Dem durchlauchten, hochgebornenn fursten und hern, hern Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 to his death Duke in Prussia as a liegeman of the Polish king; son of Friedrich V of Brandenburg der Ältere and Sophia Jagiellon (daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon), nephew of Sigismund I, King of Poland; founder of the university in Königsberg (1544)⌊AlbrechtenAlbrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 to his death Duke in Prussia as a liegeman of the Polish king; son of Friedrich V of Brandenburg der Ältere and Sophia Jagiellon (daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon), nephew of Sigismund I, King of Poland; founder of the university in Königsberg (1544)⌋, margraffen zu Brandenburg⌊BrandenburgBrandenburg⌋ etc. [un]d hertzogen in Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊PreÿssenPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ etc. meinem ... lieben hern zu eigen [hand]

Durchlauchterr, hochgeborner furst, / freuntlicherr, lieberr herr und nachparr. / Meynn gancz willigenn und freuntlichen dienst zuvoran. /

Ich hab gesternn Ewer Furstlicher Irbarkeit cf. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach to Ioannes DANTISCUS Königsberg, 1533-07-23, CIDTC IDL 5158⌊briffcf. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach to Ioannes DANTISCUS Königsberg, 1533-07-23, CIDTC IDL 5158⌋ / mit sundremm wolgefallenn entphangen, / daraus ich Ewer Irbarkeit maynung / und freuntlichenn willen gen mir gernn vornomenn, / und bedanck mich hochlichen der mhue und freuntlicher sorgfeldigheit, die Ewer Irbarkeit mir zum bestenn bey sich tregt. / Wor ich ouch das selbtige werde ummer wissen und vormugenn treulich und fleissig zu beschulden und vordynenn, / sol mich Ewer Irbarkeit nicht nochlessig findenn. /

Was belangt denn hern Johann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌊doctorr ReynekJohann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌋, / wil ich Ewer Irbarkeit wie meymm vil liebennn hernn und hochem freunde vortrauter weis nicht bergen, / das mein erste kuntschafft mit im ist vor III joren zu Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugspurgAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ uffmm Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌊reichstageImperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌋ gewest. / Wart zu mir an mein tisch von hern Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelio ScepperoCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋, / der iczunder nicht lengst vorgangen vonn Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊kayserlicher maiestetCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ aus Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungernnHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ zum Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurkennSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ genn Constantinople (Istanbul, Constantinopolis), city and capital of the Ottoman Empire, today in western Turkey⌊ConstatinopelConstantinople (Istanbul, Constantinopolis), city and capital of the Ottoman Empire, today in western Turkey⌋ geschickt ist wordenn, / mit gebrocht / und mit mir bekant gemacht / wie einer, der neulich aus England⌊EngellandEngland⌋ w[er] komenn unnd ...ller hendel heimlich... France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊FrancreichFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋, / Engellandt / un..., welche er Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊romischer koniglicher maiestetFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ / durch underredung mit hern Wilhelm von Rogendorf (*1481 – †1541), military commander and diplomat in the service of the Habsburgs, especially for Hungarian affairs; after 1506 military commander in Italy, 1517 Stadtholder of Frisia, 1524 Commander-in-chief of the drabants (yeomen) of the royal guard, Governor of Catalonia, Roussillon and Cerdanya, 1527 chief steward at the court of Ferdinand I, 1534 President of his Privy Council, 1541 commander in Hungary for the purpose of capturing Buda, 1515 imperial envoy (together with Johan Cuspinian and Lorenz Saurer), at the First Congress of Vienna, in 1517 conducted negotiations in the Habsburg Netherlands regarding the consideration by Maximilian I of the new marriage between Sigismund I and Eleanor of Austria (CEID 2/1, p. 110-111, footnote 12)⌊Wilhelm vonn RogendorffWilhelm von Rogendorf (*1481 – †1541), military commander and diplomat in the service of the Habsburgs, especially for Hungarian affairs; after 1506 military commander in Italy, 1517 Stadtholder of Frisia, 1524 Commander-in-chief of the drabants (yeomen) of the royal guard, Governor of Catalonia, Roussillon and Cerdanya, 1527 chief steward at the court of Ferdinand I, 1534 President of his Privy Council, 1541 commander in Hungary for the purpose of capturing Buda, 1515 imperial envoy (together with Johan Cuspinian and Lorenz Saurer), at the First Congress of Vienna, in 1517 conducted negotiations in the Habsburg Netherlands regarding the consideration by Maximilian I of the new marriage between Sigismund I and Eleanor of Austria (CEID 2/1, p. 110-111, footnote 12)⌋ / erböttig war zu entdeckenn, / vorhoffend villeicht ein nuczliche stelle amm hove / oder was anders zuerlangen etc. Nicht lengst dar noch wolt er hundert ducaten von mir leyenn, eh... dan ich wust wer / oder vonn wan / er werr. Darnoch sach ich in ein gutte weil lang nicht, / biss das wir mit Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊kayserlicher maiestetCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ etlich vil monat im The Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌊NiderlandThe Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌋ zu Brussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌊BrusselBrussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌋ worenn gewest. / Do kuam er widerummb an meynenn tisch / und wold abermol[s] gelt von mir leyenn. / Zu leczst, / do sein ding am hove nicht fortging, / bat er von mir ann Ewer Irbarkeit einn vorschrifft, / anczeigende, / er wolt erst ann Friedrich I of Oldenburg (Friedrich I of Denmark) (*1471 – †1533), 1523-1533 King of Denmark and Norway; son of Christian I of Oldenburg and Dorothea of Brandenburg. He had two wives: Anna of Brandenburg (who died in 1514) and Sophia of Pomerania⌊konigliche wirdFriedrich I of Oldenburg (Friedrich I of Denmark) (*1471 – †1533), 1523-1533 King of Denmark and Norway; son of Christian I of Oldenburg and Dorothea of Brandenburg. He had two wives: Anna of Brandenburg (who died in 1514) and Sophia of Pomerania⌋, / in Got negst vorstorben, / in Denmark (Dania)⌊DennemarkenDenmark (Dania)⌋ sich begebenn. / Derhalben, was ich gedochter Friedrich I of Oldenburg (Friedrich I of Denmark) (*1471 – †1533), 1523-1533 King of Denmark and Norway; son of Christian I of Oldenburg and Dorothea of Brandenburg. He had two wives: Anna of Brandenburg (who died in 1514) and Sophia of Pomerania⌊koniglichern wirdFriedrich I of Oldenburg (Friedrich I of Denmark) (*1471 – †1533), 1523-1533 King of Denmark and Norway; son of Christian I of Oldenburg and Dorothea of Brandenburg. He had two wives: Anna of Brandenburg (who died in 1514) and Sophia of Pomerania⌋ dass mol zum bestenn wust, / teilt ich im mit / und gab im nicht sunder ursach an Ewer Irbarkeit mein vorschrifft, / als eynemm, der gelert und geschickt genug, / ouch mit hern / und etwen geswyndenn hendlennn wol weis umbczughenn / und das in Ewer Irbarkeit im Reich heth mocht brauchen. / So ist er mit meynemm brive an Ewer Irbarkeit genn Gdańsk (Danzig, Dantiscum), city in northern Poland, on the Bay of Gdańsk at the mouth of the Vistula, on the Baltic, the biggest and wealthiest of the three Great Prussian Cities (Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (Elbląg)) with representation in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌊DanczkGdańsk (Danzig, Dantiscum), city in northern Poland, on the Bay of Gdańsk at the mouth of the Vistula, on the Baltic, the biggest and wealthiest of the three Great Prussian Cities (Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (Elbląg)) with representation in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌋ komenn, / noch meyner freuntschaft gefrogt / und sich zu der eingelossenn, / kein schrifft oder befhel habende von mir, / allein den briff an Ewer Irbarkeit geczegt und so mein freuntschafft mein hant erkannt. / Habenn im von meynenn wegen ehre und guts bewysenn, / wor inne er nicht gesetiget. / So vil gesagt, / wie er so wol mit mir darann wer / und so, / ich weis nicht wie, / an mein willenn und wissenn und meyner Bernhard von Höfen (Bernhard Flachsbinder) (†after 1548), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother, stayed with Dantiscus in Spain, as a member of his mission's retinue, and was used as a trusted courier to Poland at least from 1526; after 1530 Starost of Löbau

Georg von Höfen (Georg Flachsbinder, Georgius de Curiis) (†after 1550-02-07), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother; Starosta of Rössel (HARTMANN 1525-1550, No. 584, 586, 588; AGAD, MK, 77, f. 385-386v)⌊bruderBernhard von Höfen (Bernhard Flachsbinder) (†after 1548), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother, stayed with Dantiscus in Spain, as a member of his mission's retinue, and was used as a trusted courier to Poland at least from 1526; after 1530 Starost of Löbau

Georg von Höfen (Georg Flachsbinder, Georgius de Curiis) (†after 1550-02-07), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother; Starosta of Rössel (HARTMANN 1525-1550, No. 584, 586, 588; AGAD, MK, 77, f. 385-386v)⌋, / nichts habende, / meyne Anna von Höfen (Anna Reyneck, Anna Flachsbinder), sister of Ioannes Dantiscus, wife of Johann Hannau Sr and, after his death, of Johann Reyneck⌊svesterAnna von Höfen (Anna Reyneck, Anna Flachsbinder), sister of Ioannes Dantiscus, wife of Johann Hannau Sr and, after his death, of Johann Reyneck⌋ in die ehe uberredt, / das dan in warheit mir und dennn meynen nicht hot mocht sein unbesverlich. / Idoch, / do ich ins Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊landPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ gekomenn, / hab ich die meynenn und mich in gedult gestelt / und do mit / etlicher moss / solche sver muttigheit gestilt / und solche geswyndigheit uberwonnenn. / Hab Johann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌊inJohann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌋ und Anna von Höfen (Anna Reyneck, Anna Flachsbinder), sister of Ioannes Dantiscus, wife of Johann Hannau Sr and, after his death, of Johann Reyneck⌊sieAnna von Höfen (Anna Reyneck, Anna Flachsbinder), sister of Ioannes Dantiscus, wife of Johann Hannau Sr and, after his death, of Johann Reyneck⌋ bey mir ein gutte zceit lang enthalden, / biss das sie williglich von sich selbst von hynnenn sein geczogenn etc. und do mit, das ich nicht vor ...ff ein historienn schreibe, ... ...ssend / ...nczk bey mir ... alles noch seinemm hochtragenden houpte habenn. / Do das nicht mocht geschenn, / enthild Johann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌊erJohann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌋ sich etlich zceit von mir / unnd do es im widerummb wol gefyl, / macht er sich wider zu mir. Ich hab Johann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌊imJohann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌋ nye kein böss wort geben, / alles mit im ubersehenn, / an meymm tisch gelossenn / und gesegend, do ich von dannenn mich begab. / Dornoch schreib Johann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌊erJohann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌋ mir ein spiczigenn briff, / das ich meynn zunegung zu im heth abgelossenn / und wer mit unmessiger vorleczung meins gemuets / hesslich oder neydisch, / wie er schreibt, / odiosius, / wider in enczundt, / und so ich seiner nicht bedarff, / und das ander nicht gancz vorgessenn ist, / do von die leut vil redenn, / do mit er mich und die meynenn vorseret, / heth er solch stolcz schreibenn, / und nemlich am endt, / er must sein alte hern, / do mit er nicht vorgessenn, / besuchennn etc. wol mocht noch lossenn. / Dis ist alles, / freuntlicher, lieber herr, das zcwischenn uns ist, / und wirt sich etwas anders habenn, dan Johann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌊erJohann Reyneck (†1535), the second husband of Dantiscus' sister Anna; doctor of both canon and civil law; councillor to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 179-180, 203; GÜNTHER 1907, p. 365)⌋ anczeigt, / nichts wynigers, / so ich so cristlich und freuntlich von Ewer Irbarkeit werd ermant, / der ich nichts vorsagenn kann, / stelle ich dis alles in Ewer Irbarkeit hende, / und was die wil / bin ich anzunhemenn willig. / Ich hab im lengst vorgebenn / und vorgib im. / Wan ein sache geschen ist, / kompt der rodt zu speth etc. Bitt, / wie im dan sey, / Ewer Irbarkeit wolt sein gnediger herr sein / und dis meynn schreiben, / das so, / Ewer Irbarkeit zu erinnernn, / die not erfurdert, / gunstlich von mir an nhemenn / und so bey Ewer Irbarkeit allein lossenn bleibenn / und mich do vor halten, / der Ewer Irbarkeit noch al meyner muglicheit gernn treulich und fruntlich dynenn wil. / Sol ouch nicht anders vonn mir werdenn befundenn. / Wie aber Ewer Irbarkeit im endt Irs schreibens mich an nympt vor iren beichtvatter, / wil ich mich in demm ampt so halten, / das sich Ewer Irbarkeit mit sverer buss von mir nicht sol beladenn fyndenn. / Got der almechtig gebe uns sein gnad / und enthalde Ewer Irbarkeit mit al den irenn in langweriger gesuntheit und glukseligen zu nhemenn / uff das aller lengste etc. Hiemit thu ich mich in Ewer Irbarkeit gunst [un]d fruntschafft uffs fleissigste bef... ...rer vormanu... nicht vorgessenn, / do mit vil ... selbtigenn endung / noch blibe etc.

Datum uffmm slosse Löbau (Lubawa, Lubavia), town in northern Poland, Kulm Land (Ziemia Chełmińska), ca. 67 km E of Graudenz (Grudziądz), the main seat of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno)⌊LobauLöbau (Lubawa, Lubavia), town in northern Poland, Kulm Land (Ziemia Chełmińska), ca. 67 km E of Graudenz (Grudziądz), the main seat of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno)⌋, XXVI Iulii anno domini MDXXXIII.

Ewer Furstlichen Irbarkeit williger Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊IoannesIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋, bischoff zu Kulm diocese (Chełmno diocese)⌊CulmenKulm diocese (Chełmno diocese)⌋ etc. manu propria