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Letter #67

[Ioannes DANTISCUS] to [Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon]
s.l., [before 1546-05-02]

English register:

Reliable news has reached Prussia that, at a general Diet recently held in Cracow (Kraków), the king [Sigismund I Jagiellon] granted the estates of Schlochau (Człuchów) to the voivode of Poznań [Janusz Latalski] and that of Mewe (Gniew) to the voivode of Płock [Feliks Srzeński]. The fact that both estates are to be held by men from the Kingdom of Poland, just as the estate of Roggenhausen (Rogoźno) is held by [Stanisław Sokołowski] of Warzymowo, has caused a considerable stir. Many are of the opinion that the Poles are seeking not only to deprive the Prussians of their privileges, but also to drive them out of Prussia and settle there themselves.

The cities in particular are deliberating and seeking ways to made sure they do not fall into subjection through the grants made to the said two powerful voivodes in contravention of their privileges. They invoke a passage [from the incorporation privilege of Prussia granted by Casimir Jagiellon in 1454] which stipulates that all ecclesiastical dignities and secular offices, as well as castles and landed estates, are to be granted only to indigenes in the strict sense of the term.

The addressee’s ancestors, his father in particular, confirmed these privileges on numerous occasions, including the aforementioned clause, authenticating the acts of confirmation with their own signatures, and yet the present course of action runs counter to those stipulations. For this reason, all are of the opinion that the king no longer has full command of this matter in his advanced age. He has always hitherto scrupulously observed his obligations, yet a privilege has now been issued under the great seal by virtue of which the estate of Schlochau is to be transferred to the voivode of Poznań. The estates of Royal Prussia make an appeal through Dantiscus and the Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno) [Tiedemann Giese], who have already written to the king previously, that consideration of the grant of the estate of Schlochau should be deferred to the Diet [of Royal Prussia] on the feast of Saint Stanislaus [8 May], from which they will send the king a joint position.

The arrival of a document ordering the immediate transfer of the said castle to the voivode of Poznań has caused general dismay. As president of the Council of Royal Prussia charged with oversight of local affairs, Dantiscus felt obliged to report that the present situation might give rise to further unrest in these lands, which are already under threat from heresy, not only in his diocese, but throughout all the addressee’s dominions. He was also prompted to share this information as soon as possible by the fact that the addressee encouraged him to write to him more frequently about matters concerning Royal Prussia which he considers to be significant.

Dantiscus asks the addressee to persuade his father to withhold the grant of the estate of Schlochau until the next Diet [of Royal Prussia]. The councillors would then be able to prevail upon the king, whether through envoys or by letter, to adopt a course of action most befitting him and his majesty.

Dantiscus has drawn up the present note at the addressee’s request. Lest it should one day be used against him, he commends himself to the addressee’s protection.




Manuscript sources:
1rough draft in Latin, autograph, BCz, 245, p. 292
2excerpt in Latin, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8244 (TK 6), a.1545, f. 3-4

 

Text & apparatus & commentary Plain text Text & commentary Text & apparatus

 

Perlatum est huc certo serenissimam Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriamaiestatem regiamSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria in Diet of Poland comitiisDiet of Poland nuper Cracoviensibus capitaneatum Sluchoviensem magnifico domino Janusz Latalski (†1557), brother of Jan Latalski, Archbishop of Gniezno; 1520–1529 Castellan of Ląd; 1529–1535 Castellan of Gniezno; 1535–1538 Voivode of Inowrocław; 1538–1557 Voivode of Poznań (PSB 16, p. 563; Urzędnicy 1/2, p. 211)palatino PosnaniensiJanusz Latalski (†1557), brother of Jan Latalski, Archbishop of Gniezno; 1520–1529 Castellan of Ląd; 1529–1535 Castellan of Gniezno; 1535–1538 Voivode of Inowrocław; 1538–1557 Voivode of Poznań (PSB 16, p. 563; Urzędnicy 1/2, p. 211) et alterum, Gnevensem, capitaneatum domino Feliks (Szczęsny) Srzeński (Sokołowski, Szreński) (*1502 – †1554), because of his Polish origin, his nomination to the starosty of Marienburg aroused opposition in Royal Prussia; 1521 Cup-Bearer of Gostyń; 1526–1532 Castellan of Rypin; 1530 Starost of Płock; 1532–1554 Voivode of Płock; 1535 Starost of Marienburg (Malbork), with Dantiscus’ support; 1534 envoy of the Diet in Piotrków to King Sigismund I in Vilniuspalatino PlocensiFeliks (Szczęsny) Srzeński (Sokołowski, Szreński) (*1502 – †1554), because of his Polish origin, his nomination to the starosty of Marienburg aroused opposition in Royal Prussia; 1521 Cup-Bearer of Gostyń; 1526–1532 Castellan of Rypin; 1530 Starost of Płock; 1532–1554 Voivode of Płock; 1535 Starost of Marienburg (Malbork), with Dantiscus’ support; 1534 envoy of the Diet in Piotrków to King Sigismund I in Vilnius contulisse. Quae res hic omnium animos vehementer pe[r]turbavit, ut quae graviorem privilegiis hic nostris derogant, in eo, quod iam dominos palatinos ex Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia), the kingdomRegnoPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia), the kingdom et tertium illum Stanisław Sokołowski of Warzymowo son of Jarosław Jan Sokołowski of Wrząca Wielka (d. 1517/1518); 1540-1557, perhaps until 1559, Starost of Rogoźno (Roggenhausen) (PSB 40/1, p. 146-147; CZAPLEWSKI 1921, p. 169-170)BorszimowskiStanisław Sokołowski of Warzymowo son of Jarosław Jan Sokołowski of Wrząca Wielka (d. 1517/1518); 1540-1557, perhaps until 1559, Starost of Rogoźno (Roggenhausen) (PSB 40/1, p. 146-147; CZAPLEWSKI 1921, p. 169-170) in castro Rogosnensi habere hic capitaneos debeamus. Estque iam ea opinio in non paucis apud Inhabitants of Royal Prussia nostratesInhabitants of Royal Prussia , quod Royal Council of Poland domini PoloniRoyal Council of Poland Inhabitants of Royal Prussia PrutenosInhabitants of Royal Prussia non solum privilegiis privare, verum etiam eos funditus eicere ex Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of ThornPrussiaRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn seque inserere conantur.

Unde potissimum a civitatibus consilia quaeruntur, quae alter ab altero, non privatim modo, verum et publice postulare incipiunt, quid faciendum veniat, ne sic ex insperato opprimantur et in perpetuam servitutem redigantur, ex quo potentes adeo duo palatini iis terris contra pr[i]vilegia intrudantur. Quae aperte haec verba et eam sententiam continent {etc.}:

Item omnes nobiles, militares, cives et incolas Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thornterrarum PrussiaeRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn hac etiam prosequemur praerogativa, quod praelaturas, dignitates et officia hactenus illic consistentia et in posterum constituenda, item castra et tenutas civitatum et locorum in terris praedictis nullo extraneo aut forensi, sed proprio indigenae conferemus etc.[1]

Proinde, Serenissime Rex, domine clementissime, cum serenissimae maiestatis vestrae maiores, praesertim serenissimus Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of AustriaparensSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria serenissimae maiestatis vestrae, eadem privilegia , i[tem] in eo articulo maxime, non semel, manu etiam propria subscripta confirmaverit, quod nemini hic incognitum est, et iam contr[a]rium fiat, suspicantur omnes serenissimae Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriamaiestatis eiusSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria in hac ultima [aeta]te non plene istius rei habere scientiam, quae alioqui in promissis semper fuit constantissima, quandoquidem sub maiori sigillo litterae, quibus mandatur, ut castrum Slochoviense domino Janusz Latalski (†1557), brother of Jan Latalski, Archbishop of Gniezno; 1520–1529 Castellan of Ląd; 1529–1535 Castellan of Gniezno; 1535–1538 Voivode of Inowrocław; 1538–1557 Voivode of Poznań (PSB 16, p. 563; Urzędnicy 1/2, p. 211)palatino PosnaniensiJanusz Latalski (†1557), brother of Jan Latalski, Archbishop of Gniezno; 1520–1529 Castellan of Ląd; 1529–1535 Castellan of Gniezno; 1535–1538 Voivode of Inowrocław; 1538–1557 Voivode of Poznań (PSB 16, p. 563; Urzędnicy 1/2, p. 211) t[rada]tur, sunt conscriptae. Rogarunt itaque omnes Royal Prussian Estates harum terrarum ordi[nes]Royal Prussian Estates per reverendissimum dominum Tiedemann Giese (Tidemannus Gisius) (*1480 – †1550), ennobled by King Sigismund I in 1519; 1504–1538 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1516–1527 and 1533–1537 Judicial Vicar and Vicar General of Ermland; 1523–1538 Custos of Ermland; 1537–1549 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1549–1550 Bishop of Ermland (BORAWSKA 1984)episcopum CulmensemTiedemann Giese (Tidemannus Gisius) (*1480 – †1550), ennobled by King Sigismund I in 1519; 1504–1538 Canon of Ermland (Warmia); 1516–1527 and 1533–1537 Judicial Vicar and Vicar General of Ermland; 1523–1538 Custos of Ermland; 1537–1549 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1549–1550 Bishop of Ermland (BORAWSKA 1984) et me, qui ea in re paulo ante serenissimae Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriamaiestati eius regiaeSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria ambo scripsimus, ut serenissima Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriamaiestas eiusSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria hanc collationem castri Slochoviensis usque ad proximum hic nostrum pro 1546-05-08die Sancti Stanislai in Maio1546-05-08 Provincial Diet of Royal Prussia conventumProvincial Diet of Royal Prussia differret, unde ex communi consilio quaedam ea in re essent ad Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriaeius maiestatemSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria referenda.

Interim tamen venerunt litterae regiae sub maiori sigillo, ut possessio castri illius domino Janusz Latalski (†1557), brother of Jan Latalski, Archbishop of Gniezno; 1520–1529 Castellan of Ląd; 1529–1535 Castellan of Gniezno; 1535–1538 Voivode of Inowrocław; 1538–1557 Voivode of Poznań (PSB 16, p. 563; Urzędnicy 1/2, p. 211)palat[ino] PosnaniensiJanusz Latalski (†1557), brother of Jan Latalski, Archbishop of Gniezno; 1520–1529 Castellan of Ląd; 1529–1535 Castellan of Gniezno; 1535–1538 Voivode of Inowrocław; 1538–1557 Voivode of Poznań (PSB 16, p. 563; Urzędnicy 1/2, p. 211) sine ulla mora concederetur. Quod hic omnes non parvo afficit maerore, cf. Vulg. Act 15.8 Et qui novit corda Deus quorum Deus corda novitcf. Vulg. Act 15.8 Et qui novit corda Deus . Cumque hic sim constitutus Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)consilii PruteniCouncil of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18) praesidens et veluti rerum omnium, quae hic aguntur, excubitor et custos, videamque iis periculosissimis temporibus in tot sectis, quae passim in vicinis atque etiam hic apud nos dispersae sunt, facile novi motus posse fieri, ex quibus non solum mihi et Ermland (Warmia, Varmia), diocese and ecclesiastical principality in northeastern Poland, 1466-1772 within the Kingdom of Poland, Royal Prussiaecclesiae meaeErmland (Warmia, Varmia), diocese and ecclesiastical principality in northeastern Poland, 1466-1772 within the Kingdom of Poland, Royal Prussia subditis, qui eiusmodi sectis viciniores sumus, verum etiam Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thornterris serenissimae maiestatis vestrae his omnibusRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn manifestissima imminere pericula, non potui commi[t]tere, quin haec omnia in notitiam Serenissimae Maiestatis Vestrae deducerem, et potissimum ob id, quod Serenissima Maiestas Vestra iussit, ut de iis, quae scriptu digna viderentur, hinc scriberem saepius. Haec quidem, pro fide mea non digna sol[u]m, verum etiam et necessaria esse arbitratus sum, ut ea Serenissima Maiestas Vestra sciret quamprimum.

Cui humillime supplico sic hoc negotium apud serenissimum Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of AustriaparentemSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria suum, dominum meum clementissimum, tra[cta]re velit, ut collatio haec Slochoviensis suspenderetur quousque eius serenissimam Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriamaiestatem regiamSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria instantibus hic Provincial Diet of Royal Prussia comitiisProvincial Diet of Royal Prussia , vel per nuntios, aut [per] litteras domini Council of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18)consiliarii harum terrarumCouncil of Royal Prussia the principal local authority in Royal Prussia. It consisted of two bishops: of Ermland (Warmia), who served as president of the Council, and of Kulm (Chełmno); three voivodes: of Kulm, Marienburg (Malbork), and Pomerania; three castellans: of Kulm, Elbing (Elbląg), and Gdańsk (Danzig); three chamberlains: of Kulm, Marienburg, and Pomerania; and representatives of the three Great Prussian Cities: Gdańsk, Thorn (Toruń), and Elbing (ACHREMCZYK 2016, p. 17-18) convenire possent eaque sugg[e]rere, quae et pro dignitate, et commodis Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austriaeius serenissimae maiestatisSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria videren[tur] opportuniora.

Hanc itaque schedam ad mandatum Serenissimae Maiestatis Vestrae scrip[si], ne mihi aliquando incommodet, ut Serenissima Maiestas Vestra una mecum clementer comm[enda]tam habere dignetur, rogo supplicissime.

[1 ] Quotation from Kazimierz IV Jagiellon (*1427 – †1492), 1447–1492 King of Poland; 1440–1492 Grand Duke of Lithuania; son of Władysław II Jagiełło and Zofia HolszańskaCasimir IV Jagiellon’sKazimierz IV Jagiellon (*1427 – †1492), 1447–1492 King of Poland; 1440–1492 Grand Duke of Lithuania; son of Władysław II Jagiełło and Zofia Holszańska Prussian Privilege of Incorporation, Cracow, 1454, March 6. cf. Die Staatsverträge des Deutschen Ordens in Preussen im 15. Jahrhundert, vol. 2: 1438-1467, ed. by Erich Weise, Marburg, N.G. Elwert, 1955 WEISE 2cf. Die Staatsverträge des Deutschen Ordens in Preussen im 15. Jahrhundert, vol. 2: 1438-1467, ed. by Erich Weise, Marburg, N.G. Elwert, 1955 , No. 292, p. 131