, and Margarethe von der Saale (1522 - 1566-02-06), who morganatically married Philipp on 4 March 1540

Margarethe von der Saale (*1522 – †1566), on 4 March 1540 morganatically married Philipp I, Landgrave of Hesse⌊duas uxoresChristine of Saxony (*1505 – †1549), from 1523 wife of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, and Margarethe von der Saale (1522 - 1566-02-06), who morganatically married Philipp on 4 March 1540

Margarethe von der Saale (*1522 – †1566), on 4 March 1540 morganatically married Philipp I, Landgrave of Hesse⌋ aequo iure eodem fovet tempore, nam videtur Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊AnglusHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ tantum unam velle legitimam, AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 6v quod legerit episcopum unius uxoris virum esse debere text damaged⌈[re]re text damaged⌉ tantum, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ autem in suo England⌊regnoEngland⌋ se gerat pro summo pontifice text damaged⌈[ce]ce text damaged⌉ et capite ecclesiae, duas uno tempore fovere non habet in animo, contentus interim Catherine Howard (*ca. 1524 – †1542)⌊recenteCatherine Howard (*ca. 1524 – †1542)⌋, donec et illam commutet. Quis hic non ridebit, immo orig. imo⌈immoimmo orig. imo⌉ plorabit verius orig. vaerius⌈veriusverius orig. vaerius⌉, nisi quod The Lutherans ⌊LutheranisThe Lutherans ⌋ huius connubii auctoribus orig. autoribus⌈auctoribusauctoribus orig. autoribus⌉ debita est repensa merces, qui hoc ipso res suas stabilitas abunde orig. habunde⌈abundeabunde orig. habunde⌉que firmum sibi adversus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊Carolum caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ praesidium orig. presidium⌈praesidiumpraesidium orig. presidium⌉ comparatum esse non veriti sunt iactare.

Eant nunc et suam repetant aut illatas superinscribed⌈illatasillatas superinscribed⌉ ulciscantur iniurias written over m⌈mss written over m⌉ homines non nisi contra imagines sanctorum et pietatem animosi, adeo ut (vere orig. vaere⌈verevere orig. vaere⌉ uti scribis) pudere debeat tot Christianos principes ab huiusmodi nec magno numero tamdiu sibi quasi praescriptum orig. prescriptum⌈praescriptumpraescriptum orig. prescriptum⌉ esse ab iisque, uti ab Atheniensibus olim per Rhomanos, ita per plerosque, petitas esse leges, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ nec legibus illi, nisi quatenus libitum est ullis, coerceantur orig. coherceantur⌈coerceanturcoerceantur orig. coherceantur⌉ suasve libidines subiciant orig. subiiciant⌈subiciantsubiciant orig. subiiciant⌉, neque exemplum praebeant ullum modestioris aut cum fide et gratia Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊ChristiJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋ commune quid habentis vitae, sed vix alibi sit written over nt⌈nttt written over nt⌉ invenire plus scelerum et sceleratorum, quam in illa faece illisque in latibulis, ubi impune in quoslibet dicere, scribere et debacchari liberum illis sit.

In quos scriptam cf. Carmen paraeneticum ad Constantem Alliopagum. Pio lectori before 1539-08-13, CIDTC IDP 53;
Carmen paraeneticum ad Constantem Alliopagum before 1539-08-13, CIDTC IDP 54⌊paraenesim orig. parenaesim⌈paraenesimparaenesim orig. parenaesim⌉cf. Carmen paraeneticum ad Constantem Alliopagum. Pio lectori before 1539-08-13, CIDTC IDP 53;
Carmen paraeneticum ad Constantem Alliopagum before 1539-08-13, CIDTC IDP 54⌋ tuam vehementer laudo et summa legi cum voluptate bene precatus cf. Stanislai Hosii S.R.E. Cardinalis Maioris Poenitentiarii Episcopi Varmiensis (1504-1579) et quae ad eum scriptae sunt epistolae tum etiam eius orationes legationes (1525-1551), vol. 1, ed. by Franz Hipler, Wincenty Zakrzewski, Kraków, 1879, series: Acta historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia 4 , No. 57, p. 78-79⌊Stanisław Hozjusz (Stanisław Hosz, Stanislaus Hosius) (*1504 – †1579), diplomat and theologian; 1534-1538 secretary to the Bishops of Cracow Piotr Tomicki and Jan Chojeński; 1538-1549 royal secretary; 1538-1549 Canon of Ermland (Warmia) and from 1539 Cantor; 1540-1550 Canon of Cracow; 1549-1551 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1551-1579 Bishop of Ermland; in 1560 elevated to Cardinal; 1561-1563 Papal Legate to the General Council of Trent; in 1573 appointed Grand Penitentiary to Pope Gregory XIII (SBKW, p. 95-96; KOPICZKO 2, p. 129-130)⌊illiStanisław Hozjusz (Stanisław Hosz, Stanislaus Hosius) (*1504 – †1579), diplomat and theologian; 1534-1538 secretary to the Bishops of Cracow Piotr Tomicki and Jan Chojeński; 1538-1549 royal secretary; 1538-1549 Canon of Ermland (Warmia) and from 1539 Cantor; 1540-1550 Canon of Cracow; 1549-1551 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1551-1579 Bishop of Ermland; in 1560 elevated to Cardinal; 1561-1563 Papal Legate to the General Council of Trent; in 1573 appointed Grand Penitentiary to Pope Gregory XIII (SBKW, p. 95-96; KOPICZKO 2, p. 129-130)⌋cf. Stanislai Hosii S.R.E. Cardinalis Maioris Poenitentiarii Episcopi Varmiensis (1504-1579) et quae ad eum scriptae sunt epistolae tum etiam eius orationes legationes (1525-1551), vol. 1, ed. by Franz Hipler, Wincenty Zakrzewski, Kraków, 1879, series: Acta historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia 4 , No. 57, p. 78-79⌋, qui auctor orig. autor⌈auctorauctor orig. autor⌉ fuit illius in lucem cf. Ioannes Dantiscus (Jan Dantyszek), Ioannis Dantisci episcopi Varmiensis Carmen paraeneticum, iuvenibus huius temporis non inutile, ad ingenuum adolescentem Constantem Alliopagum, Kraków, Hieronymus WIETOR, 1539 ⌊edendaecf. Ioannes Dantiscus (Jan Dantyszek), Ioannis Dantisci episcopi Varmiensis Carmen paraeneticum, iuvenibus huius temporis non inutile, ad ingenuum adolescentem Constantem Alliopagum, Kraków, Hieronymus WIETOR, 1539 ⌋, alioqui scio edidisses serius orig. saerius⌈seriusserius orig. saerius⌉. Sed quae sat in huiusmodi scribi possunt? Adeo et ii quoque, de quibus supererat adhuc aliquid bonae aestimationis orig. estimationis⌈aestimationisaestimationis orig. estimationis⌉, degenerarunt a sese et spem nostram de sese fefellerunt, neque video, quid moliantur aliud aut ad alium quem finem tendant, quam subvertere magistratum, non dico spiritualem, sed et saecularem orig. secularem⌈saecularemsaecularem orig. secularem⌉ omnem. Quam enim sonat Christiane, quod ex illis quidam, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ de saecularibus orig. secularibus⌈saecularibussaecularibus orig. secularibus⌉ quibusdam principibus ageret, quos dicit persecutos orig. persequutos⌈persecutospersecutos orig. persequutos⌉ esse et persequi evangelion, „pro talibusne ms. talibus ne(!) ⌈talibusnetalibusne ms. talibus ne(!) ⌉ – inquit – orabimus?”. Nequaquam superinscribed⌈NequaquamNequaquam superinscribed⌉, immo orabimus, AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 7r dico,[3] sicut et Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊ChristusJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋ pro iis, qui illum crucifixere, et Saint Stephen first Christian martyr⌊StephanusSaint Stephen first Christian martyr⌋ pro lapidantibus. Ut interim taceam, quod idem ille vir pius, qui pro principibus huiusmodi orandum negat, commen<ta>tus est mendaciter Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Ferdinandum regem Rhomanorum, HungariaeFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ etc., post adventum ad se Girolamo Aleandro (*1480 – †1542), born in Motta di Livenza; 1528-1541 Archbishop of Brindisi, 1538-1542 Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono ⌊cardinalis AleandriGirolamo Aleandro (*1480 – †1542), born in Motta di Livenza; 1528-1541 Archbishop of Brindisi, 1538-1542 Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono ⌋, longe plurimos The Lutherans ⌊LutheranosThe Lutherans ⌋ aut, ut ipsi loquuntur, evangelicos mactasse et immolasse Holy See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌊s written over r⌈rss written over r⌉edi RhomanaeHoly See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌋, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ ne uni quidem illatum sit violentiae quicquam, prout mihi iurarunt plerique viri probi, qui sunt a regiis consiliis, et praeter haec magistratum gerunt, praesuntque huiusmodi damnationibus.

Quis, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ haec tam asseveranter ab illis scripta videt, inhabitants of Saxony ⌊Saxonuminhabitants of Saxony ⌋ aut inhabitants of Hesse ⌊Hessoruminhabitants of Hesse ⌋, aut inhabitants of Pomerania ⌊Pomeranoruminhabitants of Pomerania ⌋ non putet vera orig. vaera⌈veravera orig. vaera⌉ et non statim Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Ferdinandum regemFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ abominetur, qui ea utatur licentia in homines? Et tamen pura et puta h written over s⌈shh written over s⌉aec sunt mendacia, quorum diabolus et non Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊ChristusJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋ auctor orig. autor⌈auctorauctor orig. autor⌉ est. Ego sane etiam credebam ita esse, donec venissem Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, ubi carnificina haec facta fuisse fingitur, et diligenter inquisivi, si quid tale evenisset, non a magistratu modo, sed et a plerisque de vulgo, quorum omnium assertio fuit una eademque nihil tale hic contigisse neque alibi in ditionibus regiis. Si haec de Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Ferdinando regeFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋, qui in medio imperii provincias etiam habet hereditarias, comminisci non verentur, quid non comminiscentur de Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniaSpain (Hispania)⌋, Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋, Sicily, island in the Mediterranean Sea, Kingdom ruled by the Habsburgs⌊SiciliaSicily, island in the Mediterranean Sea, Kingdom ruled by the Habsburgs⌋ ceterisque regnis magis dissitis? Nimirum illis necessum est impia et abominabilia esse omnia. Sed longius quam pro instituto.

Revertar ad Diego Gracián de Alderete (*ca. 1494 – †1586), humanist, translator from Greek and Latin into Castilian, became engaged to Dantiscus' daughter Juana on 1537-06-30, and married her in 1538; scribe and secretary to Emperor Charles V, later secretary to King Philip II of Spain (SKOLIMOWSKA 2000; CE, vol. 2, p. 122)⌊GratianumDiego Gracián de Alderete (*ca. 1494 – †1586), humanist, translator from Greek and Latin into Castilian, became engaged to Dantiscus' daughter Juana on 1537-06-30, and married her in 1538; scribe and secretary to Emperor Charles V, later secretary to King Philip II of Spain (SKOLIMOWSKA 2000; CE, vol. 2, p. 122)⌋, cui bona condicio orig. conditio⌈condiciocondicio orig. conditio⌉, ut audio, adhuc est, nihil immutato adhuc ordine, qui erat adhibitus familiaribus quondam augustae nostrae orig. nostre⌈nostraenostrae orig. nostre⌉ Isabella of Portugal (*1503 – †1539), Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Aragon and Castile; wife of Emperor Charles V of Habsburg, daughter of Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon⌊Ysabellae LusitanaeIsabella of Portugal (*1503 – †1539), Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Aragon and Castile; wife of Emperor Charles V of Habsburg, daughter of Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon⌋, cui sese dicebat esse a secretis. Ab epistolis, puto, Latinis aut translationibus orig. tralationibus⌈translationibustranslationibus orig. tralationibus⌉ erat superinscribed⌈eraterat superinscribed⌉, nam ad res Hispanicas ascitum non puto. Ceterum diu est, quod ad me nihil nuntiavit orig. nunciavit⌈nuntiavitnuntiavit orig. nunciavit⌉, quare et ego quoque te sequar silentioque rem supprimam, nisi, quod silere apud te non possum, eandem orig. eamdem⌈eandemeandem orig. eamdem⌉ Juana Dantisca (*1527 – †1601), daughter of Ioannes Dantiscus and Isabel Delgada; wife of Diego Gracián de Alderete (SKOLIMOWSKA 2004, p. 52; LLAMAS 1995; LLAMAS 1999; LLAMAS 2001; LLAMAS, SKOLIMOWSKA; MELGAR, 37, ...)⌊IoannamJuana Dantisca (*1527 – †1601), daughter of Ioannes Dantiscus and Isabel Delgada; wife of Diego Gracián de Alderete (SKOLIMOWSKA 2004, p. 52; LLAMAS 1995; LLAMAS 1999; LLAMAS 2001; LLAMAS, SKOLIMOWSKA; MELGAR, 37, ...)⌋ esse plane tui simillimam teque vultu lineamentisque faciei omnino referre.

Scribis tibi gratissimum esse, quod cum Johan Weze (*1490 – †1548), secretary to King Christian II of Denmark; in 1522 nominated Archbishop of Lund; in 1527 was banished from Denmark as Christian II's secretary, and joined the service of Emperor Charles V as his diplomat, 1537-1548 Bishop of Constance (WHALEY, p. 314)⌊reverendissimo domino LundensiJohan Weze (*1490 – †1548), secretary to King Christian II of Denmark; in 1522 nominated Archbishop of Lund; in 1527 was banished from Denmark as Christian II's secretary, and joined the service of Emperor Charles V as his diplomat, 1537-1548 Bishop of Constance (WHALEY, p. 314)⌋ in gratiam redierim. Ego, quod sciam, numquam a Johan Weze (*1490 – †1548), secretary to King Christian II of Denmark; in 1522 nominated Archbishop of Lund; in 1527 was banished from Denmark as Christian II's secretary, and joined the service of Emperor Charles V as his diplomat, 1537-1548 Bishop of Constance (WHALEY, p. 314)⌊LundensiJohan Weze (*1490 – †1548), secretary to King Christian II of Denmark; in 1522 nominated Archbishop of Lund; in 1527 was banished from Denmark as Christian II's secretary, and joined the service of Emperor Charles V as his diplomat, 1537-1548 Bishop of Constance (WHALEY, p. 314)⌋ dissensi. Utrique sua negotia orig. negocia⌈negotianegotia orig. negocia⌉ curae fuerunt citra ullam aemu AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 8r lationem, ut in foro distincto, sed illi cum doctore Mathias Held (†1563), jurist; 1527 nominated for the post of assessor at the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht) by Elector Joachim of Brandenburg, 1531-1541 Vice-Chancellor of Emperor Charles V (NDB, Bd. 8, p. 465-466; CE, vol. 2, p. 174-175)⌊Mathia HeldioMathias Held (†1563), jurist; 1527 nominated for the post of assessor at the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht) by Elector Joachim of Brandenburg, 1531-1541 Vice-Chancellor of Emperor Charles V (NDB, Bd. 8, p. 465-466; CE, vol. 2, p. 174-175)⌋ graves fuere et, ni fallor, adhuc sunt querimoniae ex legatione Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ quibusdamque titulis, quos uterque sibi inscriptos habuit, ortae. De quibus nihil ad me, qui cum nemine, nisi de virtute et probitate, contendere in animum duxi longeque abesse ab huiusmodi dissidiis, quorum fructus ex is tandem est, ut sese nemo quieti dedere, nemo extra curas esse possit, dum cotidie orig. quottidie⌈cotidiecotidie orig. quottidie⌉ illi cogitandum est, ne adversario praebeat occasionem calumniandi. cf. Verg. A. 6.258 procul, o, procul este, prophani; Mart. 11.6.6 pallentes procul hinc abite curae; Tib. 3.6.7 Ite procul, durum, curae, genus, ite, labores ⌊Procul hinc, procul este prophanae, este procul curaecf. Verg. A. 6.258 procul, o, procul este, prophani; Mart. 11.6.6 pallentes procul hinc abite curae; Tib. 3.6.7 Ite procul, durum, curae, genus, ite, labores ⌋. Libet enim veteris libertatis memoriam refricare.

De mutata rerum facie apud vos et nos nihil est novum. Idem nobis, quod vobis accidit. Veteranus apud nos, qui possit aliquid, nullus. Jean Carondelet (*1469 – †1545), statesman, lawyer, close friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1497 Master of Request to Archduke Philip the Handsome; from 1515 member of the council of Charles of Habsburg; from 1518 Chancellor of Castile; from 1519 chief councillor of Duchess Margaret of Austria; 1519-1544 Archbishop of Palermo; 1531-1540 President of the Privy Council of the Netherlands (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 121-122; CE, vol. 1, p. 272-273)⌊Reverendissimus PanormitanusJean Carondelet (*1469 – †1545), statesman, lawyer, close friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1497 Master of Request to Archduke Philip the Handsome; from 1515 member of the council of Charles of Habsburg; from 1518 Chancellor of Castile; from 1519 chief councillor of Duchess Margaret of Austria; 1519-1544 Archbishop of Palermo; 1531-1540 President of the Privy Council of the Netherlands (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 121-122; CE, vol. 1, p. 272-273)⌋ surdus et semicaecus adhuc trahit animam, sed aetati ipsius non auctoritati orig. autoritati⌈auctoritatiauctoritati orig. autoritati⌉ nonnihil defertur. Auctoritas orig. Autoritas⌈AuctoritasAuctoritas orig. Autoritas⌉ enim iam omnis et monarchia penes illustrem dominum Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊a GrandtvellaNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋ est, postquam ad nos pervenit Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋. Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊IlleNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋ Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliamItaly (Italia)⌋, Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniasSpain (Hispania)⌋, France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliasFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋, France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GermaniamFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ reliquaque omnia, et solus, curat magno sane cum labore atque utinam exitu tam felici orig. foelice⌈felicifelici orig. foelice⌉.

Quos interiisse scribis apud vos, scio magnos viros fuisse et praedicantur orig. predicantur⌈praedicanturpraedicantur orig. predicantur⌉ apud exteras gentes. Qui autem successere, boni viri esse dicuntur, sed nihil ad magnos illos. Adeo omnia sunt in declinatione neque miror, quod aetas sancti Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊regis vestriSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ tumultus, qui oborituri videbantur, sola sui reverentia composuerit, sed neminem video, qui in illius locum successurus idem facere possit. Cum orig. Quum⌈CumCum orig. Quum⌉ tamen nullo tempore magis ex re fuerit, quam nunc futurum est, tam validis viribus The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et tam dissentientibus inter sese principibus nostris, et deiectione nescio qua animorum cotidie orig. quotidie⌈cotidiecotidie orig. quotidie⌉ invalescente adeo, ut cf. Verg. A. 11.424 cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus; Verg. A. 7.446 subitus tremor occupat artus; Ov. Met. 3.40 attonitos subitus tremor occupat artus ⌊ante tubam tremor occupet artuscf. Verg. A. 11.424 cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus; Verg. A. 7.446 subitus tremor occupat artus; Ov. Met. 3.40 attonitos subitus tremor occupat artus ⌋, AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 8v reor animi apud vos satis futurum in Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza⌊rege iuveneSigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza⌋ bene instituto, potente, adhaec et opulento, sed deterret me nonnumquam recordatio fortunae vestratium principum, quibus semper text damaged⌈[r]r text damaged⌉ calamitates ex The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcisThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ provenere. At praestat orig. prestat⌈praestatpraestat orig. prestat⌉ in pulchro conatu mori, praestat sane, modo morte nostra accedat aliquid reipublicae, inservitum sit Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊ChristoJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋, protecti sint lares et patria. Alioqui quid fructuosum habet in se audacia? Fortiter hoc contempta morte plerisque datum est mori. Moriuntur sic et plerique sicarii. At cum utili ut vivamus et, si id non datur, mortem ut oppetamus, nemo vir bonus non text damaged⌈[n]n text damaged⌉ desiderare orig. desyderare⌈desideraredesiderare orig. desyderare⌉ debet. Iterum dico, deterret me raritas veteranorum, audacia iuvenum et publica egestas, cum orig. quum⌈cumcum orig. quum⌉ ingentes sint privatorum divitiae.

Sed eam faciem video ubique. In Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ quotus quisque superest ex veteri illa nobilitate, quae et militarium hominum copiam alebat, et popularium animos, ubi necessitas postulabat, ad extrema facienda et patienda sua virtute et auctoritate orig. autoritate⌈auctoritateauctoritate orig. autoritate⌉ incendebat? Nunc ad paucissimos res sunt redactae, qui primis sunt opibus. Paucis exceptis homines novi sunt, maxima ex parte per latrocinia et angarias miserorum fortunae incrementa adepti. Hi, quibus imperent, nisi flagitiorum suorum clientes et satellites, habent nullos. Tantum abest, ut ad patriae exstinguendum orig. extinguendum⌈exstinguendumexstinguendum orig. extinguendum⌉ incendium adducere quicquam possint. Cum orig. Quum⌈CumCum orig. Quum⌉ in Pannonia, province bounded to the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia, covering the territory of the present-day western half of Hungary, along with parts of Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia and Bosnia and Herzegovina⌊Pannoniam SuperioremPannonia, province bounded to the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia, covering the territory of the present-day western half of Hungary, along with parts of Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia and Bosnia and Herzegovina⌋ aciem ingenii flecto, viros multos bonos <video>, sed excellentem nullum, cui provincia, qualis nunc obvenire necessario debet, demandari tuto possit.

In Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ et desunt, qui imperent, et desunt, qui pareant, tanta ibi turba imperatorum est. In France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliisFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋, apud The Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌊nosThe Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌋ insignis vir ad ea, quae dicimus, nemo, sed nec Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ quidem aliquem habet, nec Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniaSpain (Hispania)⌋, non dico conferendum, sed qui aliqua saltem ex parte accedat cum veteribus The Colonnas a powerful Italian noble family⌊ColumnisThe Colonnas a powerful Italian noble family⌋, Piscariis[4], The de Leyvas (de Leivas), a Spanish noble family⌊LeyvisThe de Leyvas (de Leivas), a Spanish noble family⌋, The Alarcóns a Spanish noble family⌊AlarconibusThe Alarcóns a Spanish noble family⌋, probably Francesco Maria I della Rovere (*1490 – †1538), 1521-1538 Duke of Urbino⌊Urbini duceprobably Francesco Maria I della Rovere (*1490 – †1538), 1521-1538 Duke of Urbino⌋.

Militum abunde orig. habunde⌈abundeabunde orig. habunde⌉ est. Sed qui, tu n[on] or m[odo] paper damaged⌈non paper damaged⌈[on]on paper damaged⌉n[on] or m[odo] paper damaged⌉, AAWO, AB, D.131, f. 9r haec[5] inquies de ducibus belli? Quia omni quidem in genere scio opus esse reipublicae nostrae bonis et prudentibus viris, sed in bello praecipue, quod subterfugere non possumus. In quo si succumbamus, omnia alia consilia frustra erunt. Superest commune refugium multorum, qui ab eventu res metiuntur aiuntque Deum miserturum iis nostri, et sic fuisse fortunam nostram et principum nostrorum, ut rebus deploratis desperatisque ex improviso obtigerit illis victoria. Utrumque verum est et nostri miseraturum esse Deum, si modo ad eum refugiamus, si illius divinum auxilium pura mente imploremus, si nequitiam exuerimus nosque reddamus dignos ipsius misericordiae.[6] Sed quotus quisque hoc facit? Ego, qui inter varios homines versor, inania haec verba audio, sed sine ulla in divinam ipsius bonitatem fiducia prolata. Ad humanas tantum vires recurrimus: numerum peditum equitumque et machinarum. Qui si tam facile haberetur et teneretur in officio et oboedientia orig. obedientia⌈oboedientiaoboedientia orig. obedientia⌉, qua decet, non profecto omnino desperandum esset, sed videmus vana nomina esse, maximo cum sumptu colligi, maiore ali et nihil aut parum pro officio ab illis praestari, unoquoque intento, ut aliquis sibi privatim adiciat orig. adiiciat⌈adiciatadiciat orig. adiiciat⌉.