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Letter #1367

Cornelis DE SCHEPPER & Godschalk ERICKSEN (SASSENKERLE) to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Lüneburg, 1535-10-27

English register:

Because he had to travel to the meeting of the Wendish towns, De Schepper decided not to send his last letter from Bruges, but to take it with him and send it from Bremen or Lüneburg to Gdańsk. He describes his journey by ship from Sluis to Harlingen in Frisia. In Dordrecht he was joined by Godtschalk Ericksen, who was still weak after his illness. From Harlingen they travelled to Eastern Frisia, and they reached Emden after an arduous journey, due to heavy storms. They were hospitably received by the counts Enno and Johann of East Frisia, both old friends of Dantiscus and De Schepper. Exhausted by the war with Balthasar Oomkens von Esens, the counts have allied themselves with the Duke of Guelders [Charles II]. They were pleased to learn that Dantiscus was in good health and they frequently recalled their friendship. De Schepper should convey their greetings to him. Upon their arrival in Bremen they met Wolfgang von Affenstein, envoy for Elector Palatine Ludwig V to the Wendish towns, in order to urge them to peace. He also welcomed the news about Dantiscus, and wanted to be recommended to him. Dantiscus must realise that he still has many friends.

With Affenstein they travelled to Lüneburg where the meeting of the Wendish towns had been summoned. No delegates from Gdańsk were present. They had an interview with the mayor of Lübeck, Nicolaus Brömse, and with Anton von Stiten, a member of the Lübeck town council, in which they declared that they had a mandate to settle the disputes, and mentioned that the city of Gdańsk supports the Dutch and that the other subjects of the Emperor [Charles V] have the support of Gdańsk, in accordance with the navigation agreement between the Netherlands and Gdańsk. They have informed the citizens of Gdańsk of these proposals and requested them to send delegates to Brabant and Flanders, and to offer possible suggestions for a solution to the conflict, which is the express will of the Queen [Mary of Hungary]. De Schepper will also entrust this present letter to the messenger to Gdańsk.

They urged the representatives of the Wendish towns to seek ways to a lasting peace in Denmark. They informed them that Count Palatine Fridrich II has married the Emperor's niece [Dorothea], rightful heir of King Christian II of Denmark, and stressed that he will stand on his rights to the Danish throne. He has the support of the Emperor, who prefers nonetheless that Fridrich should enforce his rights in a peaceful manner. Wolfgang von Affenstein confirmed the stance of his prince. The Wendish towns took no position, leaving the decision to Lübeck. The Lübeck delegates postponed any decision until after the conference on the pacification of Denmark, which is to be held in Hamburg within two weeks, in the presence of the Elector of Saxony [Georg von Wettin], the Duke of Holstein [Christian III], the Duke of Lüneburg [Ernst of Brauschweig-Lüneburg], Duke Albrecht [of Mecklenburg-Schwerin] and his brother Heinrich. De Schepper will convey this information to his employers. He regrets the rejection of a negotiated solution and fears the consequences for those who prefer war to peace. He emphasises the talents and merits of Fridrich. The Emperor will not tolerate his authority being thus scorned; as a result the future could prove much worse than the past.

In Münster the captured king of the Anabaptists, Jan van Leyden, will soon be locked alive in an iron cage and exposed to birds of prey and cold. His fellow instigators of the rebellion, Bernthard Knipperdollinck and Bernhard Krechting, will accompany him to hell.

The King of England [Henry VIII] had several innocent men executed, including the Cardinal of Rochester [John Fisher] and Thomas More, because they refused to recognise him as the head of the Anglican church and to approve his incestuous marriage. De Schepper was informed of these executions by Eustache Chapuys, the imperial ambassador in England. The rumoured attempts at an agreement between the Kings of England and France are confounded by the good fortune of the Emperor. Heinrich Treusch von Buttlar, who was sent together with De Schepper and Ericksen to the Wendish towns as envoy of King [Ferdinand I], became ill and had to stay behind in Braunschweig.

Postscript 1: De Schepper will spend the winter at the court of Queen Mary, unless he is summoned by the Emperor in Naples. Godtschalck Ericksen will probably return to the Emperor.

Postscript 2: He sends Dantiscus a report on the African expedition.

Addition by Godtschalck Ericksen: He has nothing to add to the detailed report given by De Schepper on behalf of both of them. He recommends himself to Dantiscus, and assures him of his willingness to render him any possible service.


            received [1535]-12-22

Manuscript sources:
1fair copy in Latin, autograph, UUB, H. 154, f. 142-145
2excerpt in Latin, 16th-century, GStA PK, XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, HBA, C 2, No. 91
3excerpt in Latin, 16th-century, GStA PK, XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, HBA, H, K. 764
4excerpt in Latin, 16th-century, GStA PK, XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, HBA, C 2, No. 102 (enclosure No. 3a)
5copy in Latin, 18th-century, SBB, MS Lat. Quart. 101, No. 16, f. 54v-59v
6copy in Latin, 18th-century, LSB, BR 19, No. 25LSB, BR 19, No. 25b
7excerpt in Latin, 18th-century, SUB, Sup. Ep. 4-o 41, No. 17, f. 17v-18rSUB, Sup. Ep. 4-o 41, No. 18, f. 18r
8copy in Latin, 18th-century, SLUB, C 110, f. 76v-83v
9copy in Latin, 18th-century, B. Ossol., 151/II, f. 22v-24v
10copy in Latin, 18th-century, BCz, 1366, p. 141-153
11copy in Latin, 18th-century, BCz, 53 (TN), No. 94-95, p. 347-355
12copy in Latin, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8243 (TK 5), a.1535, f. 69r-74v
13register with excerpt in Latin, English, 20th-century, CBKUL, R.III, 30, No. 93CBKUL, R.III, 30, No. 94

Early printed source materials:
1Monumenta inedita p. 440-443 (in extenso)

Prints:
1ALTMEYER p. 335-336 (excerpt in French translation)
2RDHD 1889 No. 14477, p. 1697 (Latin register, selective - only Danish matters)
3DE VOCHT 1961 No. DE, 312, p. 252-253 (English register; excerpt)
4AT 17 No. 538, p. 670-675 (in extenso; Polish register)
5Hanserecesse p. 282-283 (excerpt)
6BENNINGHOVEN No. 102, p. 56-59, Beilage 3 (German register)
7Españoles part II, No. 79, p. 256-258 (excerpt in Spanish translation)
8CEID 2/2 (Letter No. 62) p. 304-314 (in extenso; English register)

 

Text & apparatus & commentaryPlain textText & commentaryText & apparatus

 

Reverendissime in Christo Pater, domine honorandissime.

Post cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Bruges, 1535-09-16, CIDTC IDL 1356⌊ultimascf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Bruges, 1535-09-16, CIDTC IDL 1356⌋ istas meas perscriptas Bruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌊BrugisBruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌋ affuit tempus, quo adesse me decuit itineri ad civitates Vandalicas ob res in illis ipsis satis copiose narratas. Ratus igitur fore, ut invenirem conterraneos tuos Citizens of Gdańsk ⌊GedanensesCitizens of Gdańsk ⌋ Lüneburg (Lunaeburgum), city in northern Germany, Lower Saxony, 44 km SE of Hamburg, a member of the Hanseatic League⌊LuneburgiLüneburg (Lunaeburgum), city in northern Germany, Lower Saxony, 44 km SE of Hamburg, a member of the Hanseatic League⌋, distuli easdem cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Bruges, 1535-09-16, CIDTC IDL 1356⌊litterascf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Bruges, 1535-09-16, CIDTC IDL 1356⌋ meas alicui alteri quam mihimet credere, quod arbitrarer commodius illas et citius Bremen (Brema), city in northern Germany on the Weser river, member of the Hanseatic League⌊BremaBremen (Brema), city in northern Germany on the Weser river, member of the Hanseatic League⌋ aut Luneburgo quam Bruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌊BrugisBruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌋ deferri Gdańsk (Danzig, Dantiscum), city in northern Poland, on the Bay of Gdańsk at the mouth of the Vistula, on the Baltic, the biggest and wealthiest of the three Great Prussian Cities (Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (Elbląg)) with representation in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌊GedanumGdańsk (Danzig, Dantiscum), city in northern Poland, on the Bay of Gdańsk at the mouth of the Vistula, on the Baltic, the biggest and wealthiest of the three Great Prussian Cities (Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (Elbląg)) with representation in the Council of Royal Prussia; a member of the Hanseatic League⌋ posse. Itaque ex Sluis (Sclusa), town in the Low Countires, county of Flanders, port of Bruges on the Zwin estuary, Now in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, the southern part of the Dutch province of Zeeland⌊SclusaSluis (Sclusa), town in the Low Countires, county of Flanders, port of Bruges on the Zwin estuary, Now in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, the southern part of the Dutch province of Zeeland⌋ navigio solvens nulla re memorabili in itinere occurente veni Dordrecht, town in the Low Countries, 78 km NE of Antwerp, today in the Netherlands⌊DordracumDordrecht, town in the Low Countries, 78 km NE of Antwerp, today in the Netherlands⌋ Holland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌊HollandiaeHolland, county in the Low Countries, today part of the Netherlands⌋ inventoque ibi domino Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊Godtscalco Eryco SaxocaroloGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋ nostro adhuc languente et debili iter fecimus Gouda, city in the Low Countries, today in the Netherlands, province of South Holland⌊GawdamGouda, city in the Low Countries, today in the Netherlands, province of South Holland⌋. Gouda, city in the Low Countries, today in the Netherlands, province of South Holland⌊IndeGouda, city in the Low Countries, today in the Netherlands, province of South Holland⌋ ad Amsterdam (Amstelodamum), city in the Low Countries, County of Holland⌊AmbsterdamumAmsterdam (Amstelodamum), city in the Low Countries, County of Holland⌋ contendimus navigiis usi parvis, quae res nos paene et proximo proximius in conspectu urbis submersit. Amsterdam (Amstelodamum), city in the Low Countries, County of Holland⌊IndeAmsterdam (Amstelodamum), city in the Low Countries, County of Holland⌋ solventes in Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌊FrisiamFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌋ validis adacti tempestatibus coacti sumus subsistere in oppido ignobili ad dies aliquot, quod non idoneae ad navigandum tempestates negarent ulteriorem nobis progressum, donec post triduum tranquillo magis mari venimus ad Harlingen, town in the Low Countries, Frisia province, today in the Netherlands⌊HerlingamHarlingen, town in the Low Countries, Frisia province, today in the Netherlands⌋ oppidum continentis Frisiae. Harlingen, town in the Low Countries, Frisia province, today in the Netherlands⌊IndeHarlingen, town in the Low Countries, Frisia province, today in the Netherlands⌋, cum vellemus partim terra, qua patebat iter, partim mari venire in East Frisia (Ostfriesland, Eastern Frisia), county of the Holy Roman Empire, in northwestern Germany, on the Ems river, now the northwestern part of the German state of Niedersachsen⌊Orientalem FrisiamEast Frisia (Ostfriesland, Eastern Frisia), county of the Holy Roman Empire, in northwestern Germany, on the Ems river, now the northwestern part of the German state of Niedersachsen⌋, magnas pertulimus incommoditates tempestatum, quibus evictis ven <i> mus Emden, city in Low Germany, East Frisia⌊EmedamEmden, city in Low Germany, East Frisia⌋ ad flumen Ems (Amasus, Eems), river in northwestern Germany⌊AmasumEms (Amasus, Eems), river in northwestern Germany⌋ ad comites Enno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia⌊EnnonemEnno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia⌋ et Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌊IoannemJohan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌋, quorum alter Bologna (Bononia), city in Italy at the southern end of the plain of the Po valley, between 1506 and 1860 it belonged to the Papal State⌊BononiaeBologna (Bononia), city in Italy at the southern end of the plain of the Po valley, between 1506 and 1860 it belonged to the Papal State⌋ frequens apud te hospes fuit, alterum novisti Brussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌊BruxellaeBrussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌋. Enno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌊EosEnno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌋ iam diutino bello cum Balthasar Oomkens von Esens ( Juncker Baltzer) (*1490 – †1540), leader of the resistance of the old Frisian aristocracy against the powerful Cirksena family; an excessively cruel warlord and pirate; Lord of Harlingerland⌊BalthasareBalthasar Oomkens von Esens ( Juncker Baltzer) (*1490 – †1540), leader of the resistance of the old Frisian aristocracy against the powerful Cirksena family; an excessively cruel warlord and pirate; Lord of Harlingerland⌋ quodam exhaustos Charles II of Guelders (Karel van Egmond) (*1467 – †1538), Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen (1492-1538)⌊dux GhelriaeCharles II of Guelders (Karel van Egmond) (*1467 – †1538), Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen (1492-1538)⌋ in partes traxit suas. Ab Enno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌊hisEnno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌋ humanissime pro veteri notitia suscepti sumus et habiti atque inter recordationem praeteritarum familiaritatum, quod scirent te nobis amicissimum fuisse, quaesiverunt, num superesses. Et cum intelligerent rectissime valere, plurimum sunt gavisi rogaveruntque, ut tibi Enno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌊ipsorumEnno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌋ nomine plurimam salutem apprecarer, si quando scripturus essem. Quod et facturum esse me recepi, et facio, ne putes amicos omnes tuos, quos plures habes, quam scire possis, sine tui memoria vivere.

Quin et cum Bremen (Brema), city in northern Germany on the Weser river, member of the Hanseatic League⌊BremamBremen (Brema), city in northern Germany on the Weser river, member of the Hanseatic League⌋ advenissemus, affuit ibi magnificus dominus Wolfgang von Affenstein (†1556), diplomat in the service of the Palatinate; Bishop of Worms, member of the Military Council to the future elector Friedrich II, 1531 plenipotentiary of the elector Ludwig V in the negotiations at Schmalkalden, 1535 envoy (together with councillors of Ferdinand of Habsburg) of Mary of Hungary and Count Friedrich II to Bremen and Lüneburg to negotiate with the cities of Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund, and Wismar about financial and military aid for the Count of Oldenburg, 1538 member of the government of the Upper Palatinate, 1549 Judge of the Palatine Hofgericht, 1552 member of the Elector's Privy Council (CE, vol. 1, p. 10 -12)⌊Wolfangus ab AffenstainWolfgang von Affenstein (†1556), diplomat in the service of the Palatinate; Bishop of Worms, member of the Military Council to the future elector Friedrich II, 1531 plenipotentiary of the elector Ludwig V in the negotiations at Schmalkalden, 1535 envoy (together with councillors of Ferdinand of Habsburg) of Mary of Hungary and Count Friedrich II to Bremen and Lüneburg to negotiate with the cities of Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund, and Wismar about financial and military aid for the Count of Oldenburg, 1538 member of the government of the Upper Palatinate, 1549 Judge of the Palatine Hofgericht, 1552 member of the Elector's Privy Council (CE, vol. 1, p. 10 -12)⌋ eques, magister et praefectus domus illustrissimi domini Ludwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌊Ludovici palatiniLudwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌋ principis electoris ex parte dominorum suorum missus, ut ad bona media et ad ea, quae sunt pacis, adhortaretur civitates Vandalicas, ut animum intenderent. Ludwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌊IsLudwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌋ quanto gaudio audierit de tua incolumitate, nolo litteris percensere. Familiaritatem tecum habitam neque destitit, neque desistit commendare, seque iussit, ut tibi de meliore nota commendatum facerem et ex animo salutarem. Adeo tibi ex amicis suboriuntur amici, quos falleris, si vulgares putes.

Cum Ludwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌊hocLudwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌋ profecti sumus Lüneburg (Lunaeburgum), city in northern Germany, Lower Saxony, 44 km SE of Hamburg, a member of the Hanseatic League⌊LuneburgumLüneburg (Lunaeburgum), city in northern Germany, Lower Saxony, 44 km SE of Hamburg, a member of the Hanseatic League⌋, ubi conventus quidem fuit praefatarum civitatum indictus in duodecimum Octobris, eoque appulimus XVI-a. Ceterum ex parte Citizens of Gdańsk ⌊GedanensiumCitizens of Gdańsk ⌋ tuorum nullus. Proinde locuti sumus cum domino Nikolaus Brömse (*ca. 1472 – †1543), Catholic, zealous opponent of the Reformation. In 1531 he left the city in protest against its joining the Schmalkaldic League, and went to the Imperial court; he came back to Lübeck in 1535 ; 1514-1520 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1520-1531, 1535-1543 Mayor of Lübeck; 1531 member of the Imperial Council (NDB, vol. 2, p. 629)⌊Nicolao BromseNikolaus Brömse (*ca. 1472 – †1543), Catholic, zealous opponent of the Reformation. In 1531 he left the city in protest against its joining the Schmalkaldic League, and went to the Imperial court; he came back to Lübeck in 1535 ; 1514-1520 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1520-1531, 1535-1543 Mayor of Lübeck; 1531 member of the Imperial Council (NDB, vol. 2, p. 629)⌋ restituto burgimagistro Citizens of Lübeck ⌊LubicensiumCitizens of Lübeck ⌋ equite aurato etc. et domino Anton von Stiten (*before 1503 – †1564), 1528-1540 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1540-1564 Mayor of Lübeck (FEHLING, Nr. 620)⌊Anthonio de StytenAnton von Stiten (*before 1503 – †1564), 1528-1540 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1540-1564 Mayor of Lübeck (FEHLING, Nr. 620)⌋ uno ex consiliariis praefatae Lübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, on the mouth of the Trave river, capital of the Hanseatic League⌊civitatis LubicaeLübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, on the mouth of the Trave river, capital of the Hanseatic League⌋ eisque significavimus nos ibi adesse cum mandato de finiendo controversias et differentias et easdem componendo, quas vestri Citizens of Gdańsk ⌊GedanensesCitizens of Gdańsk ⌋ sibi adesse dicerent cum Hollandis et aliis subditis Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesareae maiestatisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, secundum quod continet articulus compromissi inter nos et illos facti super negotio navigationum. Nikolaus Brömse (*ca. 1472 – †1543), Catholic, zealous opponent of the Reformation. In 1531 he left the city in protest against its joining the Schmalkaldic League, and went to the Imperial court; he came back to Lübeck in 1535 ; 1514-1520 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1520-1531, 1535-1543 Mayor of Lübeck; 1531 member of the Imperial Council (NDB, vol. 2, p. 629)

Anton von Stiten (*before 1503 – †1564), 1528-1540 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1540-1564 Mayor of Lübeck (FEHLING, Nr. 620)⌊QuibusNikolaus Brömse (*ca. 1472 – †1543), Catholic, zealous opponent of the Reformation. In 1531 he left the city in protest against its joining the Schmalkaldic League, and went to the Imperial court; he came back to Lübeck in 1535 ; 1514-1520 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1520-1531, 1535-1543 Mayor of Lübeck; 1531 member of the Imperial Council (NDB, vol. 2, p. 629)

Anton von Stiten (*before 1503 – †1564), 1528-1540 member of the Lübeck Town Council; 1540-1564 Mayor of Lübeck (FEHLING, Nr. 620)⌋ visum est esse expediens, idem significaremus per litteras praefatis Citizens of Gdańsk ⌊GedanensibusCitizens of Gdańsk ⌋. Prout facimus eosdem requirentes, ut suos cum pleno mandato mittant in Brabant (Brabantia), duchy in the Low Countries, under Habsburg rule from 1482. Its territory corresponds to the Belgian provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant, Antwerp and the Brussels Capital Region, and the province of North-Brabant in the Netherlands⌊BrabantiamBrabant (Brabantia), duchy in the Low Countries, under Habsburg rule from 1482. Its territory corresponds to the Belgian provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant, Antwerp and the Brussels Capital Region, and the province of North-Brabant in the Netherlands⌋ aut Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriamFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋, aut, si quid aliud norint, quod ad eam rem facere possit, non graventur Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊reginalem maiestatemMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋ desuper facere certiorem, esse enim illius mentem, ut velit sublata esse seminaria omnia dissensionum. Per illum erg[o] nuntium, per quem haec Citizens of Gdańsk ⌊GedanensibusCitizens of Gdańsk ⌋ tuis significamus, mittimus praesentes etiam litteras ad te non dubitantes, quin bona fide sint perferendae.

De reliquo negotio hoc habe. Admonuimus civitates, ut cogitarent de talibus mediis, quae concernunt pacificationem Denmark (Dania)⌊regni DaniaeDenmark (Dania)⌋, ut per illa media possit solidum aliquid fieri, ne accidat, quod aliquando solet, ut, dum credunt egregie cautum esse negotiis suis, tum demum primum periclitentur, neque enim ignotum illis esse voluimus Friedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌊ducem FridericumFriedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌋ palatinum duxisse Dorothea of Denmark (*1520 – †1580), Electress Palatine; wife of Elector Palatine Friedrich II, daughter of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway and Isabella of Austria⌊neptemDorothea of Denmark (*1520 – †1580), Electress Palatine; wife of Elector Palatine Friedrich II, daughter of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway and Isabella of Austria⌋ Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ ex Isabella of Austria (Isabella of Habsburg, Elisabeth of Denmark) (*1501 – †1526), 1515-1523 Queen consort of Denmark and Queen consort of Norway as the wife of Christian II, daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile; sister of Charles V⌊sororeIsabella of Austria (Isabella of Habsburg, Elisabeth of Denmark) (*1501 – †1526), 1515-1523 Queen consort of Denmark and Queen consort of Norway as the wife of Christian II, daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile; sister of Charles V⌋, filiam Christian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌊Christierni regis DanorumChristian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌋ veram heredem futuram. Qui quidem Friedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌊dux FridericusFriedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌋ non esset permissurus aliquid de iure suo decedere et ad id interpellasset Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestatem caesareamCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, quae, ut caesar non posset omittere, quin administraret iustitiam petentibus, adhortaretur tamen eundem ducem, ut amicitia potius quam vi experiretur, si ad ius suum pervenire posset. Eadem haec a praefato domino Wolfgang von Affenstein (†1556), diplomat in the service of the Palatinate; Bishop of Worms, member of the Military Council to the future elector Friedrich II, 1531 plenipotentiary of the elector Ludwig V in the negotiations at Schmalkalden, 1535 envoy (together with councillors of Ferdinand of Habsburg) of Mary of Hungary and Count Friedrich II to Bremen and Lüneburg to negotiate with the cities of Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund, and Wismar about financial and military aid for the Count of Oldenburg, 1538 member of the government of the Upper Palatinate, 1549 Judge of the Palatine Hofgericht, 1552 member of the Elector's Privy Council (CE, vol. 1, p. 10 -12)⌊Wolfango de AffenstainWolfgang von Affenstein (†1556), diplomat in the service of the Palatinate; Bishop of Worms, member of the Military Council to the future elector Friedrich II, 1531 plenipotentiary of the elector Ludwig V in the negotiations at Schmalkalden, 1535 envoy (together with councillors of Ferdinand of Habsburg) of Mary of Hungary and Count Friedrich II to Bremen and Lüneburg to negotiate with the cities of Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund, and Wismar about financial and military aid for the Count of Oldenburg, 1538 member of the government of the Upper Palatinate, 1549 Judge of the Palatine Hofgericht, 1552 member of the Elector's Privy Council (CE, vol. 1, p. 10 -12)⌋ nomine Ludwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌊principis suiLudwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌋ proposita. Ad quae post multa verba utrimque data solidi nihil est a civitatibus responsum reicientibus rem omnem in solam Lübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, on the mouth of the Trave river, capital of the Hanseatic League⌊LubicamLübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, on the mouth of the Trave river, capital of the Hanseatic League⌋. Cuius Lübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, on the mouth of the Trave river, capital of the Hanseatic League⌊urbisLübeck (Lubeca, Lubicensis urbs, Lubecum), city in northern Germany, on the mouth of the Trave river, capital of the Hanseatic League⌋ commissarii post transactos aliquot dies, quibus nos in suspenso tenuerunt, responderunt se pro mediis facientibus ad pacificationem regnorum praefatorum Denmark (Dania)⌊DaniaeDenmark (Dania)⌋ inveniendis iussos esse comparere Hamburg (Hamburgum), city in northern Germany on the mouth of the Elbe river, member of the Hanseatic League⌊HamburgiHamburg (Hamburgum), city in northern Germany on the mouth of the Elbe river, member of the Hanseatic League⌋, quo in loco personaliter futuri essent illustres principes: Georg of Saxony der Bärtige (Georg von Wettin) (*1471 – †1539), 1500-1539 Duke of Saxony; 1496-1534 brother-in-law of King Sigismund I Jagiellon, from 1523 father-in-law of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, Catholic and protector of the Roman faith in Saxony (NDB, Bd. 6, p. 224-227)⌊dux elector SaxoniaeGeorg of Saxony der Bärtige (Georg von Wettin) (*1471 – †1539), 1500-1539 Duke of Saxony; 1496-1534 brother-in-law of King Sigismund I Jagiellon, from 1523 father-in-law of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, Catholic and protector of the Roman faith in Saxony (NDB, Bd. 6, p. 224-227)⌋, Christian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌊dux HolsatiaeChristian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌋, Ernst I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg der Bekenner (*1497 – †1546), 1520-1546 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle and of Lüneburg; son of Duke Heinrich des Mittleren, Protestant⌊dux LuneburgiErnst I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg der Bekenner (*1497 – †1546), 1520-1546 Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle and of Lüneburg; son of Duke Heinrich des Mittleren, Protestant⌋, Albrecht VII of Mecklenburg (*1486 – †1547), 1503-1520 Duke of Mecklenburg, 1520-1547 Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow; son of Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg and Sophia (daughter of Erich II of Pomerania-Wolgast)⌊dux AlbertusAlbrecht VII of Mecklenburg (*1486 – †1547), 1503-1520 Duke of Mecklenburg, 1520-1547 Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow; son of Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg and Sophia (daughter of Erich II of Pomerania-Wolgast)⌋ cum fratre Heinrich V von Mecklenburg (*1479 – †1552), 1503-1520 Duke of Mecklenburg, 1520-1552 Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin⌊HenricoHeinrich V von Mecklenburg (*1479 – †1552), 1503-1520 Duke of Mecklenburg, 1520-1552 Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin⌋ Mechelburgenses intra dies quattuordecim. Hamburg (Hamburgum), city in northern Germany on the mouth of the Elbe river, member of the Hanseatic League⌊IbiHamburg (Hamburgum), city in northern Germany on the mouth of the Elbe river, member of the Hanseatic League⌋ transactum iri super hac re. Prius se nihil posse nobis respondere. Adesse si vellemus, id nobis liberum fore. Quod responsum ab illis accepimus nuntiabimusque Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile

Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon

Ludwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌊dominis nostrisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile

Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon

Ludwig V von Wittelsbach (Ludwig von der Pfalz) (*1478 – †1544), 1508-1544 Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince-Elector of the Palatinate⌋, quorum ea est prudentia, ut sciant, quid ab illis spectare debeant. Dolemus tamen nos, qui avidi sumus pacis inter Christianos introducendae, quod ea est hominum caecitas quorundam, ut adversus Deum, ius et aequum putent se posse sua tueri neque ad bona media descendere velint, quasi aliquid violentum diu possit esse perpetuum. Quin et non tam stupidi sumus, quin intelligamus, quorsum haec vergant. Sane si Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarea maiestasCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ tot indignitatibus excitata aliquando expergefiat, id quod video fieri necessum esse, experientur nonnulli suo cum malo, quam sinistro consilio ea, quae pacis sunt, bello postposuerint. Sunt in Friedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌊Friderico duceFriedrich II of Wittelsbach der Weise (*1482 – †1556), Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector of Pfalz (1544-1556); in 1529 and 1532 the Commander in Chief of the imperial army; son of Philipp der Aufrichtige, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (NDB, Bd. 5, p. 528-530)⌋ magnae dotes, genus et opes in Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ in ea familia primae, de Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌊Rhomano imperioHoly Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌋ de multis particulariter bene meritus est. Ludicra sunt praeterita, si conferantur cum iis, quae imminent. Atque adeo ipsa Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestas caesareaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ non aequo feret animo ita vilem haberi auctoritatem suam, ut in re iustissima contemnatur. Qua de re illos sollicitos esse iubemus, quorum interest. cf. Vulg. Mt 6:26 respicite volatilia caeli quoniam non serunt neque metunt neque congregant in horrea et Pater vester caelestis pascit illa ⌊Nobis nihil seritur, nihil aratur, quibus abunde gratia Dei estcf. Vulg. Mt 6:26 respicite volatilia caeli quoniam non serunt neque metunt neque congregant in horrea et Pater vester caelestis pascit illa ⌋, tantum nolebam omittere, quin ad te scriberem.

Rerum novarum neque apud nos neque hic quicquam est aliud, nisi quod Jan Beuckelszoon van Leyden (Jan Bockelson, Jan van Leyden) (*1509 – †1536), 1533-1535 charismatic leader of the Münster Anabaptists; in 1533 he sent for Jan Matthys, who identified the city as the "New Jerusalem". After the death of Matthys, Beuckelszoon assumed the name of King of New Jerusalem. After the defeat of the Münster army by Prince-Bishop Franz von Waldeck (1535-06), Beuckelszoon was captured and executed in 1536 (ARTHUR)⌊Ioannes de LeydisJan Beuckelszoon van Leyden (Jan Bockelson, Jan van Leyden) (*1509 – †1536), 1533-1535 charismatic leader of the Münster Anabaptists; in 1533 he sent for Jan Matthys, who identified the city as the "New Jerusalem". After the death of Matthys, Beuckelszoon assumed the name of King of New Jerusalem. After the defeat of the Münster army by Prince-Bishop Franz von Waldeck (1535-06), Beuckelszoon was captured and executed in 1536 (ARTHUR)⌋ rex The Anabaptists (Anabaptistae), a faction of the Christian religion. They rejected the baptism of infants, requiring a conscious decision on the part of the candidate. In the 16th and 17th centuries Anabaptists were strongly persecuted by Roman Catholics as well as by Lutherans and Calvinists.⌊anababtistarumThe Anabaptists (Anabaptistae), a faction of the Christian religion. They rejected the baptism of infants, requiring a conscious decision on the part of the candidate. In the 16th and 17th centuries Anabaptists were strongly persecuted by Roman Catholics as well as by Lutherans and Calvinists.⌋ in Münster (Monasterium Westphalorum), town in western Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia⌊Monasterio urbeMünster (Monasterium Westphalorum), town in western Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia⌋ captus adhuc vivit et in signum trophei paratur illi cavea ferrea, cui includetur capite tenus, et ita ab altissima turre vivus exponetur cf. Vulg. Ier 34:20 et dabo eos in manu inimicorum suorum et in manu quaerentium animam eorum et erit morticinum eorum in escam volucribus caeli et bestiis terrae; Liv. 25.12.6 piscibus atque avibus ferisque quae incolunt terras iis fuat esca caro tua ⌊corvis et volucribus escacf. Vulg. Ier 34:20 et dabo eos in manu inimicorum suorum et in manu quaerentium animam eorum et erit morticinum eorum in escam volucribus caeli et bestiis terrae; Liv. 25.12.6 piscibus atque avibus ferisque quae incolunt terras iis fuat esca caro tua ⌋ in hoc ingente frigore. Quod si anni tempus pateretur, melle delibutus expositus fuisset apibus et muscis. Ne vero solus et incomitatus vadat ad inferos, adiungentur Jan Beuckelszoon van Leyden (Jan Bockelson, Jan van Leyden) (*1509 – †1536), 1533-1535 charismatic leader of the Münster Anabaptists; in 1533 he sent for Jan Matthys, who identified the city as the "New Jerusalem". After the death of Matthys, Beuckelszoon assumed the name of King of New Jerusalem. After the defeat of the Münster army by Prince-Bishop Franz von Waldeck (1535-06), Beuckelszoon was captured and executed in 1536 (ARTHUR)⌊illiJan Beuckelszoon van Leyden (Jan Bockelson, Jan van Leyden) (*1509 – †1536), 1533-1535 charismatic leader of the Münster Anabaptists; in 1533 he sent for Jan Matthys, who identified the city as the "New Jerusalem". After the death of Matthys, Beuckelszoon assumed the name of King of New Jerusalem. After the defeat of the Münster army by Prince-Bishop Franz von Waldeck (1535-06), Beuckelszoon was captured and executed in 1536 (ARTHUR)⌋ sceleratissimi nebulones, scilicet Bernhard Knipperdolling (Bernd Knipperdollinck) (†1536), one of the leaders of the Münster Anabaptists. In 1532 he joined the movement of civic autonomy and Church reform. In 1534, after the Anabaptist take over of Münster, he was elected mayor of the city, in 1535 he was captured on the order of Franz von Waldeck, Bishop of Münster, together with Jan van Leiden and Bernhard Krechtinck. In January 1536, all three were publicly put to death (CE, vol. 2, p. 266)⌊Bernardus ClippelduninckBernhard Knipperdolling (Bernd Knipperdollinck) (†1536), one of the leaders of the Münster Anabaptists. In 1532 he joined the movement of civic autonomy and Church reform. In 1534, after the Anabaptist take over of Münster, he was elected mayor of the city, in 1535 he was captured on the order of Franz von Waldeck, Bishop of Münster, together with Jan van Leiden and Bernhard Krechtinck. In January 1536, all three were publicly put to death (CE, vol. 2, p. 266)⌋ et Bernhard Krechtinck (Bernd Krechting) (†1536), one of the leaders of the Münster Anabaptists. He was a court tutor of the Count of Bentheim in Westphalia, and later a priest at Gildehausein, where he began to take an interest in the Anabaptist movement. He arrived in Münster at the beginning of 1534 and took part in the establishment of the Münsterite Kingdom as one of the Ministers of Jan van Leyden. In 1535 he was captured on the order of Franz von Waldeck, Bishop of Münster, together with Jan van Leyden and Bernhard Knipperdolling. In January 1536, all three were publicly put to death (CE, vol. 2, p. 274)⌊Bernhardt KrechtingkBernhard Krechtinck (Bernd Krechting) (†1536), one of the leaders of the Münster Anabaptists. He was a court tutor of the Count of Bentheim in Westphalia, and later a priest at Gildehausein, where he began to take an interest in the Anabaptist movement. He arrived in Münster at the beginning of 1534 and took part in the establishment of the Münsterite Kingdom as one of the Ministers of Jan van Leyden. In 1535 he was captured on the order of Franz von Waldeck, Bishop of Münster, together with Jan van Leyden and Bernhard Knipperdolling. In January 1536, all three were publicly put to death (CE, vol. 2, p. 274)⌋, infamis illius seditionis primipili. In tempore aderimus Münster (Monasterium Westphalorum), town in western Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia⌊MonasteriiMünster (Monasterium Westphalorum), town in western Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia⌋, ut simus spectatores.

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊Rex AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ defensor ecclesiae viros innocentes multos foedo mortis genere affici fecit, et in his John Fisher (Ioannes Roffensis) (*1459 – †1535), tutor to prince Henry (afterwards Henry VIII Tudor), repeatedly elected chancellor of Cambridge University, fervent opponent of royal divorce and trusted counsellor to queen Catherine of Aragon, arrested in 1533 and two years later beheaded; since 1935 saint of the Catholic Church; 1504 Bishop of Rochester, 1535 Cardinal Priest of San Vitale⌊Ioannem cardinalem RoffensemJohn Fisher (Ioannes Roffensis) (*1459 – †1535), tutor to prince Henry (afterwards Henry VIII Tudor), repeatedly elected chancellor of Cambridge University, fervent opponent of royal divorce and trusted counsellor to queen Catherine of Aragon, arrested in 1533 and two years later beheaded; since 1935 saint of the Catholic Church; 1504 Bishop of Rochester, 1535 Cardinal Priest of San Vitale⌋ et Thomas More (Thomas Morus) (*1478 – †1535), English humanist, lawyer and statesman, zealous opponent of the Reformation, trusted councillor to KingHenry VIII Tudor of England, in 1535 charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy, in the same year beheaded; in 1523 speaker of the House of Commons; 1525 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1529 Lord Chancellor⌊Thomam MorumThomas More (Thomas Morus) (*1478 – †1535), English humanist, lawyer and statesman, zealous opponent of the Reformation, trusted councillor to KingHenry VIII Tudor of England, in 1535 charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy, in the same year beheaded; in 1523 speaker of the House of Commons; 1525 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1529 Lord Chancellor⌋. Quorum capita perticis affixa maestum populo in ponte Londoniensi spectaculum prebuere. Causa mortis, quod nollent Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊eumHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ fateri caput esse ecclesiae Anglicanae et pontificem maximum England⌊regni illiusEngland⌋, simul quod incestas ipsius nuptias detestarentur. Agit England⌊ibidemEngland⌋ adhuc Eustace Chapuys (Eustache Chappuis) (*ca. 1491 – †1556), from 1531 friend and correspondent of Erasmus; from 1517 official of the diocese of Geneva, 1517-1519 secretary of Duke Charles III of Savoy, ca. 1523-1527 in the service of Constable Charles de Bourbon, from 1527 councillor of Emperor Charles V, 1529-1545 imperial ambassador in England (CE, vol. 1, p. 293-295)⌊EustachiusEustace Chapuys (Eustache Chappuis) (*ca. 1491 – †1556), from 1531 friend and correspondent of Erasmus; from 1517 official of the diocese of Geneva, 1517-1519 secretary of Duke Charles III of Savoy, ca. 1523-1527 in the service of Constable Charles de Bourbon, from 1527 councillor of Emperor Charles V, 1529-1545 imperial ambassador in England (CE, vol. 1, p. 293-295)⌋ noster, quam(!) Vulpeculam nosti dictam(!) esse, oratorem nomine Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ magna cum gratia ordinum omnium et summa cum prudentia. Ex Eustace Chapuys (Eustache Chappuis) (*ca. 1491 – †1556), from 1531 friend and correspondent of Erasmus; from 1517 official of the diocese of Geneva, 1517-1519 secretary of Duke Charles III of Savoy, ca. 1523-1527 in the service of Constable Charles de Bourbon, from 1527 councillor of Emperor Charles V, 1529-1545 imperial ambassador in England (CE, vol. 1, p. 293-295)⌊cuiusEustace Chapuys (Eustache Chappuis) (*ca. 1491 – †1556), from 1531 friend and correspondent of Erasmus; from 1517 official of the diocese of Geneva, 1517-1519 secretary of Duke Charles III of Savoy, ca. 1523-1527 in the service of Constable Charles de Bourbon, from 1527 councillor of Emperor Charles V, 1529-1545 imperial ambassador in England (CE, vol. 1, p. 293-295)⌋ ad me litteris de morte John Fisher (Ioannes Roffensis) (*1459 – †1535), tutor to prince Henry (afterwards Henry VIII Tudor), repeatedly elected chancellor of Cambridge University, fervent opponent of royal divorce and trusted counsellor to queen Catherine of Aragon, arrested in 1533 and two years later beheaded; since 1935 saint of the Catholic Church; 1504 Bishop of Rochester, 1535 Cardinal Priest of San Vitale⌊RoffensisJohn Fisher (Ioannes Roffensis) (*1459 – †1535), tutor to prince Henry (afterwards Henry VIII Tudor), repeatedly elected chancellor of Cambridge University, fervent opponent of royal divorce and trusted counsellor to queen Catherine of Aragon, arrested in 1533 and two years later beheaded; since 1935 saint of the Catholic Church; 1504 Bishop of Rochester, 1535 Cardinal Priest of San Vitale⌋ et Thomas More (Thomas Morus) (*1478 – †1535), English humanist, lawyer and statesman, zealous opponent of the Reformation, trusted councillor to KingHenry VIII Tudor of England, in 1535 charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy, in the same year beheaded; in 1523 speaker of the House of Commons; 1525 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1529 Lord Chancellor⌊MoriThomas More (Thomas Morus) (*1478 – †1535), English humanist, lawyer and statesman, zealous opponent of the Reformation, trusted councillor to KingHenry VIII Tudor of England, in 1535 charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy, in the same year beheaded; in 1523 speaker of the House of Commons; 1525 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1529 Lord Chancellor⌋, et aliorum factus sum certior. Plurima de conventu principum England⌊AngliaeEngland⌋ et France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊FranciaeFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ publicata fuere, sed sine fructu, superat enim omnium conatus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊Caroli caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ fortuna. Heri ad nos venerunt litterae a domino Heinrich Treusch von Buttlar (Langhessus) ⌊Henricho Treusch de ButlerHeinrich Treusch von Buttlar (Langhessus) ⌋ equite, qui vulgo vocatur Langhess, oratore Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊regis RhomanorumFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ penes nos ordinato ad civitates Vandalicas, quod subsisteret Braunschweig (Brunswick), city in central Germany, Lower Saxony⌊BrunswiciBraunschweig (Brunswick), city in central Germany, Lower Saxony⌋ aegrotus. Heinrich Treusch von Buttlar (Langhessus) ⌊IlliusHeinrich Treusch von Buttlar (Langhessus) ⌋ praesentia quia pro responso, quod a Vandalicis accepimus civitatibus, haudquaquam est necessaria, permittetur ibidem quiescere. Nos autem die crastino, qui est Symonis et Iudae, Lüneburg (Lunaeburgum), city in northern Germany, Lower Saxony, 44 km SE of Hamburg, a member of the Hanseatic League⌊hincLüneburg (Lunaeburgum), city in northern Germany, Lower Saxony, 44 km SE of Hamburg, a member of the Hanseatic League⌋ discedemus, quod tibi noluimus esse ignotum, ad quem per opportunitatem scribemus.

Et bene vale, Domine et amice honorandissime.

Ex animo Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae inservitor et filius Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelius Duplicius ScepperusCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ scripsit

Postscript No. 1:

Hanc hiemem spero me transacturum in aula Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊reginae MariaeMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋, nisi vocer Naples (Napoli, Neapolis), city in Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, capital of the region of Campania⌊NeapolimNaples (Napoli, Neapolis), city in Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, capital of the region of Campania⌋ ad Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋. Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊GodtscalcusGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋ noster haud dubie rediturus est ad eundem Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋. Salutamus vos omnes.

Postscript No. 2:

Mitto ad Reverendissimam Dominationem Vestram aliquot quaterniones de expeditione Aphricana, quamquam satis puto eadem illa Reverendissimae Dominationi Vestrae sat nota esse, in omnem tamen eventum.

[2]Reverendissime in Christo Pater, domine observandissime.

Cum dominus Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelius ScepperusCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ omnia, quae nunc occurrunt, ad Vestram Reverendissimam Dominationem abunde utriusque nomine scripserit, superfluum videtur eadem diversis litteris repetere. Commendo tamen me ex toto pectore Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi, cui omnia felicissima apprecor, et si quid umquam fuerit, in quo Reverendissimae Vestrae Dominationi inservire possim, comperiet omnia defuisse potius, quam bonam voluntatem.

Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis deditissimus inservitor Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊Sassenkerle GotschalcusGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋

[2 ] Here begins the part of the letter written by Godschalk Ericksen in his own hand