UUB, H. 154, f. 149v

Reverendissimis in Christo patribus et dominis, Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Hans Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioanni VarmiensiIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Hans Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ et Tiedemann Giese (Tidemannus Gisius) (*1480 – †1550), ennobled by King Sigismund I in 1519; 1504–1538 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1516–1527 and 1533–1537 Judicial Vicar and Vicar General of Ermland; 1523–1538 Custos of Ermland; 1537–1549 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1549–1550 Bishop of Ermland (BORAWSKA 1984)⌊Tidemanno CulmensiTiedemann Giese (Tidemannus Gisius) (*1480 – †1550), ennobled by King Sigismund I in 1519; 1504–1538 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1516–1527 and 1533–1537 Judicial Vicar and Vicar General of Ermland; 1523–1538 Custos of Ermland; 1537–1549 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1549–1550 Bishop of Ermland (BORAWSKA 1984)⌋ Dei gratia episcopis, fratribus et amicis observan(dis) or observan(dissimis)⌈observan(dis)observan(dis) or observan(dissimis)⌉

UUB, H. 154, f. 146r

Reverendissimi in Christo patres, domini amici carissimi et honoran(di) or honoran(dissimi)⌈honoran(di)honoran(di) or honoran(dissimi)⌉. Mutuam benevolentiam.

1547-01-09⌊Quinto Idus Ianuarias1547-01-09⌋ accepi cf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌊epistulamcf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌋, quam ad me Reverendissimae Dominationes Vestrae 1546-12-07⌊septimo Id(us) Decembr(es)1546-12-07⌋ dederunt, et eam quidem Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋ missam, qua in re, ut non mirer, tardius esse redditam quam fieri alioqui potuit, illud non satis intelligo, cur illac potissimum iter ad me instituisset, obmisso hoc, ut usitatiore et breviore ita commodiore itinere.

In ipsa cf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌊epistulacf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌋ multa sunt, quibus responderi oportet, quae Stoicus fortasse quispiam, aut si quis in conservanda amicitia cum Dominationibus Vestris Reverendissimis negligens haberi vellet, contemnat, ego vero tum pro humanitate mea, tum ne causam dedisse videar, quominus benevolentia mutua inter nos constet, contemnere nec possum nec volo.

Publicam fuisse vocem et communem omnium in Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊illis terrisPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ querelam de laesa terrarum suarum libertate Dominationes mihi Vestrae Reverendissimae significant, cui ut obviam eatur sine relatione rei ad Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria

Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza⌊principesSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria

Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza⌋ ordinationis meae rationem in monasteriis dioecesis meae intelligere se ex me cupivisse, Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae principio scribunt. In quo priorum cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS, Tiedemann GIESE & Stanisław KOSTKA to Andrzej ZEBRZYDOWSKI 1546-10-19 or shortly before, CIDTC IDL 7419, letter lost⌊litterarumcf. Ioannes DANTISCUS, Tiedemann GIESE & Stanisław KOSTKA to Andrzej ZEBRZYDOWSKI 1546-10-19 or shortly before, CIDTC IDL 7419, letter lost⌋ suarum consilium aperiunt. Ac primum quidem iactatas eas voces fuisse tametsi nihil miror (famam enim effugere quotusquisque potest in tam maledico saeculo?), tamen falso iactatas fuisse ostendendum est iterum atque iterum.

Si suam in dioecesi sua iurisdictionem exercere, si cultum divinum profligatum in ecclesias revocare, si populo sacrificiis orbato prospicere, si oppressos homines vindicare, si possessiones direptas et laceras colligere atque reficere, libertatem Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊terrarumPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ laedere est, ego, ego sum ille libertatis violator, perditus ac nefarius in Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia), the kingdom⌊republicaPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia), the kingdom⌋ senator. Quid est enim eorum, quae gessi, quod non ex earum rerum numero esse videatur? Nam tota primum ordinatio ipsa ex iurisdictionis veluti fonte profecta est, unde sacerdotum maior numerus cultus divini et administrandorum sacramentorum causa, unde illa procuratorum abalienatio, quos, nescio, cuius auctoritas procuratores esse voluit, cum magno monasteriorum onere et dispendio, unde et meorum famulorum praefectura custodiendarum illarum possessionum gratia instituta, prosiliit ac emana UUB, H. 154, f. 146v vit. Sed cum id omne auctore quodammodo serenissimo Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊rege nostroSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ summo libertatis custode, tutore, alumno gesserim, et cum id Holy See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌊Sedi ipsi ApostolicaeHoly See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌋, quam ut veritatis ita libertatis etiam et omnium virtutum columnam atque stabilimentum confitemur, probari videam, non possum existimare hanc esse libertatis oppressionem. Sunt mihi super ea re et Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊maiestatis regiaeSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ et Holy See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌊Sedis ApostolicaeHoly See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌋ litterae, quas, si opus erit sique Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae volent, videre poterunt.

Haec ego omnia tametsi per priores meas ad Dominationes Vestras detulissem effici tamen non potuit, quin res ipsa, ad Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria

Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza⌊principesSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria

Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza⌋ delata sit, quod quominus fieret Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae inire rationem his cognitis debuerunt, ut scribunt. Ego tamen delatam esse gaudeo.

Sed perpendant illud, quaeso, Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae, si tum integra erat Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊terrarumPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ libertas, cum monasteriis illi praeerant, qui praeerant, homines prophani magis et soluti quam isti, quos ego institui, cur nunc laesa putatur, cum illis abrogatis hi succedunt, quos et spiritualis, ut ita dicam, homo in bonis spiritualium instituit et episcopus atque loci ordinarius in sua dioecesi? Num quid libertati terrarum decedit, si praefecti mutentur? Num, ut libertas terrarum perpetua esse debet, ita illos praefectos perpetuos esse oportuit, ut ne cum vita quidem ipsa praefectura exuantur? Sed Inhabitants of Poland ⌊PolonosInhabitants of Poland ⌋ in Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊PrussiaPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ praefecisseti? Audio et fateor. Sed quid vetat, obsecro, ut The Prussians ⌊PrutenosThe Prussians ⌋ in Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia), the kingdom⌊PoloniaPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia), the kingdom⌋ ita Inhabitants of Poland ⌊PolonosInhabitants of Poland ⌋ in Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊PrussiaPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ praefici? Praesertim si id non in arcium propugnaculis fiat, sed in monasteriorum episcopatus et dioecesis nostrae claustris. Ego id superinscribed⌈idid superinscribed⌉ certe nihil ad perturbandam libertatem Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊terrarumPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ facere, immo ad tuendam utrimque amicitiam plurimum pertinere arbitrarer.

Verum si non ex ipsa praefectorum mutatione, sed ex eo, quod mutationem induxerimus nos, quos ipsi veluti externos et nihil ad Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊ducatum PrussiaePrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ pertinentes existimant, laesa esse terrarum libertas videtur, laesa non videbitur, si nos unum ex Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌊consiliariis PrussiaeCouncil of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌋ esse cognoverint. Nam cum Pomeraniae palatinus inter Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌊Prussiae consiliariosCouncil of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌋ est cooptatus, causa non est, cur episcopus Pomeraniae ex illa sessione atque consilio eiiciatur. Quamobrem, quid optimatibus Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊PrussiaePrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ iure conceditur aut umquam UUB, H. 154, f. 147r antehac concessum est, huius pars iusta, quin in nos quoque deriuet, non video. Iamvero, si nemo libertatem violatam esse clamaret, quod praefecti sint a quopiam ex primoribus illius Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊terraePrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ instituti, quin fit, ut mea institutio violatio libertatum esse dicatur? Quae et officio ipso nostro primum nititur, deinde litteris Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊maiestatis regiaeSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ et Holy See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌊Sedis ApostolicaeHoly See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌋ fulta est, nullius postremo iurisdictioni est adversa. Etenim, si quos illud male habet, quod per episcopatum Pomerania⌊PomeraniaePomerania⌋ in Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌊consiliariorum Pruss(iae)Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)⌋ numerum relati simus, hi actum agunt, ut est in proverbio. Consilium enim illud, quo episcopatus hic Pomerania⌊PomeraniaePomerania⌋ Vladislaviensi ecclesiae accessit, non modo robur suum atque auctoritatem habet ex pia illa prudentia principum Polonorum et Prussorum, unde depromptum est, sed etiam tempore ipso et vetustate non mediocriter est confirmatum, ita ut reclamare illi nunc velle, quemadmodum intempestiuum ita vanum sit. Ergo ordinatione mea Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊terrarumPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania, and Livonia. From 1466 it was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici), comprising the remnants of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525 the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), thereafter known as Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). By the Treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ libertas nihil fert incommodi, quin potius, cum eaipsa ordinatio ita oppugnatur, laeditur libertas ipsa terrarum, quae mihi aeque cum aliis consiliariis et indigenis communis est, labefactatur iurisdictio ecclesiastica, dignitas mea convellitur.

Illud iam Dominationibus Vestris Reverendissimis, quibus ego maiorem prudentiam et propter aetatem etiam experientiam tribuo, iudicandum relinquo, rectene fecerint, quod ordinationem meam in rebus ecclesiarum subiecerint, ut scribunt, iudicio et sententiae hominum saecularium. Quinpotius metropolitani nostri? Quin synodi ipsius? Quin Holy See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌊Sedis ApostolicaeHoly See (Sedes Apostolica) ⌋? Aut, si lentius mecum et magis Christiane agere voluissent, quinpotius me privatim ipsae non inita cum magnifico Stanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), leader of the so-called nobles’ party, active in Royal Prussia from 1536, and opponent of most members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who sought to preserve the province’s autonomy and a balance of power in its governance. Tensions between Kostka, Prussian Treasurer, and the Council had been growing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Sent there as the King’s deputy, Kostka, contrary to custom, took part in the proceedings, prompting the Council to suspend the meeting. He accused its members of hostility towards the Poles and appealed to the royal court. In the absence of Mauritius Ferber, Bishop of Ermland, the Diet was chaired by Dantiscus, and the incident seriously damaged his later relations with Kostka; 1531–1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544–1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg); 1545–1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546–1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546–1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551–1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌊domino palatinoStanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), leader of the so-called nobles’ party, active in Royal Prussia from 1536, and opponent of most members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who sought to preserve the province’s autonomy and a balance of power in its governance. Tensions between Kostka, Prussian Treasurer, and the Council had been growing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Sent there as the King’s deputy, Kostka, contrary to custom, took part in the proceedings, prompting the Council to suspend the meeting. He accused its members of hostility towards the Poles and appealed to the royal court. In the absence of Mauritius Ferber, Bishop of Ermland, the Diet was chaired by Dantiscus, and the incident seriously damaged his later relations with Kostka; 1531–1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544–1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg); 1545–1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546–1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546–1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551–1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌋, homine utique prophano, societate admonuerunt, si quid tale erat, in quo admonendus videbar? Non minus mihi gratae illarum cf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌊litteraecf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌋ fuissent, quam sunt istae, tametsi multo sunt cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS, Tiedemann GIESE & Stanisław KOSTKA to Andrzej ZEBRZYDOWSKI 1546-10-19 or shortly before, CIDTC IDL 7419, letter lost⌊prioribuscf. Ioannes DANTISCUS, Tiedemann GIESE & Stanisław KOSTKA to Andrzej ZEBRZYDOWSKI 1546-10-19 or shortly before, CIDTC IDL 7419, letter lost⌋ vehementiores et rem ipsam tardius agunt, quam oportuit. Ego enim, cum ex cf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌊litteriscf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌋ Dominationum Vestrarum Reverendissimarum intellexissem rem ad saeculares, ut vocant, devolvi, confugeram ad Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimum regemSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ etiam, ut iurisdictionem ecclesiasticam meam bracchio UUB, H. 154, f. 147v suo tueatur, ubi res iam ita est intricata, ut expediri nondum possit. Hinc illae tragoediae, de quibus scribunt Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae, quae tamen, ut ego credo, in comoedias transibunt ac veluti mutabuntur hinc illi labores, quos ego quidem inuitus perfero, et Dominationes Vestras Reverendissimas mecum in eadem naui esse illosque perferre oportebit.

Commissionem regiam non est, quod mihi obiiciant, pro qua non ego, sed reverendissimus dominus Mikołaj Dzierzgowski (*ca. 1490 – †1559), at least from 1514 canon of Warsaw; 1518 notary in the royal chancery; before 1522 Canon of Płock; 1525 collector of taxes on behalf of the Płock Chapter; 1538 Dean of the Płock Chapter; 1541 Bishop of Chełm; 1543 Bishop of Włocławek; 1545 Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland; 1544 royal envoy to the Prussian Provincial Diet in Malbork (PSB 6, p. 145-150)⌊archiepiscopusMikołaj Dzierzgowski (*ca. 1490 – †1559), at least from 1514 canon of Warsaw; 1518 notary in the royal chancery; before 1522 Canon of Płock; 1525 collector of taxes on behalf of the Płock Chapter; 1538 Dean of the Płock Chapter; 1541 Bishop of Chełm; 1543 Bishop of Włocławek; 1545 Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland; 1544 royal envoy to the Prussian Provincial Diet in Malbork (PSB 6, p. 145-150)⌋ supplicavit, et rerum gerendarum non auctorem illam, sed adminiculum esse voluit. Quemadmodum ego profecto vi iurisdictionis meae feci, quicquid feci, sed illa etiam, uti volui, commissione ad extinguenda odia hominum et temeritati iter praecludendum itaque non tum ad vnguem illam {non} servavi, sed vix primoribus, quod aiunt, labris attigi.

Quod post scripta mea, quae non improbabilem, ut est in cf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌊litteriscf. , CIDTC IDL 7527⌋ Dominationum Vestrarum Reuerendissimarum gestorum speciem depingebant, rem deinceps bene explorare ac mederi, tandem his incommodis cum dignitate voluerunt Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae ita respondeo. Testimonium meum de ipsa ordinatione et potuisse sufficere et debuisse Dominationibus Vestris Reverendissimis. Quae cum in ipsis monasteriis praesentes nunc non fuerint, sed rem nonnisi relationibus quorundam accepissent, non maior fides aliorum verbis, quam scriptis meis esse debuit, praesertim apud homines eadem mecum dignitate, excellentiore prudentia, opibus maioribus. Non rei enim speciem scripta mea depingebant, sed rem ipsissimam exprimebant. At vero neque satis scio, an explorare etiam res gestas meas Reverendissimis Dominationibus Vestris iure conveniat, vereor enim, ne hoc sit falcem mittere in alienam messem. Incommodis mederi voluerunt Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae cum dignitate. Quae fuerint incommoda, non video, his tamen, si mederi cum dignitate sua, tum non etiam mea, voluerunt, haud satis sunt functi episcoporum amicorum officio, si cum nostra etiam, video illam, proh dolor, his remediis illarum vehementer laesa esse, quod nos magnopere adfligit.

Reliquum est, ut de contumeliis dicamus, et de nescio quibus crapulis. Ego, dum neque ipse cognovi neque ullius bonae fidei testimono didici UUB, H. 154, f. 148r aliquem improbum esse, scelestum, perditum hominem, probos esse et bonos viros omnes existimo, et quamquam de illorum probitate nihil mihi nonnumquam constet, in hanc tamen malo partem peccare, ut bonos esse sentiam. De Dominationum Vestrarum Reverendissimarum egregia virtute multa mihi sunt argumento, prudentia primum, quae mihi ex rebus earum gestis iam pridem perspecta est, tum is honos atque dignitas, quo nonnisi virtuti, integritati, innocentiae fores patent, deinde ea de republica cura, quam litterae illarum prae se ferre videntur, quae, si in hoc facto meo minus necessaria videtur, hoc ego illorum sermoni tribuo, qui rem aliter, quam fuit, apud Reuerendissimas Dominationes Vestras retulerunt. Postremo, quod ab amore mei video illas non penitus esse alienas. Quamobrem contumeliis illas non tantum non affeci umquam, sed sine honorofica mentione numquam nominavi. Ut iam non mirari non possim, quid iis in mentem venerit, qui has mihi contumelias impegerunt. Unum illud excipio, quod cum Gdańsk City Council ⌊domini GedanensesGdańsk City Council ⌋ contionatorem a me praesentatum suscipere noluissent ac eius rei causam eam dicerent, quod a reverendissimo Tiedemann Giese (Tidemannus Gisius) (*1480 – †1550), ennobled by King Sigismund I in 1519; 1504–1538 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1516–1527 and 1533–1537 Judicial Vicar and Vicar General of Ermland; 1523–1538 Custos of Ermland; 1537–1549 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1549–1550 Bishop of Ermland (BORAWSKA 1984)⌊domino CulmensiTiedemann Giese (Tidemannus Gisius) (*1480 – †1550), ennobled by King Sigismund I in 1519; 1504–1538 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1516–1527 and 1533–1537 Judicial Vicar and Vicar General of Ermland; 1523–1538 Custos of Ermland; 1537–1549 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1549–1550 Bishop of Ermland (BORAWSKA 1984)⌋ dioecesi sua pulsus sit, et ego quaerendam mihi pulsionis causam ex illo ipso contionatore sumerem illeque respondisset propterea id sibi accidisse, quod a Roman Catholic Church ⌊Romanae ecclesiaeRoman Catholic Church ⌋ sancitis declinare Martin Luther (Martinus Lutherus) (*1483 – †1546), theologian, leader and originator of the German Reformation⌊Martini LuteriMartin Luther (Martinus Lutherus) (*1483 – †1546), theologian, leader and originator of the German Reformation⌋ dogma profiteri noluit. Dixi in postera sessione Gdańsk City Council ⌊d(ominis) G(edanensibus)Gdańsk City Council ⌋ hunc contionatorem pulsum se esse dicere non turpis alicuius vitii non suspectae doctrinae causa, sed quod constans fuisset in praedicatione evangelii ac tuendis Roman Catholic Church ⌊ecclesiae RomanaeRoman Catholic Church ⌋ placitis, non quod ita ego affirmarem, qui ne pulsum quidem esse eum antea sciui, sed quod ita ab eo accepissem. Hae sunt scilicet meae contumeliae. Nam ex crapula in litteras aliquid referri, ne quid dicatur quidem, intelligo. Hoc scio, cibi mihi et potus moderationem summopere semper placuisse, quippe cuius natura crapulam omnem et temulentiam semper abhorruit. Ea, si a quoque Dominationibus Vestris Reverendissimis est attributa, nescio, mihi certe, neque ipse eius UUB, H. 154, f. 148v rei sum conscius neque Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae hic me, ut existimo, accusant, quae ita impersonaliter protulerunt, ne e crapula in litteras aliquod relatum iterum fingi possit. Sed de his satis.

Illud Reverendissimae Dominationes Vestrae etiam atque etiam cogitent, ne ex his initiis, quae in me ex Dominationibus Vestris Reuerendissimis profecta sunt, magnum aliquod malum ingruat in ecclesias illarum, idque opinione citius. Quid enim prohibebit eadem ratione istos in iurisdictionem Dominationum Vestrarum Reverendissimarum se ingerere, cum, quod se in meam ingesserint, id ductu atque consilio illarum (quae obices se potius iis rebus ponere debuerant) fecerint. Ego ut iam in illis litteris iurisdictione sim diminutus, cui tamen totis conatibus obsistam cum magna senatorum et gravissimorum virorum ope atque assistentia. Hic apud nos certe integram conservabo. Porro Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae, si quemadmodum, ut ipsae fatentur et ego comperi, multorum ac fere omnium obtrectationibus subsunt, ita iurisdictione sua semel diminui coeperint, verendum est, ne tota simul exuantur. Audaciae et temeritati, nisi radices praecideris, quominus in herbam exeat, ac deinde fructus pariat, efficere non poteris. Huic ergo meo periculo tanto magis succurrere deberent Dominationes Vestrae Reverendissimae, quanto magis res nobis est communis atque etiam fortassis Dominationibus Vestris Reverendissimis magis propria. Scio haec acutius a Dominationibus Vestris Reverendissimis videri, sed tamen pro mea in illas benevolentia et pro officio ac professione mea continere me non potui, quin submoneam, ne sit tandem aliquis, qui in interitu illarum rideat. Quod Deus Optimus Maximus ab ecclesia sua avertat, praecor. Dominationes Vestras Reverendissimas bene valere meque amare opto.

Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌈Dat(ae)Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌉ probably Włocławek (Vladislavia, Ladislavia, Leslau), city in northern Poland, Kujawy, on the Vistula river, episcopal see⌊domi nostraeprobably Włocławek (Vladislavia, Ladislavia, Leslau), city in northern Poland, Kujawy, on the Vistula river, episcopal see⌋, XIII-a Ianuarii M D XL VII.

Dominationum Vestrarum Reverendissimarum amicus Andrzej Zebrzydowski (*1496 – †1560), pupil and householder of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1530(?) dean at the collegiate chapter in Łęczyca; 1530 Cracow canon; 1531 - Płock; 1532 scholastic at the collegiate chapter in Warsaw; 1538 Poznań canon; 1543 bishop of Kamieniec; 1545 - Chełm; 1546 - Włocławek; 1551 - Cracow; chaplain of queen Bona Sforza; 1543 royal envoy to Roman King Ferdinand von Habsburg; 1549 - to Queen of Hungary Isabela Zápolya (Wy, 272)⌊AndreasAndrzej Zebrzydowski (*1496 – †1560), pupil and householder of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1530(?) dean at the collegiate chapter in Łęczyca; 1530 Cracow canon; 1531 - Płock; 1532 scholastic at the collegiate chapter in Warsaw; 1538 Poznań canon; 1543 bishop of Kamieniec; 1545 - Chełm; 1546 - Włocławek; 1551 - Cracow; chaplain of queen Bona Sforza; 1543 royal envoy to Roman King Ferdinand von Habsburg; 1549 - to Queen of Hungary Isabela Zápolya (Wy, 272)⌋ Dei gratia episcopus Vladislaviensis et Pomerania⌊PomeraniaePomerania⌋