Reverendissimo et excellentissimo Praesuli et Domino, domino Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioanni DantiscoIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ episcopo Varmiensi etc., domino et patri ex animo honorandissimo et observandissimo

In Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊PrussiaPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋

Zu Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński, Heilsberga), town in Ermland (Warmia), the main seat of the bishops of Ermland⌊HeylsbergHeilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński, Heilsberga), town in Ermland (Warmia), the main seat of the bishops of Ermland⌋

Reverendissime et excellentissime Praesul, Domine et Pater honorandissime et observandissime.

Non dubito, quin, qui istic estis viri boni atque amatores reipublicae Christianae, omnes magno studio teneamini intelligendi ea, quae vel Regensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria, on the Danube river⌊RatisbonaeRegensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria, on the Danube river⌋ pro stabilienda domi pace, vel Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudaeBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ pro depellendo omnium hoste immanissimo Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊ThurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ aguntur aut acta sunt, et sane non minore nos desiderio tenemur cupidissime exspectantes, si quid exspectationi nostrae consonum et conveniens nuntietur. Neque tamen hactenus quicquam rescire licuit certi, nisi quod omnium vocibus celebrari audimus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ nostri summam diligentiam in ambiendis singulis, ut tandem a privatis amicitiis inimicitiisve sese vertant ad rempublicam, qua sine frustra sunt omnia. Et fama quidem fert in hoc tam pio opere promovendo eos sese praestare tepidos, quos maxime oporteret secus facere. Id si ita est, taedere nos potest temporum istorum, in quibus tam corrupta videmus esse iudicia hominum, aut accersendus est angulus aliquis, ubi procul a strepitu talium nuntiorum liceat exspectare cf. Vulg. Apc 4.1.1-3 post haec vidi et ecce ostium apertum in caelo et vox prima quam audivi tamquam tubae loquentis mecum dicens ascende huc et ostendam tibi quae oportet fieri post haec ⌊vocem tubaecf. Vulg. Apc 4.1.1-3 post haec vidi et ecce ostium apertum in caelo et vox prima quam audivi tamquam tubae loquentis mecum dicens ascende huc et ostendam tibi quae oportet fieri post haec ⌋. Sed quid facias? Deplorare quidem hunc statum rerum possumus, in melius reformare non possumus.

Iamque Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ non diu Regensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria, on the Danube river⌊RatisbonaeRegensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria, on the Danube river⌋ haesurus et The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcaeThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ propediem ad Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ futuri nuntiantur, utrumque nostro magno cum incommodo, nam et praesentis Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ auctoritas ad plerorumque animos confirmandos multum habet momenti, et The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ adventus exercitui nostro nondum praesidiis Germanici imperii adaucto metuendus, forte etiam et periculosus erit. Pestis enim valida saevire dicitur in castris, quam militaris petulantia accedente aestu ferventioris sideris non videtur esse imminutura. Deus pro sua clementia det principibus Christianis in animum consilia, quae utilissima sunt, atque eadem adimat e mentibus adversariorum crucis.

Quae hic geruntur, breviter accipe. Superior[i] mense celebratae sunt hic nuptiae inter François I de Lorraine (*1517 – †1545), 1544–1545 Duke of Lorraine; on 10 July 1541 married Christina of Denmark⌊FranciscumFrançois I de Lorraine (*1517 – †1545), 1544–1545 Duke of Lorraine; on 10 July 1541 married Christina of Denmark⌋ ducem Duchy of Bar, duchy in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1480 united to the Duchy of Lorraine, which since 1766 has belonged to France⌊BariDuchy of Bar, duchy in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1480 united to the Duchy of Lorraine, which since 1766 has belonged to France⌋ filium seniorem Antoine le Bon (*1489 – †1544), Duke of Lorraine (1508-1544); the eldest son of René II, Duke of Lorraine (MONTER, p. 38-50)⌊ducis LothoringiaeAntoine le Bon (*1489 – †1544), Duke of Lorraine (1508-1544); the eldest son of René II, Duke of Lorraine (MONTER, p. 38-50)⌋ e[t] dominam Christina of Denmark (Christina von Oldenburg) (*1521 – †1590), daughter of Christian II of Denmark and Isabella of Austria, niece of Emperor Charles V, wife of Francesco II Sforza (1534-1535) and François I de Lorraine (1541-1545)⌊ChristinamChristina of Denmark (Christina von Oldenburg) (*1521 – †1590), daughter of Christian II of Denmark and Isabella of Austria, niece of Emperor Charles V, wife of Francesco II Sforza (1534-1535) and François I de Lorraine (1541-1545)⌋ filiam Christian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌊Christierni regisChristian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌋, viduam Francesco II Sforza (*1495 – †1535), 1521-1535 the last Duke of Milan from the Sforza family; son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este⌊Francisci SphortiaeFrancesco II Sforza (*1495 – †1535), 1521-1535 the last Duke of Milan from the Sforza family; son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este⌋ ducis Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊MediolaniMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋. Neque multo post, postquam invisisset Breda, city in the Habsburg Netherlands, Duchy of Brabant, 50 km NE of Antwerp, residence of the Counts of Nassau, today in the Netherlands⌊BredamBreda, city in the Habsburg Netherlands, Duchy of Brabant, 50 km NE of Antwerp, residence of the Counts of Nassau, today in the Netherlands⌋ urbem René de Châlon (Renatus of Châlon) (*1518 – †1544), 1536-1544 prince of Orange; count of Nassau, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Guelders; son of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (CE, vol. 1, p. 291)⌊principis AuriacensisRené de Châlon (Renatus of Châlon) (*1518 – †1544), 1536-1544 prince of Orange; count of Nassau, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Guelders; son of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (CE, vol. 1, p. 291)⌋, abierunt coniuges in Lorraine (Lothringen), duchy in the Holy Roman Empire and on the borderland of the Kingdom of France, today in northeastern France⌊LothoringiamLorraine (Lothringen), duchy in the Holy Roman Empire and on the borderland of the Kingdom of France, today in northeastern France⌋. Post eorum abitionem, René de Châlon (Renatus of Châlon) (*1518 – †1544), 1536-1544 prince of Orange; count of Nassau, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Guelders; son of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (CE, vol. 1, p. 291)⌊princeps ille AuriacensisRené de Châlon (Renatus of Châlon) (*1518 – †1544), 1536-1544 prince of Orange; count of Nassau, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Guelders; son of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (CE, vol. 1, p. 291)⌋ concessit in Holland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌊HollandiamHolland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌋, cuius est institutus gubernator, et dominus Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌊Maximilianus comes de Bur[en]Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌋ in Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌊FrysiamFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌋.

Circa eadem tempora, Wilhelm V Der Reiche (Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg) (*1516 – †1592), 1538-1543 Duke of Guelders and Zutphen, 1539-1592 Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. During the 3rd Guelderian War that followed, France he was an ally to Guelders against Charles V. His predecessor, Duke Charles of Guelders, also concluded an alliance with France (MÜLLER)⌊Guilielmus dux Iuliaci et CliviaeWilhelm V Der Reiche (Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg) (*1516 – †1592), 1538-1543 Duke of Guelders and Zutphen, 1539-1592 Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. During the 3rd Guelderian War that followed, France he was an ally to Guelders against Charles V. His predecessor, Duke Charles of Guelders, also concluded an alliance with France (MÜLLER)⌋ versatus est in aula The French ⌊FrancorumThe French ⌋. Cui desponsa est Joanne d'Albret de Navarre (*1528 – †1572), wife of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, daughter of Henry II, King of Navarre, and Margaret of Angoulême⌊filiaJoanne d'Albret de Navarre (*1528 – †1572), wife of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, daughter of Henry II, King of Navarre, and Margaret of Angoulême⌋ Margaret of Angoulême (Marguerite of Navarre) (*1492 – †1549), sister of King of France Francis I, 1509 married Charles IV, Duke of Alençon, who died in 1525; from 1526 Queen consort of King Henry II of Navarre ⌊sororisMargaret of Angoulême (Marguerite of Navarre) (*1492 – †1549), sister of King of France Francis I, 1509 married Charles IV, Duke of Alençon, who died in 1525; from 1526 Queen consort of King Henry II of Navarre ⌋ Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regis ChristianissimiFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ et Henry II of Navarre (*1503 – †1555), titular King of Navarre, his rules were questioned by kings of Spain; 1525 captured in the Battle of Pavia, but managed to escape, later married Marguerite, the sister of King Francis I of France⌊Henrici de LabrechtHenry II of Navarre (*1503 – †1555), titular King of Navarre, his rules were questioned by kings of Spain; 1525 captured in the Battle of Pavia, but managed to escape, later married Marguerite, the sister of King Francis I of France⌋, qui se vocat regem Kingdom of Navarre (Navarre)⌊NavarraeKingdom of Navarre (Navarre)⌋. De quo matrimonio variant plerique. Alii in aliam partem interpretantur, sed non desunt, qui negent matrimonium consummatum iri, quod virgo nondum viripotens et rex consilium ex tempore capturus videtur. Quicquid id est, vident[ur] haec adversus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ cudi, quemadmodum et revera fiunt, sed non deerit maiestati ipsius caesare[ae] Deus, qui novit, qua intentione hactenus bonum publicum procuraverit. Sunt, qui statim ab eodem Henry II of Navarre (*1503 – †1555), titular King of Navarre, his rules were questioned by kings of Spain; 1525 captured in the Battle of Pavia, but managed to escape, later married Marguerite, the sister of King Francis I of France⌊regeHenry II of Navarre (*1503 – †1555), titular King of Navarre, his rules were questioned by kings of Spain; 1525 captured in the Battle of Pavia, but managed to escape, later married Marguerite, the sister of King Francis I of France⌋ bellum nobis illatum iri credunt. Sunt, qui existimant Henry II of Navarre (*1503 – †1555), titular King of Navarre, his rules were questioned by kings of Spain; 1525 captured in the Battle of Pavia, but managed to escape, later married Marguerite, the sister of King Francis I of France⌊illumHenry II of Navarre (*1503 – †1555), titular King of Navarre, his rules were questioned by kings of Spain; 1525 captured in the Battle of Pavia, but managed to escape, later married Marguerite, the sister of King Francis I of France⌋ dependere ab occasione, quod verosimilius est.

Dominus Claude Dodieu de Vély (Claudius Dodeus) (†1558), French diplomat; French diplomat, 1536 ambassador in Rome and envoy of King Francis I to Emperor Charles V, 1537 Master of Requests and councillor to Francis I, 1540 ambassador in the Habsburg Netherlands, 1541 Bishop of Rennes (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 379, 408)⌊de VelyClaude Dodieu de Vély (Claudius Dodeus) (†1558), French diplomat; French diplomat, 1536 ambassador in Rome and envoy of King Francis I to Emperor Charles V, 1537 Master of Requests and councillor to Francis I, 1540 ambassador in the Habsburg Netherlands, 1541 Bishop of Rennes (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 379, 408)⌋, qui ann[o] tricesimo secundo orator fuit praefati Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regis FrancorumFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋, adhuc apud Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ agit. Est item apud Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊ipsius maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ illustris dominus Louis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌊a PratoLouis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌋, ex aulicis Philibert de la Baume diplomat in the service of Emperor Charles V; Baron of Saint-Amour and Montfalconnet, Count of Coiligny-le-Neuf⌊baro de MontfalconnetPhilibert de la Baume diplomat in the service of Emperor Charles V; Baron of Saint-Amour and Montfalconnet, Count of Coiligny-le-Neuf⌋ et novitii plerique, nostro tempore pueri. Superest adhuc apud René de Châlon (Renatus of Châlon) (*1518 – †1544), 1536-1544 prince of Orange; count of Nassau, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Guelders; son of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (CE, vol. 1, p. 291)⌊principem AuriacensemRené de Châlon (Renatus of Châlon) (*1518 – †1544), 1536-1544 prince of Orange; count of Nassau, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Guelders; son of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (CE, vol. 1, p. 291)⌋, Rosey courtier of Emperor Charles V, later in the service of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda⌊RoseyRosey courtier of Emperor Charles V, later in the service of Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda⌋ et Hourron praefectus domus of Henry III of Nassau-Breda, then a courtier of Emperor Charles V ⌊HourronHourron praefectus domus of Henry III of Nassau-Breda, then a courtier of Emperor Charles V ⌋ praefectus domus illustris quondam domini Hendrik III of Nassau-Breda (*1483 – †1538), son of Count Johann V of Nassau-Dillenburg and Elisabeth of Hessen, married to Mencia de Mendoza, Marquess of Zenete, daughter and heiress of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar y Mendoza, first Marquis of Zenete; Count of Nassau; from 1499 in the service of Archduke Philip of Habsburg as his advisor and military commander in the wars against France and Gueders (1507, 1514), 1515-1522 Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland; 1521 Grand Chamberlain of Charles V of Habsburg (from 1522 to 1529 at the Spanish court), in 1530 followed Charles V to the coronation in Bologna, and attended the Diet of Augsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 5)⌊Henrici de NassawHendrik III of Nassau-Breda (*1483 – †1538), son of Count Johann V of Nassau-Dillenburg and Elisabeth of Hessen, married to Mencia de Mendoza, Marquess of Zenete, daughter and heiress of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar y Mendoza, first Marquis of Zenete; Count of Nassau; from 1499 in the service of Archduke Philip of Habsburg as his advisor and military commander in the wars against France and Gueders (1507, 1514), 1515-1522 Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland; 1521 Grand Chamberlain of Charles V of Habsburg (from 1522 to 1529 at the Spanish court), in 1530 followed Charles V to the coronation in Bologna, and attended the Diet of Augsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 5)⌋, neque multo plures. In hanc exiguitatem re dactus est ordo noster.

Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊CaesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ parat ingentem expeditionem maritimam traiecturus in Africa, the continent⌊AphricamAfrica, the continent⌋,[1] uti videtur, nam Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniaeSpain (Hispania)⌋ ingentem numerum navium parant et miles ex Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋que satis numerosus conscribitur. Initium profectionis aiunt fore circa Kalendas Augusti, quamquam sunt, qui citius futurum credunt, quod mihi non videtur factu possibile. Interea praestolabimur nuntium de The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcisThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et de conclusione Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌊conventus imperialisImperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌋.

Ego, ut de me aliquid audias, haereo in hac aula apud serenissimam Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊reginam MariamMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋, rarus domi, frequens peraegre, quod incipit displicere. De domino Jakob von Barthen (Warten, Barten) (*ca. 1505 – †ca. 1565), Gdańsk burgher, doctor of both canon and civil law, Melanchthon's student, acquaintance of Cornelis De Schepper; from 1529 secretary of Riga; from 1534 at the latest in the service of Gdańsk (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 281-282; MBW T 11, p. 116)⌊Iacobo a BarthemJakob von Barthen (Warten, Barten) (*ca. 1505 – †ca. 1565), Gdańsk burgher, doctor of both canon and civil law, Melanchthon's student, acquaintance of Cornelis De Schepper; from 1529 secretary of Riga; from 1534 at the latest in the service of Gdańsk (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 281-282; MBW T 11, p. 116)⌋ nihil iampridem audio, precor tamen illi felicia omnia pro candore ingenii ipsius. Sed paene oblitus eram, quod frequenter scriptum ad te volebam. Missa est per eundem Jakob von Barthen (Warten, Barten) (*ca. 1505 – †ca. 1565), Gdańsk burgher, doctor of both canon and civil law, Melanchthon's student, acquaintance of Cornelis De Schepper; from 1529 secretary of Riga; from 1534 at the latest in the service of Gdańsk (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 281-282; MBW T 11, p. 116)⌊Iacobum a BarthemJakob von Barthen (Warten, Barten) (*ca. 1505 – †ca. 1565), Gdańsk burgher, doctor of both canon and civil law, Melanchthon's student, acquaintance of Cornelis De Schepper; from 1529 secretary of Riga; from 1534 at the latest in the service of Gdańsk (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 281-282; MBW T 11, p. 116)⌋ ad me cf. Georg Joachim Rheticus, De libris revolutionum eruditissimi viri et mathematici excellentissimi, reverendi domini doctoris Nicolai Copernici Torunnaei, canonici Varmiensis, per quendam iuvenem mathematicae studiosum narratio prima, Gedanum, Franciscus Rhodus, 1540 ⌊introductiocf. Georg Joachim Rheticus, De libris revolutionum eruditissimi viri et mathematici excellentissimi, reverendi domini doctoris Nicolai Copernici Torunnaei, canonici Varmiensis, per quendam iuvenem mathematicae studiosum narratio prima, Gedanum, Franciscus Rhodus, 1540 ⌋ quaedam per Georg Joachim Rheticus (*1514 – †1574), mathematician, cartographer, physician, pupil of Nicolaus Copernicus⌊iuvenemGeorg Joachim Rheticus (*1514 – †1574), mathematician, cartographer, physician, pupil of Nicolaus Copernicus⌋, ut videtur, mathematicarum artium non ignarum, in cf. Nicolaus Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium caelestium, Nuremberg, 1543 ⌊opuscf. Nicolaus Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium caelestium, Nuremberg, 1543 ⌋ doctoris Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) (*1473 – †1543), humanist, physician and astronomer, doctor of canon law; nephew of Łukasz Watzenrode, Bishop of Ermland; 1497-1543 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1511-1513, 1520, 1524-1525, 1529 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1523 General Administrator of the bishopric after the death of Fabian von Lusian (Luzjański) (KOPICZKO 2, p. 161; SBKW, p. 123-124)⌊Nicolai CoperniciNicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) (*1473 – †1543), humanist, physician and astronomer, doctor of canon law; nephew of Łukasz Watzenrode, Bishop of Ermland; 1497-1543 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1511-1513, 1520, 1524-1525, 1529 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1523 General Administrator of the bishopric after the death of Fabian von Lusian (Luzjański) (KOPICZKO 2, p. 161; SBKW, p. 123-124)⌋ Torunnei, canonici Varmiensis.[2] Ea cf. Georg Joachim Rheticus, De libris revolutionum eruditissimi viri et mathematici excellentissimi, reverendi domini doctoris Nicolai Copernici Torunnaei, canonici Varmiensis, per quendam iuvenem mathematicae studiosum narratio prima, Gedanum, Franciscus Rhodus, 1540 ⌊introductiocf. Georg Joachim Rheticus, De libris revolutionum eruditissimi viri et mathematici excellentissimi, reverendi domini doctoris Nicolai Copernici Torunnaei, canonici Varmiensis, per quendam iuvenem mathematicae studiosum narratio prima, Gedanum, Franciscus Rhodus, 1540 ⌋ sive praegustatio effecit, ut celebre factum sit nomen praefati Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) (*1473 – †1543), humanist, physician and astronomer, doctor of canon law; nephew of Łukasz Watzenrode, Bishop of Ermland; 1497-1543 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1511-1513, 1520, 1524-1525, 1529 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1523 General Administrator of the bishopric after the death of Fabian von Lusian (Luzjański) (KOPICZKO 2, p. 161; SBKW, p. 123-124)⌊CoperniciNicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) (*1473 – †1543), humanist, physician and astronomer, doctor of canon law; nephew of Łukasz Watzenrode, Bishop of Ermland; 1497-1543 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1511-1513, 1520, 1524-1525, 1529 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1523 General Administrator of the bishopric after the death of Fabian von Lusian (Luzjański) (KOPICZKO 2, p. 161; SBKW, p. 123-124)⌋, utque plerique viri boni interque eos Gemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon) (*1508 – †1555), Netherlandish leading theoretical mathematician and practicing physician in Louvain, scholar, and tutor of Gerardus Mercator, studied medicine, mathematics and astronomy at the University in Louvain (1526), where he became a professor of medicine and mathematics, he applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making (HALLYN; VAN ORTROY)⌊GemmaGemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon) (*1508 – †1555), Netherlandish leading theoretical mathematician and practicing physician in Louvain, scholar, and tutor of Gerardus Mercator, studied medicine, mathematics and astronomy at the University in Louvain (1526), where he became a professor of medicine and mathematics, he applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making (HALLYN; VAN ORTROY)⌋ tuus magnopere anhelent ad evulgationem cf. Nicolaus Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium caelestium, Nuremberg, 1543 ⌊operis principaliscf. Nicolaus Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium caelestium, Nuremberg, 1543 ⌋, si quae aliquando futura est, quo de, ut ad nos rescribas, etiam atque etiam precor.

Interea felicissime vale et me meaque habe tibi commendatissima.

Brussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌊BruxellaeBrussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌋, decima quinta Iulii anno Domini MDXLI.

Eiusdem Reverendissimae et Excellentissimae Dominationis Vestrae humilis inservitor et filius Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelius ScepperusCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋

[1 ] De Schepper refers here to the plans of Charles V, concerning an expedition to Africa, which took place in autumn 1541 with the purpose of conquering Algiers. A few days after reaching the place, however, on the night of 24 to 25 October, the imperial fleet was destoyed by a storm, which forced the Emperor to retreat

[2 ] For more about the reception of Copernicus‘ teachings by Gemma Frisius, see WATERBOLK