OSK, Fol Lat. 258, f. 285r

Magnifice et Spectabilis Domine, amice carissime ac honorande. Salutem Magnificentiae Vestrae et omnia precor faustissima.

Accepi Marienburg (Malbork), town and castle in northern Poland, in Pomeranian Voivodeship, on the Nogat, a branch of the Vistula in its delta, the seat of the Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order in Prussia (1309–1457) and a voivodeship capital in Royal Prussia, within the Kingdom of Poland (1466–1772). Alternating with Graudenz (Grudziądz), Marienburg was the venue of the Provincial Diets of Royal Prussia, chaired by the bishop of Ermland (Warmia)⌊Marienburgi paper damaged⌈[i]i paper damaged⌉Marienburg (Malbork), town and castle in northern Poland, in Pomeranian Voivodeship, on the Nogat, a branch of the Vistula in its delta, the seat of the Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order in Prussia (1309–1457) and a voivodeship capital in Royal Prussia, within the Kingdom of Poland (1466–1772). Alternating with Graudenz (Grudziądz), Marienburg was the venue of the Provincial Diets of Royal Prussia, chaired by the bishop of Ermland (Warmia)⌋ 1541-05-10⌊X-a huius1541-05-10⌋ in Provincial Diet of Royal Prussia ⌊comitiis nostrisProvincial Diet of Royal Prussia ⌋ Magnificentiae Vestrae cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551⌊litterascf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551⌋ Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaeVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ Austriae 1541-03-22⌊XXII paper damaged⌈[II]II paper damaged⌉ mensis Martii proximi1541-03-22⌋ datas, ex quibus dolenter intellexi paper damaged⌈[i]i paper damaged⌉, quod meas, quas cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN ca. 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 6478, letter lost⌊in Ianuario ad Magnificentiam Vestramcf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN ca. 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 6478, letter lost⌋ et ad dominum paper damaged⌈[m]m paper damaged⌉ Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelium ScepperumCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] [Heils]berg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 2268⌊rescripseramcf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] [Heils]berg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 2268⌋, non habuerit. Quod cum paper damaged⌈[m]m paper damaged⌉ evenerit, Seweryn Boner (*1486 – †1549), merchant and financial agent of King Sigismund I Jagiellon; 1520-1542 Burgrave of Cracow, 1524-1549 Governor and salt mine supervisor in Cracow, 1532 Castellan of Żarnów, 1535-1546 Castellan of Biecz, 1546-1549 Castellan of Sącz (PSB 2, p. 300-301; NOGA, p. 299)⌊magnificus dominus castellanus BiecensisSeweryn Boner (*1486 – †1549), merchant and financial agent of King Sigismund I Jagiellon; 1520-1542 Burgrave of Cracow, 1524-1549 Governor and salt mine supervisor in Cracow, 1532 Castellan of Żarnów, 1535-1546 Castellan of Biecz, 1546-1549 Castellan of Sącz (PSB 2, p. 300-301; NOGA, p. 299)⌋ et dominus Iustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌊Iostus Ludo paper damaged⌈[do]do paper damaged⌉vicus DeciusIustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌋, ut reor, significarunt Magnificentiae Vestrae. Miseram mag paper damaged⌈[ag]ag paper damaged⌉num litterarum fasciculum Thorn (Toruń, Thorunium), city in northern Poland, on the Vistula river in its lower reaches, main residence of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno); one of the three Great Prussian Cities (along with Gdańsk and Elbing) which had representatives in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌊ThoroniamThorn (Toruń, Thorunium), city in northern Poland, on the Vistula river in its lower reaches, main residence of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno); one of the three Great Prussian Cities (along with Gdańsk and Elbing) which had representatives in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌋, quem inibi civis quidam Cracoviensis Jan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌊Ioannes MorsteinJan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌋, ut Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviamCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋ perferret[1], accepit paper damaged⌈[t]t paper damaged⌉. In eo ad Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊dominum CorneliumCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ et ad Magnificentiam Vestram atque ad ple paper damaged⌈[le]le paper damaged⌉rosque alios bonos dominos et amicos in aula caesarea plurimae paper damaged⌈[ae]ae paper damaged⌉ meae litterae[2] inerant. Is porro Jan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌊MorsteinJan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌋ non solum meas, verum etiam et domini Iustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌊IostiIustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌋ ac aliorum, quas secum abstulerat paper damaged⌈[t]t paper damaged⌉, inter eundum se amisisse asseverat[3]. Quod ut credam, hucusque induci nequeo, miris namque modis hoc nostro tempore, quid quisque scribat ex aula nostra[4], inquiritur et in ea magni viri ex penetralibus et mensis suis non semel iam litteras amiserunt. Utcumque res habet, quod si etiam aulae litterae nostrae sint redditae, nihil me afficit, quandoquidem id, quod scribo, fateri me non pudet. Nihil moror eos, qui cf. BRUNI cap. 17, p. 108 Itaque multa legendo et discendo undique carpere accumulareque oportet, cunctaque omnifariam scrutari atque rimari, unde nobis ad studia nostra aliqua sit proventura utilitas ⌊scrutari et rimari student omniacf. BRUNI cap. 17, p. 108 Itaque multa legendo et discendo undique carpere accumulareque oportet, cunctaque omnifariam scrutari atque rimari, unde nobis ad studia nostra aliqua sit proventura utilitas ⌋, quoniam non semper grata inveniunt. cf. Vulg. Is 21.2 ⌊Qui incredulus est, ut Isaias inquit, infideliter agitcf. Vulg. Is 21.2 ⌋. Et cum hac tempestate[5] nulla de <re> magis loquantur et scribant homines, quam de fide, nihil illa minus habent. Dabit igitur Magnificentia Vestra veniam hocque, quod mihi, vel hominum iniquitati paper damaged⌈[i]i paper damaged⌉ vel infelici casui imputabit[6].

Nescio quo fato litterae meae, quod et de iis subvereor, ad Magnificentiam Vestram, ad quam non nisi sincero scribuntur animo, non attingunt. Scripseram, cum novissime Magnificentia Vestra Vilnae ageret[7] cum generoso domino Achatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), one of the most powerful magnates of Royal Prussia and a leader of the Estates of Royal Prussia during the reigns of the last two Jagiellons; maintained close relations with Duke Albrecht I von Hohenzollern; supporter of Protestantism; 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania; 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig); 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌊Achatio a Czeme castellano GedanensiAchatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), one of the most powerful magnates of Royal Prussia and a leader of the Estates of Royal Prussia during the reigns of the last two Jagiellons; maintained close relations with Duke Albrecht I von Hohenzollern; supporter of Protestantism; 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania; 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig); 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌋, qui summopere amicitiam et familiaritatem praeclara Magnificentiae Vestrae fama illectus contrahere cum Magnificentia Vestra ambiebat. Is vero missus ab Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌊harum terrarum consiliariisCouncil of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌋ ad Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimam maiestatem paper damaged⌈[m]m paper damaged⌉ regiamSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋, cum Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌊VilnaeVilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌋ applicuisset, unde Magnificentia Vestra paulo ante abierat, litteras mihi retulit. Has iam tertio dedi et proprio nuntio ad manus Iustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌊domini IostiIustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌋ misi, fore spe paper damaged⌈[e]e paper damaged⌉rans eas tandem redditas iri, quod prius non credam, quam cum responsum a Magnificentia Vestra videro[8].

cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER Heilsberg (Lidzbark)?, 1541-04-04?, CIDTC IDL 6473, letter lost⌊Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Domino CornelioCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋, postquam intellexi sic actum cum litteris, Regensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria⌊RatisbonamRegensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria⌋ scripsicf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER Heilsberg (Lidzbark)?, 1541-04-04?, CIDTC IDL 6473, letter lost⌋, cum nuntio, quem vicinus meus Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 until his death Duke in Prussia as a vassal of the Polish king; son of Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach the Elder and Sophia Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon; nephew of Sigismund I Jagiellon, King of Poland; founder of the University of Königsberg, 1544⌊illustrissimus dominus duxAlbrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 until his death Duke in Prussia as a vassal of the Polish king; son of Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach the Elder and Sophia Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon; nephew of Sigismund I Jagiellon, King of Poland; founder of the University of Königsberg, 1544⌋ eo allegavit, repetiique singula, quae prius exaraveram, infaustumque cum prioribus litteris successum Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊illiCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ declaravi[9]. Et cum minime, pro suo candore, sit suspicax, non est, quod aliam quam amicam opinionem de Magnificentia Vestra conceperit.

Pro novis, quae scripsit, Magnificentiae Vestrae magnas habeo gratias, referrem quidem, si quid eiusmodi apud nos haberetur. Ne tamen novarum rerum omnino has legat vacuas, quae ad nos mari perlata sunt, sic in compendio feruntur. Gustav I Vasa (Gustav Ericsson) (*1496 – †1560), 1523–1560 King of Sweden; son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter⌊Regem SueciaeGustav I Vasa (Gustav Ericsson) (*1496 – †1560), 1523–1560 King of Sweden; son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter⌋ novas turbas moliri, armatam habere non contemnendam classem, quorsum illam impellere intendat, certo non sciri[10]. Denmark (Dania), the kingdom⌊DaniaDenmark (Dania), the kingdom⌋, cum qua hoc mense Burgundian Netherlands (Bourgogne, Burgundia), duchy, the name of the former Duchy of Burgundy is used here to denote its historical northern part – known as the Burgundy Netherlands (today’s Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), taken over by the Habsburgs in 1477, and in 1530-1556 ruled on behalf of Charles V by his sister, the dowager queen, Mary of Hungary⌊BurgundiaeBurgundian Netherlands (Bourgogne, Burgundia), duchy, the name of the former Duchy of Burgundy is used here to denote its historical northern part – known as the Burgundy Netherlands (today’s Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), taken over by the Habsburgs in 1477, and in 1530-1556 ruled on behalf of Charles V by his sister, the dowager queen, Mary of Hungary⌋ expirarunt indutiae[11], vicissim est in armis. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 until his death Duke in Prussia as a vassal of the Polish king; son of Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach the Elder and Sophia Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon; nephew of Sigismund I Jagiellon, King of Poland; founder of the University of Königsberg, 1544⌊Vicinus meusAlbrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 until his death Duke in Prussia as a vassal of the Polish king; son of Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach the Elder and Sophia Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon; nephew of Sigismund I Jagiellon, King of Poland; founder of the University of Königsberg, 1544⌋, ne quid ii motus sibi incommodent, advigilat. Veretur, ne quod stratagemma inter The Swedes ⌊SuecosThe Swedes ⌋ et Citizens of Livonia ⌊LivonesCitizens of Livonia ⌋[12] delitescat, quod praeter spem periculum aliquod adferret. Ex France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliaFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋, England⌊AngliaEngland⌋ et Scotland⌊ScotiaScotland⌋ maritimae navigationi parata omnia sperantur[13]. Nos hic a Domino Deo pacem et religionis concordiam precamur, quae iam tandem summa est necessaria, apud Inhabitants of Royal Prussia ⌊nostratesInhabitants of Royal Prussia ⌋ enim, maxime autem in maioribus civitatibus[14], confusa fere et perplexa sunt omnia igne[15]; ad veram pietatem pertinens nemo vel vix unus aut alter est, qui quaerat, cf. Vulg. Phil 2.21 Omnes enim sua quaerunt non quae sunt Christi Iesu ⌊omnes, quae sua sunt, quaerunt et non quae Iesu Christicf. Vulg. Phil 2.21 Omnes enim sua quaerunt non quae sunt Christi Iesu ⌋, qui iam tum demum ut nostri misereatur, cf. Apul. Met. 3.19 praesta quod summis votis expostulo ⌊summis votiscf. Apul. Met. 3.19 praesta quod summis votis expostulo ⌋ esset orandum, quod quidem a capite ortum habere deberet[16]. Ceterum intestinis, ut Magnificentia Vestra scripsit, bellis implicatum nullam eius rei de se praebet significationem. cf. Vulg. Ps (G) 35. 7 Iudicia tua abyssus multa ⌊Iudicia Dei abyssus multacf. Vulg. Ps (G) 35. 7 Iudicia tua abyssus multa ⌋ etc.

Quod Magnificentia Vestra cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551;
Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-06-25, CIDTC IDL 2442⌊annotavitcf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551;
Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-06-25, CIDTC IDL 2442⌋, ad negotia, quae modo tractantur[17], auctoritatem meam desiderari, fit magis amico quam iusto de me iudicio, nihil ego eiusmodi in me agnosco, quod ad haec tempora commodum esse possit. Et quantum coniicere possum ea, quae hoc nostro saeculo fiunt, non humanis viribus seu consiliis dirigi componive concessum esse, sed in solius Dei consistere potentia[18]. Proinde si quid a me vel me longe praestantioribus praestandum sit, id non nisi lacrimis et intimis orationibus, ut omnia in melius convertantur, a Domino Deo obtinendum. Qui Magnificentiam Vestram, quam, quemadmodum in Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊divi MaximilianiMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ aula summopere amavi et amare desiturus sum numquam, ut diutissime sospitet prosperetque in omnibus, ex corde oro.

Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌈Dat(ae)Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌉ Braunsberg (Braniewo), town in Ermland (Warmia), 19 km NE of Elbing (Elbląg), port on the Vistula Lagoon, a member of the Hanseatic League⌊BraunsbergBraunsberg (Braniewo), town in Ermland (Warmia), 19 km NE of Elbing (Elbląg), port on the Vistula Lagoon, a member of the Hanseatic League⌋, XXVI Maii MDXLI.

Magnificentiae Vestrae additissimus Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Hans Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes Dantiscus Episcopus VarmiensisIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Hans Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ scripsi

[1] In Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracowCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋, Jan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌊MorsteinJan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌋ was to give a fascicule of letters to Georg Hegel (†1547), factor of the Thurzons, and later of the Fuggers, in Cracow (Kraków); worked for the Fuggers from at least 1521; supplier to the royal court in Cracow (PSB 9, p. 336)⌊Georg HegelGeorg Hegel (†1547), factor of the Thurzons, and later of the Fuggers, in Cracow (Kraków); worked for the Fuggers from at least 1521; supplier to the royal court in Cracow (PSB 9, p. 336)⌋, the factors of The FUGGERS ⌊Fuggersfactors of The FUGGERS ⌋’ factor in Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracowCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋ (see cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] Heilsberg (Lidzbark), 1541-03-04, CIDTC IDL 2394⌊IDL 2394cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] Heilsberg (Lidzbark), 1541-03-04, CIDTC IDL 2394⌋: BCz, 245, p. 233, the left margin).

[2] We know only five letters of Dantiscus’ from ca. January 10, 1541: 1) to Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelis De SchepperCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ (see footnote 5); 2) to Iustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌊Jost Ludwig DeciusIustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌋ (office copy, BCz, 245, p. 237, in the middle of the page); 3) to Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540-1548 member of the Council of State and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, p. 340-341; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌊Maximiliaan van Egmond-BurenMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540-1548 member of the Council of State and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, p. 340-341; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌋ (rough copy in Dantiscus’ hand, BCz, 245, p. 237-238); 4) to an unidentified clergyman, probably one of the canons of Warmia (office copy,BCz, 245, p. 237, at the top; cf. footnote 28!!!); 5) to Sigismund Herberstein (lost).

[3] Iustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌊Jost Ludwig DeciusIustus Ludovicus Decius (Justus Ludwik Decjusz, Jost Ludwig Dietz, Iodocus Decius) (*ca. 1485 – †1545), merchant, historian, reformer of the Polish monetary system; ennobled in 1519; 1520-1524 royal secretary; 1528 Cracow town councillor; 1528 alderman in Piotrków; 1526-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Königsberg; 1528-1535 administrator of the royal mint in Thorn; 1530-1540 administrator of the royal mint in Cracow; 1519, 1520, 1522, 1523-1524 - royal envoy to Italy (PSB 5, p. 42-45; WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 250-251; NOGA, p. 304; CE, vol. 1, p. 380-382)⌋ described the matter of Dantiscus’ parcel of January 10 being lost, and Herberstein’s perplexity stemming from not knowing what had happened to -⌊De Schepper-⌋’s letter to Dantiscus of August 18, 1540 (see CEID 1.1 letter No. 31, footnote 4), in a letter to Dantiscus dated June 16, 1541: De litteris, quae sic interciderant Jan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌊Ioannis MornsteinJan Morstein (Jan Morsztyn) (*1481 – †1541), 1514-1515 Cracow alderman; 1516 - councillor; 1524, 1531, 1533 Cracow deputy to the Crown Diet; 1531 - to the Cracow Voivodeship assembly in Proszowice; 1519 collector of taxes; provisor of the mansioners of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cracow (NOGA, p. 325-326)⌋ negligentia, non parum sollicitus fuit et dominus olim Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia (PSB 23 Niemirycz - Noryśkiewicz, p. 129-131)⌊NipczytzNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia (PSB 23 Niemirycz - Noryśkiewicz, p. 129-131)⌋,qui si vixisset non nihil habuisset difficultatis, mihi vero interierunt apochae pecuniariae et litterae aliae necessariae. Non tamen videtur hic vel studium, vel quaevis malevolentia intervenisse alia, etenim vir omnino bonus est. Graviter tulit dominus Sigismundus hactenus sibi non responsurus, omnino persuasus cum suas tum domini Cornelii litteras interceptas, abinde sibi dominum Cornelium alienatum, scribens quod parum recte rem curasset. Sed nunc redibunt in gratiam omnes et ego liberabor a negligentiae nota. Scio et ego quorundam in piscandis epistulis studia et vere etiam atque etiam videndum est, quem quis ad consilia admittat, non quod sibi tam a vero metuendum sit, quam cavendum, ne quid falsi narretur (cf. Iustus Lodvicus DECIUS (DECJUSZ, DIETZ) to Ioannes DANTISCUS Cracow (Kraków), 1541-06-16, CIDTC IDL 2440⌊IDL 2440cf. Iustus Lodvicus DECIUS (DECJUSZ, DIETZ) to Ioannes DANTISCUS Cracow (Kraków), 1541-06-16, CIDTC IDL 2440⌋: BCz, 247 p. 361-364). Cf. footnote 15, 23.

[4] A reference to the court of Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊Sigismund ISigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ and -⌊Bona Sforza-⌋, who resided in Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌊VilniusVilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌋ from May 1540 to May 1542 (cf. Antoni Gąsiorowski, "Itineraria dwu ostatnich Jagiellonów", in: Studia Historyczne 16 (1973) 2, p. 249–275 ⌊Gąsiorowski 1973cf. Antoni Gąsiorowski, "Itineraria dwu ostatnich Jagiellonów", in: Studia Historyczne 16 (1973) 2, p. 249–275 ⌋, p. 267).

[5] Most likely a reference to the unrest linked to the Reformation.

[6] Dantiscus offered a similar opinion with regard to the lost letters that he had sent from Heilsberg (Lidzbark, Heilsberga), town in Ermland (Warmia), the main seat of the bishops of Ermland, now Lidzbark Warmiński⌊HeilsbergHeilsberg (Lidzbark, Heilsberga), town in Ermland (Warmia), the main seat of the bishops of Ermland, now Lidzbark Warmiński⌋ (Lidzbark Warmiński) on January 10, 1541 (cf. footnote 12) in his letter to Heilsberg (Lidzbark, Heilsberga), town in Ermland (Warmia), the main seat of the bishops of Ermland, now Lidzbark Warmiński⌊Cornelis DeSchepperHeilsberg (Lidzbark, Heilsberga), town in Ermland (Warmia), the main seat of the bishops of Ermland, now Lidzbark Warmiński⌋ of March 4, 1541: Omnia apud nos, quod prius non fuit, fiunt suspecta. Brevi, quomodo res acta sit, experiemur. Haec Te latere nolui, ut scias ad Te et alias omnes esse duplicatas, quas non misissem, nisi illarum a me in novissimis facta fuisset mentio, ne, amici mei, putaretis me confingere, quod semper, ut nosti, a me fuit alienissimum (rough copy in Dantiscus’ hand, cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] Heilsberg (Lidzbark), 1541-03-04, CIDTC IDL 2394⌊IDL 2394cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] Heilsberg (Lidzbark), 1541-03-04, CIDTC IDL 2394⌋: BCz, 245, p. 233, the left margin). .

[7] Herberstein left Vienna on September 1, 1540 arriving in Cracow on September 7, to leave on September 10 for Vilnius - capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From may 1540 to May 1542, Sigismund I resided there with Queen Bona Sforza and Sigismund II Augustus. It was Herbersteins task to talk to the king of Poland about the situation in Hungary after the death of Janos I Zapolya. He arrived in Vilnius on September 26 at the latest, and departed on October 5 (see Gąsiorowski, p. 267; Herberstein 1855, p. 324-326; Herberstein 1560, f. D4r; Voigt, p. 279-280; EFE, XLVIII, No. 378. p. 132, No. 379, p. 134, No. 383, p. 142; No. 394, p. 174-175. .

[8] Decius left Cracow for Silesia on October 16, two days before Herbersteins arrival in Cracow from Vilnius (see Herberstein 1855, p. 327; EFE, XLVIII, No. 378-379, p. 132, 134, cf. IDL 2379: BCz, 245, p. 237cp.

[9] After dispatching the letter to Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊De SchepperCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ on March 1, 1541, Dantiscus realized that his previous letter to De Schepper, dated January 10, 1541 (cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] [Heils]berg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 2268⌊IDL 2268cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] [Heils]berg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 2268⌋), had been lost with the entire fascicule of letters of the same date (see cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551⌊IDL 2551cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551⌋). Therefore he ordered that it be reconstructed from the copy and, with an additional letter of explanation dated March 4, re-sent it to De Schepper (cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER Heilsberg (Lidzbark)?, 1541-04-04?, CIDTC IDL 6473, letter lost⌊IDL 6473cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER Heilsberg (Lidzbark)?, 1541-04-04?, CIDTC IDL 6473, letter lost⌋). It is probably that letter, together with other letters of Dantiscus (to Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊Nicolas Perrenot de GranvelleNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋ and other people close to the Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555); King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556); King of Naples and Sicily; King of the Romans (1519–1530); Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation, elected in 1519, crowned in 1530, and abdicated in 1556; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna of Castile⌊emperorCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555); King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556); King of Naples and Sicily; King of the Romans (1519–1530); Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation, elected in 1519, crowned in 1530, and abdicated in 1556; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna of Castile⌋) and his own letter of April 4, 1541, which Duke Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 until his death Duke in Prussia as a vassal of the Polish king; son of Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach the Elder and Sophia Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon; nephew of Sigismund I Jagiellon, King of Poland; founder of the University of Königsberg, 1544⌊Albrecht von HohenzollernAlbrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 until his death Duke in Prussia as a vassal of the Polish king; son of Frederick V of Brandenburg-Ansbach the Elder and Sophia Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon; nephew of Sigismund I Jagiellon, King of Poland; founder of the University of Königsberg, 1544⌋ sent to the Sigismund I’s envoy Stanisław Maciejowski (†1563), 1536 land scribe (pisarz grodzki) of Sandomierz, 1543 Castellan of Żarnów, 1544 Castellan of Radom, 1545-1550 Castellan of Lublin, 1550-1553 Castellan of Wojnicz and Steward of the court of Barbara Radziwiłł, 1553 Castellan of Sandomierz, 1553-1563 Marshal of the Royal Court, 1541 envoy of Queen Bona Sforza to Emperor Charles V on affairs concerning her mother's inheritance (PSB 19, 1, p. 69-71)⌊Stanisław MaciejowskiStanisław Maciejowski (†1563), 1536 land scribe (pisarz grodzki) of Sandomierz, 1543 Castellan of Żarnów, 1544 Castellan of Radom, 1545-1550 Castellan of Lublin, 1550-1553 Castellan of Wojnicz and Steward of the court of Barbara Radziwiłł, 1553 Castellan of Sandomierz, 1553-1563 Marshal of the Royal Court, 1541 envoy of Queen Bona Sforza to Emperor Charles V on affairs concerning her mother's inheritance (PSB 19, 1, p. 69-71)⌋, who was to persuade the Reich diet to annul Duke Albrecht’s banishment (cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 36. Res Polonicae ex Archivo Regiomontano, VI pars (AD. 1538-1542), vol. 36, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1975 ⌊EFE 36cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 36. Res Polonicae ex Archivo Regiomontano, VI pars (AD. 1538-1542), vol. 36, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1975 ⌋, No. 702, p. 154-155, LVII, No. 1927, p. 73-74).

[10] Around 1540 Gustav I Vasa was convinced he was under threat of an attack not only from the emperor and the legitimists, but primarily from Denmark and Ducal Prussia. King of Denmark Christian III did not actually plan an attack, or at least Gustav I’s fears were seriously exaggerated. The situation was resolved by a Swedish-Danish treaty signed in ⌊Brömsebro⌋ on September 14, 1541 (Roberts, p. 124-129).

[11] A reference to the three-year truce signed in May 1537 by the king of Denmark, Christian III, and Mary of Hungary, the regent of the Netherlands. One of the consequences was that the king of Denmark assumed the role of mediator in Gustav I’s dispute with Lübeck (Roberts, p. 101-102, 125-126).

[12] A reference to the Order of the Brothers of the Sword in Livonia (see ID 434), which as a faithful ally of the Habsburgs was supposed to act against Denmark and its ally Ducal Prussia. Trying to gain allies in case of an attack from Christian III, Gustav I Vasa sent George Norman as an envoy to the grand master of the Livonian Knights (Roberts, p. 127).

[13] The fleets were on alert due to the tension between Sweden (Suecia)⌊SwedenSweden (Suecia)⌋ and Denmark (Dania), the kingdom⌊DenmarkDenmark (Dania), the kingdom⌋ and between Sweden and Lübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, at the mouth of the River Trave, the leading city of the Hanseatic League⌊LübeckLübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, at the mouth of the River Trave, the leading city of the Hanseatic League⌋. England⌊EnglandEngland⌋ was taking Lübeck’s side, while France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊FranceFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ was inclined to support Christian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway; 1523-1559 Duke of Schleswig and Holstein; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first wife, Anna of Brandenburg⌊Christian IIIChristian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway; 1523-1559 Duke of Schleswig and Holstein; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first wife, Anna of Brandenburg⌋, entering into an alliance with him two months after the treaty of Brömsebro (see cf. Michael Roberts, The Early Vasas. A history of Sweden, 1523-1611, Cambridge, 1968 ⌊ROBERTScf. Michael Roberts, The Early Vasas. A history of Sweden, 1523-1611, Cambridge, 1968 ⌋, p. 100-102, 125-126, 130).

[14] Most likely a reference to the major towns of Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌊Royal PrussiaRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌋: Gdańsk (Danzig, Dantiscum), city in northern Poland, on the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of the Vistula on the Bay of Gdańsk, the largest and wealthiest of the three Great Prussian Cities, alongside Thorn (Toruń) and Elbing (Elbląg); represented in the Council of Royal Prussia and a member of the Hanseatic League⌊Gdańsk (Danzig)Gdańsk (Danzig, Dantiscum), city in northern Poland, on the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of the Vistula on the Bay of Gdańsk, the largest and wealthiest of the three Great Prussian Cities, alongside Thorn (Toruń) and Elbing (Elbląg); represented in the Council of Royal Prussia and a member of the Hanseatic League⌋, Thorn (Toruń, Thorunium), city in northern Poland, on the Vistula river in its lower reaches, main residence of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno); one of the three Great Prussian Cities (along with Gdańsk and Elbing) which had representatives in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌊Thorn (Toruń)Thorn (Toruń, Thorunium), city in northern Poland, on the Vistula river in its lower reaches, main residence of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno); one of the three Great Prussian Cities (along with Gdańsk and Elbing) which had representatives in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌋ and Elbing (Elbląg), city in northern Poland, in Pomerania, on the Vistula Lagoon, one of the three Great Prussian Cities, alongside Gdańsk (Danzig) and Thorn (Toruń), represented in the Prussian Council; member of the Hanseatic League⌊Elbing (Elbląg)Elbing (Elbląg), city in northern Poland, in Pomerania, on the Vistula Lagoon, one of the three Great Prussian Cities, alongside Gdańsk (Danzig) and Thorn (Toruń), represented in the Prussian Council; member of the Hanseatic League⌋.

[15] Dantiscus uses the metaphor of fire – conflagration – to describe the Reformation.

[16] Dantiscus probably means pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌊Paul IIIPaul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌋.

[17] A reference to the negotiations on Hungarian matters which Herberstein was involved in from the end of February 1541, and which culminated in the mission to Isabella Jagiellon (*1519 – †1559), 1539-1559 Queen of Hungary; from 1539 wife of John Zápolya, King of Hungary, mother of John II Sigismund Zápolya; daughter of Sigismund Jagiellon, King of Poland, and Bona Sforza⌊Isabella ZápolyaIsabella Jagiellon (*1519 – †1559), 1539-1559 Queen of Hungary; from 1539 wife of John Zápolya, King of Hungary, mother of John II Sigismund Zápolya; daughter of Sigismund Jagiellon, King of Poland, and Bona Sforza⌋ in August and in September to Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌊Esztergom (Gran)Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌋, to the camp of Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊Suleiman ISuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ (cf. Sigmund Herberstein, Sigmunds von Herberstein Selbstbiographie, ed. by Th. G. von Karajan, Wien, 1855, series: Fontes Rerum Austriacarum I Abteilung, Scriptores Band 1 ⌊HERBERSTEIN 1855cf. Sigmund Herberstein, Sigmunds von Herberstein Selbstbiographie, ed. by Th. G. von Karajan, Wien, 1855, series: Fontes Rerum Austriacarum I Abteilung, Scriptores Band 1 ⌋, p. 329-337; cf. Gratae posteritati Sigismundus liber baro in Herberstein Neyperg et Guettenhag, primarius ducatus Carinthiae hereditariusque et camerarius … actiones suas a puero ad annum usque aetatis suae septuagesimum quartum brevi commentariolo notatas reliquit, Vienna, Raphael Hofhalter, 1560 ⌊HERBERSTEIN 1560cf. Gratae posteritati Sigismundus liber baro in Herberstein Neyperg et Guettenhag, primarius ducatus Carinthiae hereditariusque et camerarius … actiones suas a puero ad annum usque aetatis suae septuagesimum quartum brevi commentariolo notatas reliquit, Vienna, Raphael Hofhalter, 1560 ⌋, f. D4r-D4v, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 43. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIII pars H B A, B 2a, 1534-65, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1978 ⌊EFE 43cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 43. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIII pars H B A, B 2a, 1534-65, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1978 ⌋, No. 11, p. 8, No. 14, p.10; cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊HAMMER-PURGSTALL, IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 236-238; cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 143; cf. IDL 2551, IDL 2442).

[18] Dantiscus offered a similar reflection in his letter from May 1543 (see IDL 2647). .

[19] Dantiscus was especially interested in the result of the religious debates conducted at the Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌊Reich dietImperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌋ in Regensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria⌊RegensburgRegensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria⌋ (see letter No. 32, footnote 17) which, as a continuation of the debate in Haguenau (Hagenau), town in Alsace, north of Strasbourg (today in northeastern France, Bas-Rhin département)⌊HagenauHaguenau (Hagenau), town in Alsace, north of Strasbourg (today in northeastern France, Bas-Rhin département)⌋ (see IDL 2341), were to lead to the pacification of religious and political relations in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌊ReichHoly Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌋. In his cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] [Heils]berg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 2268⌊lettercf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to Cornelis [DE SCHEPPER] [Heils]berg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-01-10, CIDTC IDL 2268⌋ to Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelis De SchepperCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite and diplomat in Habsburg service; close friend of Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ of January 10, 1541 (IDL 2268, (re-sent on March 4 of that year), Dantiscus wrote: Utinam in iis comitiis, quae diebus istis Ratisbonae coire dicuntur, tandem solide aliquid, quo religionis negotium concorditer transigeretur, statui possit (cf. cf. Athina Lexutt, Rechtfertigungsverständnis in den Religionsgesprächen von Hagenau 1540/41, Göttingen, 1996 ⌊Lexuttcf. Athina Lexutt, Rechtfertigungsverständnis in den Religionsgesprächen von Hagenau 1540/41, Göttingen, 1996 ⌋, p. 43-45; cf. cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-06-25, CIDTC IDL 2442⌊IDL 2442cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-06-25, CIDTC IDL 2442⌋). Undoubtedly, he was also looking forward to hear about the results of Stanisław Maciejowski mission (cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 57. Res Polonicae ex Archivo Regiomontano, XXVII pars (AD. 1541-1542), vol. 57, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1983 ⌊EFE 57cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 57. Res Polonicae ex Archivo Regiomontano, XXVII pars (AD. 1541-1542), vol. 57, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1983 ⌋, No. 1927-1928, p. 67-76, No. 1989-1990, p. 119-120, No. 2001, p. 126-128, No. 2035, p. 142-144).