Quid Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcusSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ agat et terra et mari Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi sunt notiora quam mihi. Ac tamen pridie sacrae Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesareae maiestatisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ Lope de Soria (†ca. 1560)⌊oratorLope de Soria (†ca. 1560)⌋[1] ex Venice (Venezia, Venetiae), city in northeastern Italy, capital of the Republic of Venice⌊VenetiisVenice (Venezia, Venetiae), city in northeastern Italy, capital of the Republic of Venice⌋ scripsit huc İbrahim Pasha (*ca. 1493 – †1536), in 1536 the Sultan, worried about his growing importance, had him strangled and confiscated his property; 1523-1536 Grand Vizier and Serasker (supreme commander of the army) of Sultan Suleiman I and his trusted advisor (AT 16/1, No. 147, p. 286-295; CLOT 2012, p. 94-98; DZIUBIŃSKI, p. 104-106, 112-114; POCIECHA 4, p. 192)⌊Imbrami Bassamİbrahim Pasha (*ca. 1493 – †1536), in 1536 the Sultan, worried about his growing importance, had him strangled and confiscated his property; 1523-1536 Grand Vizier and Serasker (supreme commander of the army) of Sultan Suleiman I and his trusted advisor (AT 16/1, No. 147, p. 286-295; CLOT 2012, p. 94-98; DZIUBIŃSKI, p. 104-106, 112-114; POCIECHA 4, p. 192)⌋ a Persis certo profligatum et gravem iacturam accepisse[2], Hayreddin Barbarossa (Khair al-Din) (*ca. 1478 – †1546), famous pirate, from 1518 the service of the Ottomans; conqueror of Algiers (1519) and Tunis (1534); in 1535, after the attack of the imperial fleet under the command of Andrea Doria, he lost control of Tunis; in 1538 he occupied a number of Venetian islands in the Aegean and plundered Crete; in the same year the Ottoman fleet under his command defeated the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Preveza ; 1532 grand admiral of the Ottoman fleet (CE, vol. 2, p. 259-260)⌊BarbarossamHayreddin Barbarossa (Khair al-Din) (*ca. 1478 – †1546), famous pirate, from 1518 the service of the Ottomans; conqueror of Algiers (1519) and Tunis (1534); in 1535, after the attack of the imperial fleet under the command of Andrea Doria, he lost control of Tunis; in 1538 he occupied a number of Venetian islands in the Aegean and plundered Crete; in the same year the Ottoman fleet under his command defeated the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Preveza ; 1532 grand admiral of the Ottoman fleet (CE, vol. 2, p. 259-260)⌋[3] vero iam Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaeItaly (Italia)⌋ fines attigisse praedamque aliqualem abegisse[4]. Aiunt eum tendere versus Genoa (Genova, Genua, Ianua), city and capital of the homonymous Republic in north-western Italy, Liguria, on the Gulf of Genoa, a seaport from 1528 ally and satellite of Spain⌊IanuamGenoa (Genova, Genua, Ianua), city and capital of the homonymous Republic in north-western Italy, Liguria, on the Gulf of Genoa, a seaport from 1528 ally and satellite of Spain⌋[5], quo etiam Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊GallusFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋[6] cum Germano milite contendit[7]. Forte Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ habebit novos hospites, ut deinde aliquando meditabitur consulere in perniciem The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊TurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋. Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊Caesarea et catholica maiestasCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ cunctatur, usque videbit opportunitatem suae innatae fortunae[8], habet tamen plusquam quinquaginta triremes peroptime armatas, quae suo expertissimo Andrea Doria (Andrea Auria, Andrea D' Oria) (*1466 – †1560), Italian condottiere and a famous seaman in the service of Genoa; 1512-1522 commander of the Genoan fleet, in 1522 he entered the service of Francis I of Valois, King of France, as a captain-general at sea; in 1526 (after the Battle of Pavia) he became commander of the League of Cognac's fleet; from 1528 imperial Chief Admiral on the Mediterranean, from 1531 Duke of Melfi, and from 1555 Censor of Genoa (actually a Genoan administrator) (JURIEN de la GRAVIÈRE, p. 203-205; CURREY, p. 87-98)⌊duceAndrea Doria (Andrea Auria, Andrea D' Oria) (*1466 – †1560), Italian condottiere and a famous seaman in the service of Genoa; 1512-1522 commander of the Genoan fleet, in 1522 he entered the service of Francis I of Valois, King of France, as a captain-general at sea; in 1526 (after the Battle of Pavia) he became commander of the League of Cognac's fleet; from 1528 imperial Chief Admiral on the Mediterranean, from 1531 Duke of Melfi, and from 1555 Censor of Genoa (actually a Genoan administrator) (JURIEN de la GRAVIÈRE, p. 203-205; CURREY, p. 87-98)⌋ invigilabunt pro tempore etc.

Quam mercedem ille Imre Czibak (Emericus Cybak de Palotha, Imre Csibak) (†1534)⌊Emericus CzibakImre Czibak (Emericus Cybak de Palotha, Imre Csibak) (†1534)⌋[9] ex sua fidelitate per Alvise Gritti (Lodovico Gritti) (*1480 – †1534), illegitimate son of Andrea Gritti, one of the most influential people in the Hungarian Kingdom under the reign of John Zápolya; 1530-1534 Governor and Chief Captain of Hungary (SZÁKALY)⌊Luduvicum GrittiAlvise Gritti (Lodovico Gritti) (*1480 – †1534), illegitimate son of Andrea Gritti, one of the most influential people in the Hungarian Kingdom under the reign of John Zápolya; 1530-1534 Governor and Chief Captain of Hungary (SZÁKALY)⌋ accepit in Transylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌊TransilvaniaTransylvania, region in the central part of Romania, bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range. Historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains⌋ quidque posthac secutum ibidem, non dubito Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi notissima esse. In Denmark (Dania)⌊DaniaDenmark (Dania)⌋, tanquam contermina Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌊PoloniaePoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌋, sunt pariter aperta[10], alias sunt quieta omnia. Serenissimus Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Romanorum rexFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋, dominus meus clementissimus ordinatis rebus Bohemicis se huc contulit, ut etiam rebus Hungaricis aliquantum provideret et consulat[11]. Hoc enim Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊regnum HungariaeHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋[12] per nunc se male habet, cum videt se tyrannidi> summae subiectum[13]. Forte Deus miserebitur illi.

In Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ per nunc pacata sunt omnia. Non dubito quin Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi varia narrata sunt de pace, quam serenissimus Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊rex meusFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ cum Ulrich von Württemberg (*1487 – †1550), 1498-1519 and 1534-1550 duke of Württemberg⌊duce WirtenbergensiUlrich von Württemberg (*1487 – †1550), 1498-1519 and 1534-1550 duke of Württemberg⌋ et Philip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)⌊landgravio HessiaePhilip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)⌋ iniit[14], quae tamen nec tam turpis nec tam damnosa, ut nollem eam conclusam. Variae practicae sunt per hanc interruptae, ut ferme nulli fuerunt, qui credidissent hanc posse subsequi. Multo maiora ex ea sequentur commoda[15], quam ex recuperatione ducatus illius, ex quo regia maiestas nullum emolimentum unquam habuit neque in vita habuisset[16]. Haec omnia volui Vestrae Reverendisimae Dominationi ex devotione mea erga Eandem ita currenti calamo perscribere, ut satisfacerem debito meo. Cui me tanquam domino meo singulari et observando commendo.

Ex Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊Vienna AustriaeVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ XXVIIII Augusti, anno Domini 1534.

Eiusdem Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae deditissimus Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊Sigismundus ab HerberschyberSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋

[1 ] Lope de Soria after Charles V abdicated, was Ferdinand I’s envoy to the Swiss Cantons (cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌊KF IVcf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌋, No. 739, p. 171, No. 768, p. 228, 233, No. 791, 264-265, No. 794, p. 269, 272, No. 839, p. 367, 371-372; cf. Corpus Documental de Carlos V, vol. 1 (1516-1539), ed. by Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Salamanca, 1973 ⌊CDCV 1cf. Corpus Documental de Carlos V, vol. 1 (1516-1539), ed. by Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Salamanca, 1973 ⌋, No. 166-167, p. 405-408; cf. Miguel Ángel Ochoa Brun, "Die Diplomatie Karls V" in: Karl V. 1500-1558. Neue Perspektiven seiner Herrschaft in Europa und Übersee, Wien, 2002, p. 181-196 ⌊OCHOA BRUNcf. Miguel Ángel Ochoa Brun, "Die Diplomatie Karls V" in: Karl V. 1500-1558. Neue Perspektiven seiner Herrschaft in Europa und Übersee, Wien, 2002, p. 181-196 ⌋, p. 185)

[2 ] Cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-04-25, CIDTC IDL 6283⌊IDL 6283cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-04-25, CIDTC IDL 6283⌋, footnote 5

[3 ] Barbarossa Acting with the approval of Francis I, who was trying to regain Genoa and Milan, in August 1534 seized Tunis (regained in 1535 by Charles V). In 1538 Barbarossa won the naval battle at Preveza in the region of Epir against the fleet of the Holy League under the command of Andrea Doria, which consolidated the Ottoman Empire’s rule in the Mediterranean until the battle of Lepanto in 1571

[4 ] A reference to the operation of Barbarossa’s fleet of 90 galleys and 200 boats, which from early August 1534 attacked and destroyed ports on the southwestern coast of Italy, starting with Messina. Barbarossa also attacked Fondi, situated inland, halfway between Rome and Naples, from where he planned to kidnap the famous beauty Gulia Gonzaga for Suleiman I. The subsequent pillaging of Terracina and Procida caused panic in Rome and Naples (see cf. Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de la Gravière, Doria et Barberousse, Paris, 1886 ⌊Gravièrecf. Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de la Gravière, Doria et Barberousse, Paris, 1886 ⌋, p. 228-230; cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌊KF 4cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌋, No. 794, p. 272-273; cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌊AT 16/2cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌋, No. 578, p. 368-369)

[5 ] From 1528, thanks to Andrea Doria (see letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1532-08-22, CIDTC IDL 819⌊IDL 819cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1532-08-22, CIDTC IDL 819⌋, footnote 22) Genoa was the restored GenoanRepublic which remained under the protectorate of Charles V

[6 ] Francis I did not take part personally in the previously mentioned expedition to Genoa (see footnote 10)

[7 ] A reference to the attempted capture of Genoa in spring 1534 by the French fleet under Francesco di Saluzzo, with simultaneous bloody riots instigated in the city by supporters of France (see cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌊AT 16/1cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌋, No. 270, p. 502; cf. cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌊POCIECHA 4cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌋, p. 184)

[8 ] Probably an allusion to Charles V’s tendency to turn to astrology when he needed to make a decision, see e.g. Dantiscus to Sigismund I, Valladolid, February 25, 1523 (cf. Españoles y Polacos en la Corte de Carlos V. Cartas del embajador Juan Dantisco, ed. by Antonio Fontán, Jerzy Axer, Isabel Velázquez, Jerzy Mańkowski, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1994 ⌊Españolescf. Españoles y Polacos en la Corte de Carlos V. Cartas del embajador Juan Dantisco, ed. by Antonio Fontán, Jerzy Axer, Isabel Velázquez, Jerzy Mańkowski, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1994 ⌋, part II, No. 11, p. 153); Cornelis De Schepper to Dantiscus, Augsburg, September 14, 1532, cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Augsburg, 1532-09-14, CIDTC IDL 832⌊IDL 832cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Augsburg, 1532-09-14, CIDTC IDL 832⌋ (cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 14, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Poznań, Biblioteka Kórnicka, 1952 ⌊AT 14cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 14, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Poznań, Biblioteka Kórnicka, 1952 ⌋, No. 429, p. 641), cf. Cornelis De Schepper to Ioannes Dantiscus, Binche, June 12, 1546 (fair copy – autograph, UUB, H. 155, f. 123r-124v; cf. Henry De Vocht, John Dantiscus and his Netherlandish friends as revealed by their correspondence 1522-1546 published from the original documents, Louvain, 1961 ⌊DE VOCHT 1961cf. Henry De Vocht, John Dantiscus and his Netherlandish friends as revealed by their correspondence 1522-1546 published from the original documents, Louvain, 1961 ⌋, p. 391, cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974⌊IDL 2974cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974⌋)

[9 ] Imre Czibak (Csibak) murdered at the order of Lodovico Gritti on the night of August 11/12, 1534, having planned an insurrection against him as the governor of Hungary devoted to Turkey. The murder speeded up the outbreak of an insurrection against Gritti in Transylvania, led by Stefan Mailath (see cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌊AT 16/2cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌋, No. 475, p. 172; cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌊KF 4cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌋, No. 812, p. 312-313; cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌊POCIECHA 4cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌋, p. 180-181, 193; cf. Ferenc Szákaly, Ludovico Gritti in Hungary 1529-1534. A Historical Insight into the Beginnings of Turco-Habsburgian Rivalry, Budapest, 1995 ⌊Szakálycf. Ferenc Szákaly, Ludovico Gritti in Hungary 1529-1534. A Historical Insight into the Beginnings of Turco-Habsburgian Rivalry, Budapest, 1995 ⌋, p. 90-92

[10 ] Dantiscus was informed on a current basis about the course of events in war-torn Denmark, as evidenced by the letter of Warmia bishop Maurycy Ferber dated June 12, 1534 and Gdańsk Mayor Johann Werden’s letter dated August 20, 1534 (see cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌊AT 16/1cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌋, No. 333, p. 612-614, cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌊AT 16/2cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌋, No. 420, p. 86-88, cf. cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌊AT 16/1cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌋, No. 352, p. 645-647, No. 379, p. 688-689, cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌊AT 16/2cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌋, No. 400, p. 43-44)

[11 ] After the Treaty of Kaaden was signed (see footnote 25), between August 18 and September 2, 1534 Ferdinand I traveled from Prague to Vienna. In early August, Lodovico Gritti was still awaited there, who – as a representative of Suleiman I – was to present the sultan’s position on the terms of the peace with Turkey and the status of Hungary. Ferdinand I and Charles V wanted to achieve peace and gain Suleiman I’s recognition of Ferdinand I’s full rights to the Kingdom of Hungary (or at least to Ferdinand’s estates lying within its borders), in exchange for giving Koróni to Turkey. In the end, Gritti never arrived in Vienna. After the murder of Imre Czibak (see footnote 15), an insurrection against Gritti broke out, which ended in his death (see cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌊KF 4cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌋, No. 810-812, p. 311-313; cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌊AT 16/1cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌋, No. 236, p. 439-445, No. 321, p. 595, cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌊AT 16/2cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/2, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1961 ⌋, No. 475, p. 172, No. 552, p. 314, No. 578, p. 368, cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 17, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wacław Urban, Andrzej Wyczański, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1966 ⌊AT 17cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 17, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wacław Urban, Andrzej Wyczański, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1966 ⌋, No. 482, p. 600; cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌊POCIECHA 4cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌋, p. 167-169, 179-182; cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1533-08-07, CIDTC IDL 988⌊IDL 988cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1533-08-07, CIDTC IDL 988⌋, footnote 6 and No. 28, footnote 2 and 7)

[12 ] Herberstein expresses the position of Ferdinand I here, who claimed the right to the entire Kingdom of Hungary, and not just the part formally under his rule, known as Royal Hungary

[13 ] A reference to the fact that the part of the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by János I Zápolya was dependent on Suleiman I. In spring 1534, Francis Bebek began promoting the idea of liberating Hungary from Turkish tyranny (see cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌊AT 16/1cf. Acta Tomiciana, vol. 16/1, ed. by Władysław Pociecha, Wrocław - Kraków - Poznań, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1960 ⌋, No. 278, p. 516)

[14 ] After Philip I, the landgrave of Hesse, defeated Ferdinand I’s forces at Laufen and Ulrich regained the Duchy of Württemberg (see letter No. 29, footnotes 20-21), on June 29, 1534 Ferdinand I signed a peace treaty in Kaaden (Czech: Kadaň) near Cheb. In exchange for recognizing Ulrich’s rights to Württemberg and promising to comply with the terms of the so-called Nuremberg religious peace treaty, he obtained recognition of his title of king of the Romans by the Saxon elector, Johann Friedrich and his allies. Ludwig X and Wilhelm IV, dukes of Bavaria, signed a separate agreement with the Habsburgs in Linz on September 11, 1534 (cf. letter No. 28, footnote 24), but continued to maintain contacts with János I Zápolya. Herberstein witnessed the negotiations in Kaaden (see cf. Sigmund Herberstein, Sigmunds von Herberstein Selbstbiographie, ed. by Th. G. von Karajan, Wien, 1855, series: Fontes Rerum Austriacarum I Abteilung, Scriptores Band 1 ⌊HERBERSTEIN 1855cf. Sigmund Herberstein, Sigmunds von Herberstein Selbstbiographie, ed. by Th. G. von Karajan, Wien, 1855, series: Fontes Rerum Austriacarum I Abteilung, Scriptores Band 1 ⌋, p. 314-316; cf. Gratae posteritati Sigismundus liber baro in Herberstein Neyperg et Guettenhag, primarius ducatus Carinthiae hereditariusque et camerarius … actiones suas a puero ad annum usque aetatis suae septuagesimum quartum brevi commentariolo notatas reliquit, Vienna, Raphael Hofhalter, 1560 ⌊HERBERSTEIN 1560cf. Gratae posteritati Sigismundus liber baro in Herberstein Neyperg et Guettenhag, primarius ducatus Carinthiae hereditariusque et camerarius … actiones suas a puero ad annum usque aetatis suae septuagesimum quartum brevi commentariolo notatas reliquit, Vienna, Raphael Hofhalter, 1560 ⌋, f. D3r; cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌊KF 4cf. Die Korrespondenz Ferdinands I, vol. 4: Familienkorrespondenz 1533 und 1534, ed. by Christopher F. Laferl, Christina Lutter, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2000 ⌋, No. 794, p. 269-272; cf. Alfred Kohler, Ferdinand I. 1503-1564. Fürst, König unf Kaiser, München, 2003 ⌊KOHLER 2003cf. Alfred Kohler, Ferdinand I. 1503-1564. Fürst, König unf Kaiser, München, 2003 ⌋, p. 155-157; cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌊POCIECHA 4cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌋, p. 184; cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-04-25, CIDTC IDL 6283⌊IDL 6283cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-04-25, CIDTC IDL 6283⌋, footnote 24)

[15 ] Most likely a reference to the Protestant dukes’ recognition of Ferdinand I’s title of the king of the Romans and, under the Kaaden treaty, the dukes’ loyalty to Ferdinand in case of an external threat, as proved when Philip I, the landgrave of Hesse, came to Vienna at the start of 1535 to take command in the face of the threat of a Turkish attack (see cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌊POCIECHA 4cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌋, p. 184)

[16 ] A reference to the Duchy of Württemberg, which was ruled by the Habsburgs from 1519 to May 1534 (see letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-04-25, CIDTC IDL 6283⌊IDL 6283cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-04-25, CIDTC IDL 6283⌋, footnotes 20-21)