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Letter #2531

Cornelis DE SCHEPPER & Godschalk ERICKSEN (SASSENKERLE) to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Brussels, 1542-01-30

English register:

Having returned from Germany, where he stayed with the Landgrave of Hesse [Philip I] and the Archbishop of Köln [Hermann von Wied], among others, De Schepper received two letters from Dantiscus dispatched in August [1541]. The first one mentioned Gdańsk beer, and the other moose antlers. De Schepper is glad that Dantiscus is well.

He reports that (in accordance with instructions from [Nicolas Perrenot de] Granvelle,) he sent the antlers to Ioanne de Burgoigne. He encloses Granvelle’s letter to Dantiscus [IDL 2519]. The beer reached Bruges, and has been drunk by Queen Mary [of Hungary] and the Queen of Scotland’s sister [Louise de Lorraine, sister of Mary of Guise]; the latter having never tried beer, she drank it with repugnance (cum nausea). Many think this beer has medicinal properties, because when De Schepper added wild ginger (asara baccara) and laurel berries (lauri baccae) to it, it helped his wife [Elisabeth Donche] with her cough.

De Schepper reports that the Emperor [Charles V] ended the Diet of Regensburg (July [1541]) and travelled to Italy, and that the Christians were defeated at Buda. He locates the cause of the defeat in the passivity of the German dissidents and the gullibility of Brother George [Utješenović], Bálint Török and other Hungarians as regards Turkish promises.

Next he describes the Emperor’s unsuccessful expedition to Algiers to retake the towns captured by Turkish and Moorish pirates. Many courtiers lost some of their property during the expedition, and a large part of the fleet was destroyed, but no one of importance was killed. De Schepper’s brother-in-law Cornelis van Zegherscapelle took part in the expedition. Upon returning, the Emperor went to Valladolid and plans another expedition to Africa. In the Low Countries, thanksgiving prayers were ordered for the Emperor’s safe return from the expedition.

De Schepper outlines the growing threat from France towards the Low Countries and Germany. The King [Francis I of Valois] demanded that the Duke of Lorraine [Antoine le Bon] hand over the territory of Chȃtenois. It is a convenient place from which to attack the Duchy of Luxembourg and the bishoprics of western Germany. The Germans fail to see this danger, the Emperor is depleting his strength on the war with the Turks and internal conflicts, and meanwhile France is growing in strength. Recently the Emperor was accused that he was going to be the undoing of the Christian world. De Schepper, like Dantiscus, wants to withdraw from politics.

De Schepper reports that the Admiral [Philippe de Chabot] has regained his influence in France. With the help of the King’s mistress [Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly] he has removed Constable [Anne] de Montmorency from power.

De Schepper claims that the real cause of the animosity between the Emperor and the King of France and of the impending war was not the occupation of Milan or the Kingdom of Navarre, but divine anger at people’s sins. Last summer many thousands of people also died of the plague in Germany. De Schepper notes with horror the King of France’s intense drive to seize imperial power. He sees this as a realistic possibility in the face of the discord and the decline of military virtues in Germany. Some Germans have even sworn allegiance to the King of France. De Schepper cites historical examples of empires collapsing. He also writes that rumours are circulating that the French will officially propose moves against the Emperor [at the Diet] in Speyer. An assembly was held recently in the Netherlands at which the people were informed how to behave if an enemy invasion occurred.

De Schepper outlines the situation in the Baltic region. Christian [III of Oldenburg], King of Denmark, rejected the imperial envoy’s proposal to extend the truce. Similarly, the King of Sweden [Gustav I Vasa] is readying for war. Therefore the Low Countries have written to the rulers of Poland and the Baltic duchies and towns, informing them of possible impediments to trade and navigation in case of war.

De Schepper reports that after the battle at Buda, Godschalk [Ericksen] together with Bartholomeus Haller and Miklos Oláh found themselves within Queen Mary’s Hungarian estates, which they left upon a request from the residents, who feared that the presence of an imperial envoy would bring the Turks’ wrath upon them. Oláh travelled to the court of the Roman King [Ferdinand], and Haller to Nuremberg, while Godschalk returned to the Low Countries. The Archbishop of Palermo [Jean Carondelet] has removed himself from the court; he is the provosth of St. Donatian’s in Bruges and sends greetings to Dantiscus.

De Schepper describes the ecclesiastical career of Georg of Austria and his imprisonment by the King of France, who gave as his reason revenge for the death of French envoys Cesare Fregoso and Antonio Rincon, allegedly murdered by the Emperor’s servants in the Duchy of Milan. In De Schepper’s view, they fell victim to robbers, while Georg of Austria was imprisoned because the residents of Liège disliked him as their new bishop.

De Schepper reports that Maximiliaan van Egmond is well and is in Friesia. Johan [Cirksena], Count of East Frisia, has married Emperor Maximilian’s illegitimate daughter [Dorothea of Austria]. Young van Gaasbeek, the Lord of Heule [Wouter van der Gracht] and Frédéric de Melun are well. Lord of Praet suffers from gout. His son [Johan of Flanders] has married the daughter [Jacqueline] of the Lord of Beveren [Adolf of Burgundy].

De Schepper reports on the latest news from Hungary about the Turkish invasion and on the capture of Marano [Lagunare] by those serving the King of France. If the King does not want Marano, they supposedly intend to offer it to the Turkish Sultan [Suleiman the Magnificent]. He deplores the state of the times they live in, the imminent annihilation of Christianity and people abandoning the faith. He describes the symptoms of declining faith in individual countries in Europe.

De Schepper conveys words of devotion from Lazarus Tucher and Wolfgang Haller, who has three daughters. Haller’s wife is pregnant. De Schepper’s wife [Elisabeth Donche] is in Bruges with two daughters; the one from her first marriage [Catharina Laurijn] is to be married soon. De Schepper’s nine-year-old son is starting his education.

De Schepper reports that the bacularius [Adolphus de Scornaco] is busy with studies in Leuven, waiting for income from the prebend in Utrecht, while Lieven [Algoet] has gone with the Emperor to Africa and Spain. He also lists information about people Dantiscus knew from the imperial court: Lord of Courrières [Jean de Montmorency], [Philibert] of Montfalconnet, Lord of Roeulx [Adrien de Croÿ I], de Boussu, and Wilhelm von Rogendorf’s son [Christoph].

De Schepper offers his services as mediator in the correspondence with Eustathius [Knobelsdorf], who, having won a good reputation in Leuven as a polite and modest man, has gone to Paris.

Here starts the letter added by Godschalk Ericksen:

Having visited De Schepper in his absence caused by his being called to the court, Godschalk undertakes to continue writing the letter started by his friend. He conveys greetings to Dantiscus from himself and his acquaintances. The memory of Dantiscus remains forever in their hearts, sometimes fuelled additionally by beer from Jopen.

Godschalk is tired of serving [at the court] and intends to become a clergyman. He holds a canonry in Mayence, but the Duke of Holstein [Christian III of Oldenburg] is against his transferring his coat-of-arms there from Holstein and Denmark. Thanks to Johan Weze’s intercession, he received an appointment to a canonry in Liège from [Roman King] Ferdinand, but the new bishop of Liège appointed some boy instead, against whom Godschalk intends to bring a lawsuit in Rome. If he wins the lawsuit he will settle in Liège, his income supplemented with income the Emperor granted him from St. Nicholas’ Abbey in Veurne in Flanders.

Here continues the letter by Cornelis De Schepper:

Having returned from the court, De Schepper has found Godschalk’s additions to his letter. He does not doubt that Dantiscus will enjoy them. He reports that he has received orders to set off for Speyer the next day. He always remembers Dantiscus’ kindness to him. He conveys greetings to his brothers, sisters and friends.


            received Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1542-04-08

Manuscript sources:
1fair copy in Latin, autograph, AAWO, AB, D. 6, f. 51-56
2copy in Latin, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8244 (TK 6), a. 1542, f. 5r-14v
3register with excerpt in Latin, English, 20th-century, CBKUL, R.III, 31, No. 346CBKUL, R.III, 31, No. 347

Auxiliary sources:
1register in German, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8249 (TK 11), f. 390

Prints:
1DE VOCHT 1961 No. DE, 434, p. 348-352 (English register; excerpt)
2Españoles part II, No. 86, p. 264-269 (excerpt in Spanish translation)
3CEID 2/2 (Letter No. 80) p. 468-485 (in extenso; English register)

 

Text & apparatus & commentaryPlain textText & commentaryText & apparatus

 

Reverendissime et excellentissime Praesul, domine et pater honorandissime et observandissime.

Ex Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ reversus, ubi apud Philip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)⌊lantgravium HassiaePhilip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)⌋ nonnullosque alios, atque adeo apud reverendissimum et illustrem Hermann von Wied (*1477 – †1552), in 1546 deposed from the archbishopric of Köln by Pope Paul III for disobedience and encouraging Protestantism in his diocese. His brother Johann III von Wied-Runkel in 1506 married Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, sister of Count Henry III of Nassau-Breda; 1490 Canon in Köln, 1503 Canon at the chapter of St Gereon's (Köln) and Chancellor of Archbishop Hermann von Hessen, 1515-1546 Archbishop and Elector of Köln, 1532 administrator of the Paderborn diocese (CE, vol. 3, p. 444-446; Fides, p. 78)⌊electorem ColoniensemHermann von Wied (*1477 – †1552), in 1546 deposed from the archbishopric of Köln by Pope Paul III for disobedience and encouraging Protestantism in his diocese. His brother Johann III von Wied-Runkel in 1506 married Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, sister of Count Henry III of Nassau-Breda; 1490 Canon in Köln, 1503 Canon at the chapter of St Gereon's (Köln) and Chancellor of Archbishop Hermann von Hessen, 1515-1546 Archbishop and Elector of Köln, 1532 administrator of the Paderborn diocese (CE, vol. 3, p. 444-446; Fides, p. 78)⌋, bonum illum senem, qui celebrem de te memoriam fecit, ad aliquot haesi menses, inveni cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6923, letter lost;
Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6924, letter lost⌊binas litterascf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6923, letter lost;
Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6924, letter lost⌋ tuas non adeo pridem illuc perlatas de mense Augusto. In cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6923, letter lost⌊alteriscf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6923, letter lost⌋ mentio facta fuit de tribus vasis cerevisiae Gedanensis, quae una mittebantur ex dono Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae, in cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6924, letter lost⌊alteriscf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1541-08, CIDTC IDL 6924, letter lost⌋ de cornibus et ungulis onagrorum, quae manserant in manibus Ioannes Ernestus de Esens ⌊Ioannis Ernesti de EsensIoannes Ernestus de Esens ⌋, donec sciret, quorsum illas mitteret. Ad quas ut breviter respondeam, pergratum fuit intelligere, quod adhuc salvus et incolumis ageres, estque hoc nomine tributum (ita tu vocas) optabile. Quod ad cornua et ungulas attinet, scripsi confestim ad illustrem Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊dominum de GrandvellaNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋, ut certiorem me redderet, quorsum huiusmodi missa esse vellet. Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊IsNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋ autem non multo post rescripsit optare, ut dentur in manus Ioanninus Bourchonus (le Borgne, Ioannes de Borgoingne) ⌊Ioannis de BorgoingneIoanninus Bourchonus (le Borgne, Ioannes de Borgoingne) ⌋, tempore nostro metatoris hospitiorum Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et usurarii insignis, qui et nunc eandem palaestram strenue exercet Antwerp (Antwerpen, Antverpia), city in the Low Countries, from 1315 a Hanseatic port, in the 16th century the centre of Brabant’s artistic life and the wealthiest trade city in Europe, today in northern Belgium⌊AndtwerpiaeAntwerp (Antwerpen, Antverpia), city in the Low Countries, from 1315 a Hanseatic port, in the 16th century the centre of Brabant’s artistic life and the wealthiest trade city in Europe, today in northern Belgium⌋. Quod et factum curavi. Addidit idem illustris Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊GrantvellanusNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋ cf. Nicolas PERRENOT de Granvelle to Ioannes DANTISCUS Siena, 1541-12-20, CIDTC IDL 2519⌊litteras responsivascf. Nicolas PERRENOT de Granvelle to Ioannes DANTISCUS Siena, 1541-12-20, CIDTC IDL 2519⌋ ad cf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to [Nicolas PERRENOT de Granvelle] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-07-21, CIDTC IDL 2469;
Ioannes DANTISCUS to Nicolas PERRENOT de Granvelle 1541-08-07, CIDTC IDL 6549, letter lost⌊tuascf. [Ioannes DANTISCUS] to [Nicolas PERRENOT de Granvelle] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1541-07-21, CIDTC IDL 2469;
Ioannes DANTISCUS to Nicolas PERRENOT de Granvelle 1541-08-07, CIDTC IDL 6549, letter lost⌋, quas una cum iis ad Dominationem Vestram Reverendissimam mitto.

Cervisia autem commode venerat Bruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌊BrugasBruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌋, quo tempore Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊regina MariaMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋ ibi diversabatur. Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊QuaeMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋ et ipsa de eadem bibit, et bibendam propinavit Louise de Lorraine (*1521 – †1542), daughter of Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise⌊uxoriLouise de Lorraine (*1521 – †1542), daughter of Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise⌋ Charles II de Croÿ (*1522 – †1551), eldest son of Philipp II de Croÿ; Duke of Aarschot, Prince of Chimay⌊principis de ChimayCharles II de Croÿ (*1522 – †1551), eldest son of Philipp II de Croÿ; Duke of Aarschot, Prince of Chimay⌋ origine Gallae, sorori Mary of Guise (*1515 – †1560), Queen consort of Scotland (1538-1542, crowned in 1540), Regent of Scotland in the name of her daughter Mary (1554-1560); wife of Louis II, Duke of Orléans-Longueville, and after his death (1537) the second wife of James V Stuart King of Scotland; daughter of Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, and Antoinette de Bourbon; mother of Mary I, Queen of Scots⌊reginae ScotorumMary of Guise (*1515 – †1560), Queen consort of Scotland (1538-1542, crowned in 1540), Regent of Scotland in the name of her daughter Mary (1554-1560); wife of Louis II, Duke of Orléans-Longueville, and after his death (1537) the second wife of James V Stuart King of Scotland; daughter of Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, and Antoinette de Bourbon; mother of Mary I, Queen of Scots⌋, quae cerevisiam numquam prius biberat. Addidit autem Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊eadem reginaMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋ hoc esse vinum Danicum, quo eulogio mota praefata Louise de Lorraine (*1521 – †1542), daughter of Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise⌊princepsLouise de Lorraine (*1521 – †1542), daughter of Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise⌋ bibit, sed cum nausea, ut ad insuetum potum. Sit autem illis insuetus, at nostris palatis gratissimus est. Arbitrantur etiam plerique inesse illi vim medicam laxativam et stomachalem, idque ex asara baccara aut ex lauri bacchis, quas infundi putans, quo modo profuit Elisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)⌊uxoriElisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)⌋ meae in tussi, qua iam menses aliquot laborat ex infrigidatione, itaque de ea summas habeo gratias.

Ut autem contextum rerum nostratium scias: Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ sub ultimum mensis Iulii absolvit Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌊conventum RatisbonensemImperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌋ bona de se fama et opinione relicta apud bonos contenditque in Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliamItaly (Italia)⌋, quo cum venisset, nuntiata est clades, quam Christiani ceperunt ad Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ non abs exspectatione prudentum, quandoquidem dissidentibus Germanis et nihil serium adversum The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcasThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ decernentibus metui ea poterat numero nostrum non adeo magno et pestis contagione infectis plurimis. Ibi tum patuit The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ fides in servandis promissis Georg Utješenović (Georg Martinuzzi, frater Georgius) (*1482 – †1551), Hungarian statesman; 1535-1551 Bishop of Nagyvárad, 1551 Archbishop of Esztergom, 1551 elevated to Cardinal⌊fratri GeorgioGeorg Utješenović (Georg Martinuzzi, frater Georgius) (*1482 – †1551), Hungarian statesman; 1535-1551 Bishop of Nagyvárad, 1551 Archbishop of Esztergom, 1551 elevated to Cardinal⌋, Bálint Török of Enying (Valentinus Thureck, Valent Turek) (*1502 – †1550), Hungarian noble, military commander, Ban of Belgrade, 1527-1542 Lord of Csesznek (EFE 36, p. 226 (index))⌊Valentino ThureckBálint Török of Enying (Valentinus Thureck, Valent Turek) (*1502 – †1550), Hungarian noble, military commander, Ban of Belgrade, 1527-1542 Lord of Csesznek (EFE 36, p. 226 (index))⌋ aliisque.

Neque multo post Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ cum classe sane numerosa profectus est in Africa, the continent⌊AphricamAfrica, the continent⌋ ad expugnandam urbem Algiers (Argelium), city and harbour in northern Africa, today the capital of Algeria⌊AlgerAlgiers (Argelium), city and harbour in northern Africa, today the capital of Algeria⌋ aliquotque alia loca piratica a The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcisThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et The Moors (Mauri), North African pirates⌊MaurisThe Moors (Mauri), North African pirates⌋ occupata. Quae classis habuit naves onerarias supra ducentas, triremes septuaginta et magnum numerum minorum navigiorum: myoparonum, celocium, lyburnicarum, militem autem supra XXX-m. Expositis autem in terram militibus atque urbe iam oppugnari coepta, vicesima quinta Octobris oborta est validissima tempestas, quae aut disiecit, aut submersit plusquam octoginta naves et quattuordecim triremes. Itaque magno in periculo constitutus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, cum nullos haberet commeatus, quippe qui biduo tantum ante tempestatem obortam in terram descenderat tantumque in extrahendis bombardis et armis elaboraverat, ut de commeatu minimam curam habuerit, collegit, quas potuit, naves, quibus imposito milite (nam ex milite paucissimi interierunt, sed clades sociorum navalium et remigum maior fuit, ut ex quibus interierunt ad duo circiter milia) alias quidem in Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliamItaly (Italia)⌋, Sicily, island in the Mediterranean Sea, Kingdom ruled by the Habsburgs⌊SiciliamSicily, island in the Mediterranean Sea, Kingdom ruled by the Habsburgs⌋, Sardinia, island in the Mediterranean Sea⌊SardiniamSardinia, island in the Mediterranean Sea⌋, alias in Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniamSpain (Hispania)⌋ ire iussit. Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊IpseCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ cum triremibus aegre adversum tempestates conflictatus tandem venit Béjaïa (Bugia, Budschaja, Bougie), city and harbour in Algeria⌊BugiamBéjaïa (Bugia, Budschaja, Bougie), city and harbour in Algeria⌋, qui Africa, the continent⌊AphricaeAfrica, the continent⌋ portus est, et viginti post diebus ad Majorca (Mallorca), island on the Mediterranean Sea, one of the islands of the Balearic archipelago⌊MaioricamMajorca (Mallorca), island on the Mediterranean Sea, one of the islands of the Balearic archipelago⌋ atque inde Cartagena (Carthago Nova), city and harbour in southeastern Spain, Murcia⌊Carthaginem NovamCartagena (Carthago Nova), city and harbour in southeastern Spain, Murcia⌋ Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniaeSpain (Hispania)⌋, ad quem locum principio Decembris applicuit. Nunc autem agit Valladolid (Vallisoletum, Oleti vallis), city in central Spain, Castile and León, on the Pisuerga river⌊VallisoletiValladolid (Vallisoletum, Oleti vallis), city in central Spain, Castile and León, on the Pisuerga river⌋, ubi rursus init consilium de iteranda expeditione in Africa, the continent⌊AphricamAfrica, the continent⌋ nullo neque periculo, neque damno permotus.

Aulici nostri maiorem partem impedimentorum et equos, uti aiunt, fere omnes amiserunt, sed vita omnibus rebus carior servata non magni aestimant reliquorum iacturam. Ex navibus, quae disiectae fuerunt, nonnullae redierunt salvae, plurimae sunt submersae aut in terram impactae.

Hae duae sunt clades, quas permittente Deo res Christiana uno anno accepit. Idem Deus resarcire omnia melioraque facere poterit. Hoc tamen magni ducendum, quod alicuius nominis vir nullus interiit. Cornelis van Zegherscapelle stepbrother of Elisabeth Donche (wife of Cornelis De Schepper)⌊Cornelius a SegherscappelleCornelis van Zegherscapelle stepbrother of Elisabeth Donche (wife of Cornelis De Schepper)⌋, frater Elisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)⌊uxoris meaeElisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)⌋, cum submersus crederetur, incolumis tandem, sed nudus venit Barcelona (Barcinona, Barcino), city in northeastern Spain, Catalonia⌊BarcinonenBarcelona (Barcinona, Barcino), city in northeastern Spain, Catalonia⌋. Plerique vener[unt] Genoa (Genova, Genua, Ianua), city and capital of the homonymous Republic in north-western Italy, Liguria, on the Gulf of Genoa, a seaport from 1528 ally and satellite of Spain⌊GenuamGenoa (Genova, Genua, Ianua), city and capital of the homonymous Republic in north-western Italy, Liguria, on the Gulf of Genoa, a seaport from 1528 ally and satellite of Spain⌋, alii Naples (Napoli, Neapolis), city in Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, capital of the region of Campania⌊NeapolimNaples (Napoli, Neapolis), city in Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, capital of the region of Campania⌋ et Gaeta (Caieta), town and harbor in central Italy, Lazio, 80 km NW of Naples⌊CaietamGaeta (Caieta), town and harbor in central Italy, Lazio, 80 km NW of Naples⌋, de quibus certiora nuntia exspectamus. Hic decretae fuerunt supplicationes pro felici reditu Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestatis ipsiusCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ in Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniamSpain (Hispania)⌋, nam vita ipsius est nobis plusquam necessaria, dici enim non potest, quibus cuniculis undique oppugnemur a potentissimo Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊vicinoFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋. Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊IsFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ superioribus diebus ad se vocavit Antoine le Bon (*1489 – †1544), Duke of Lorraine (1508-1544); the eldest son of René II, Duke of Lorraine (MONTER, p. 38-50)⌊ducem LothoringiaeAntoine le Bon (*1489 – †1544), Duke of Lorraine (1508-1544); the eldest son of René II, Duke of Lorraine (MONTER, p. 38-50)⌋ in Duchy of Burgundy, duchy in central and eastern France, consisting of the Duchy of Burgundy, which was annexed by France in 1477, and the County of Burgundy (Franche Comté de Bourgogne), from 1482 ruled by the House of Habsburg⌊ducatum BurgundiaeDuchy of Burgundy, duchy in central and eastern France, consisting of the Duchy of Burgundy, which was annexed by France in 1477, and the County of Burgundy (Franche Comté de Bourgogne), from 1482 ruled by the House of Habsburg⌋ ibique ab eodem impetravit, ut sibi traderet regionem quamdam nomine Châtenois (Castinetum), commune in NE France, Lorraine, Vosges canton, not far from the Meuse river⌊ChastenayChâtenois (Castinetum), commune in NE France, Lorraine, Vosges canton, not far from the Meuse river⌋, quae est Duchy of Bar, duchy in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1480 united to the Duchy of Lorraine, which since 1766 has belonged to France⌊ducatus BarensisDuchy of Bar, duchy in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1480 united to the Duchy of Lorraine, which since 1766 has belonged to France⌋ ad flumen Meuse (Maas, Mosa), river rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea⌊MosamMeuse (Maas, Mosa), river rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea⌋, valde opportuna ad invadendum Duchy of Luxembourg, duchy in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands⌊ducatum LuxeburgensemDuchy of Luxembourg, duchy in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands⌋ et episcopatus Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌊imperii GermaniciHoly Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌋ Toul diocese⌊TullensemToul diocese⌋, Metz diocese (dioecesis Metensis)⌊MetensemMetz diocese (dioecesis Metensis)⌋, Verdun diocese⌊VirdunensemVerdun diocese⌋, postea et Trier diocese (dioecesis Trevirensis)⌊TrevirensemTrier diocese (dioecesis Trevirensis)⌋, et Prince-Bishopric of Liège (Episcopatus Leodiensis), diocese, and ecclesiastic state in the Low Countries, part of the Holy Roman Empire, today part of Belgium and the Netherlands⌊LeodiensemPrince-Bishopric of Liège (Episcopatus Leodiensis), diocese, and ecclesiastic state in the Low Countries, part of the Holy Roman Empire, today part of Belgium and the Netherlands⌋, et Cologne diocese (dioecesis Coloniensis)⌊ColoniensemCologne diocese (dioecesis Coloniensis)⌋. Quae non intelliguntur a caecis illis The Germans ⌊GermanisThe Germans ⌋, quorum Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌊imperiumHoly Roman Empire of the German Nation (Empire, Reich, Imperium)⌋ video perditum iri et tralatum in aliam gentem, qualiscumque ea erit, quam Deus est selecturus. Ita France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊regnum FrancorumFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ cotidie fit auctius eiecto Charles III of Savoy (*1486 – †1553), 1504-1553 Duke of Savoy⌊duce SabaudiaeCharles III of Savoy (*1486 – †1553), 1504-1553 Duke of Savoy⌋, diminuto Antoine le Bon (*1489 – †1544), Duke of Lorraine (1508-1544); the eldest son of René II, Duke of Lorraine (MONTER, p. 38-50)⌊duce LothoringiaeAntoine le Bon (*1489 – †1544), Duke of Lorraine (1508-1544); the eldest son of René II, Duke of Lorraine (MONTER, p. 38-50)⌋, vocato in societatem Wilhelm V Der Reiche (Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg) (*1516 – †1592), 1538-1543 Duke of Guelders and Zutphen, 1539-1592 Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. During the 3rd Guelderian War that followed, France he was an ally to Guelders against Charles V. His predecessor, Duke Charles of Guelders, also concluded an alliance with France (MÜLLER)⌊duce CliviaeWilhelm V Der Reiche (Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg) (*1516 – †1592), 1538-1543 Duke of Guelders and Zutphen, 1539-1592 Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. During the 3rd Guelderian War that followed, France he was an ally to Guelders against Charles V. His predecessor, Duke Charles of Guelders, also concluded an alliance with France (MÜLLER)⌋, sollicitatis longe plurimis The Germans ⌊GermanorumThe Germans ⌋ et venali facta tota ipsa nobilitate et plebe praeter admodum paucos. Nos interim fortunas et sanguinem contra The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcasThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ exponimus et domi periclitamur. Quin et audimus iis diebus sparsa esse quaedam opprobria adversus optimum Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, quasi ipse esset, qui perditum iret rem Christianam, et non potius ii essent, qui crudelissimum The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊hostemThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ in viscera Christiani orbis invitant. Sed quid faciemus iis iniquissimis temporibus? Opto sane frequenter procul esse ab omnibus negotiis, si modo cuiquam tam felici esse posse contingeret in hac vita, et mirifice probo institutum tuum, si non perpetuo, at aliquanto sane tempore duraturum.

In France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊regno FrancorumFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ maxima iterum est auctoritas Philippe de Chabot (*ca. 1492 – †1543), 1526-1543 admiral of France; 1526 governor of the Duchy of Burgundy; 1533-1534 royal ambassador to England⌊admiraldiPhilippe de Chabot (*ca. 1492 – †1543), 1526-1543 admiral of France; 1526 governor of the Duchy of Burgundy; 1533-1534 royal ambassador to England⌋ sive praefecti maris, qui triennio fere laboravit de summa rerum hostem habens summa potestate Anne de Montmorency (*1493 – †1567), Duke and peer (pair) of France, 1522-1526 Marshal of France, 1526-1558 Grand Master of France, 1538-1567 Constable (Connétable) of France⌊virum ex domo MontemorenciacaAnne de Montmorency (*1493 – †1567), Duke and peer (pair) of France, 1522-1526 Marshal of France, 1526-1558 Grand Master of France, 1538-1567 Constable (Connétable) of France⌋, conestabilem, ut vocant. Anne de Montmorency (*1493 – †1567), Duke and peer (pair) of France, 1522-1526 Marshal of France, 1526-1558 Grand Master of France, 1538-1567 Constable (Connétable) of France⌊QuiAnne de Montmorency (*1493 – †1567), Duke and peer (pair) of France, 1522-1526 Marshal of France, 1526-1558 Grand Master of France, 1538-1567 Constable (Connétable) of France⌋ nunc favore Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regisFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ eorumque, qui prius amicissimi erant, destitutus, quamquam maximis in clientelis et opibus, miseram tamen dicendus est vitam agere dolenda profecto sorte, est enim vir amans pacis et boni iudicii in rebus gerendis. Insignis huius et subitae mutationis causam referunt in Anne de Pisseleu d' Heilly (*1508 – †1580), Duchess of Étampes, mistress of Francis I of France⌊mulieremAnne de Pisseleu d' Heilly (*1508 – †1580), Duchess of Étampes, mistress of Francis I of France⌋ quandam, quae apud Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regemFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ omnia potest. Anne de Pisseleu d' Heilly (*1508 – †1580), Duchess of Étampes, mistress of Francis I of France⌊HaecAnne de Pisseleu d' Heilly (*1508 – †1580), Duchess of Étampes, mistress of Francis I of France⌋ auget et deprimit quoscumque libitum est, ne liberis quidem regiis exceptis, in quos non timet exercere auctoritatem, quo exitu, incertum. Mutationis autem huius tam magnae inter amicissimos prius Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regemque FrancorumFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ nullam aliam causam possum allegare, quam Dei iudicium, qui ita urgentibus peccatis nostris principes istos armat in perniciem populi. Non est dictu facile, quam multa hominum milia absumpserit hac proxima aestate praeterita pestis, quae grassata est per Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniamGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋, neque minus absumpturus est cf. Cic. Tusc. 5.62 fortunatus sibi Damocles videbatur. In hoc medio apparatu fulgentem gladium e lacunari saeta equina aptum demitti iussit, ut impenderet illius beati cervicibus ⌊gladius, qui imminere videturcf. Cic. Tusc. 5.62 fortunatus sibi Damocles videbatur. In hoc medio apparatu fulgentem gladium e lacunari saeta equina aptum demitti iussit, ut impenderet illius beati cervicibus ⌋. Scio, quae vulgo allegantur, communia scilicet illa: detentionem Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊ducatus MediolanensisMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋, Kingdom of Navarre (Navarre)⌊regni NavarraeKingdom of Navarre (Navarre)⌋ et similia, sed haec prudenter omnia perpendentibus non sunt pro praecipuis causis habenda.

Plus multo est, quod agit spes nimirum occupandi et ex Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermanisGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ asserendi imperii ad France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliasFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋. In quod opus, cf. Gel. 11.6.1-2 In veteribus scriptis neque mulieres Romanae per Herculem deiurant neque viri per Castorem ⌊si Heracles (Hercules), Greek mythic hero, famous for his extraordinary strength, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmene⌊HerculemHeracles (Hercules), Greek mythic hero, famous for his extraordinary strength, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmene⌋ iuranti crederescf. Gel. 11.6.1-2 In veteribus scriptis neque mulieres Romanae per Herculem deiurant neque viri per Castorem ⌋, possem promittere tibi et asserere nullum fuisse regem multorum saeculorum memoria, qui maiores magisque serias artes ad eam rem impenderit maioribusque sit arietibus usus ad confringendam hanc simulati imperii machinam. cf. Vulg. Mt 12:25:2 Omne regnum divisum contra se desolatum; Vulg. Lc 11:17:2 Omne regnum in se ipsum divisum, desolatur ⌊Principio omne regnum (quod Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊ChristusJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋ dominus et salvator noster ait) in se divisum desolabiturcf. Vulg. Mt 12:25:2 Omne regnum divisum contra se desolatum; Vulg. Lc 11:17:2 Omne regnum in se ipsum divisum, desolatur ⌋. At Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊regno GermanorumGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ quid magis divisum esse potest? Inque eam rem quae maiores potuerunt artes adhiberi, quam quae per praefatum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊Francorum <regem> Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ sunt adhibitae? Neque nominare eos opus est, qui se Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊ipsiusFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ iuramento devotionique obstrinxere, cum palam publiceque sint noti eoque se nomine veluti glorioso, quod contra decreta suorum suaque, contra sanguinem proprium, contra patriam arma assumant, passim vindicent.

Deinde imperiorum finem vidimus semper contigisse, quando potentior hostis advenit. Ita bello ab The Assyrians ⌊AssyriisThe Assyrians ⌋ ad The Medes ⌊MoedosThe Medes ⌋, a inhabitants of Persia ⌊Persisinhabitants of Persia ⌋ ad The Macedonians ⌊MacedonesThe Macedonians ⌋, ab iis ad Rhomanos, a Rhomanis ad barbaros devolutum est. At nunc urgent duo gravissimi hostes: Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ ab oriente palam summisque viribus, Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊FrancusFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ ab occidente periculosius. Quid, quod ipsi inter se divisi et, si verum dicere liceat, imbelles etiam, neque arma, neque virtutem maiorum magna ex parte retinent enervati deliciis et vix umbratili militiae sufficientes? Adeo omnia in deterius vergere videmus, brevi tamen periculum faciemus seriae ipsorum determinationis, quandoquidem dies Speyer (Spira), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river, 25 km S of Mannheim⌊SpyraeSpeyer (Spira), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river, 25 km S of Mannheim⌋ indictus est, in quo fama est quaedam a The French ⌊GallisThe French ⌋ adversus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ proposita iri, quae forte a nonnullis osoribus boni publici accipientur aequis auribus, et instant tempora opportuna ad bellum gerendum. Nos hic, cum audiamus multa huiusmodi obversenturque oculis cotidianae insidiae, cogimur in commune consulere. Eaque de causa iis diebus conventum habuimus praemonentes nostros, ut in eventum sint parati ad excipiendos hostes, si qui vim illis inferre parabunt. Id, quod eos facturos speramus.

Superioribus diebus missus est quidam ex secretariis caesareis ad illustrissimum Christian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌊Christianum ducem HolsatiaeChristian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌋, qui se gerit pro rege The Danes (Dani) ⌊DanorumThe Danes (Dani) ⌋, ut indutias, quae iam prope exspiraverant, cum eodem Christiano prorogaret. At Christian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌊illeChristian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌋ non obscure declarans studium sibi tranquillitatis publicae esse exiguum et, quod vulgo constat, ab aliis persuasus nescio quae praetendit eamque ob rem ad nos reversus est idem secretarius.

Feruntur et arma a Gustav I Vasa (Gustav Ericsson) (*1496 – †1560), 1523-1560 King of Sweden; son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter ⌊SwetoGustav I Vasa (Gustav Ericsson) (*1496 – †1560), 1523-1560 King of Sweden; son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter ⌋ parari et ipso iam pertracto in partes. Quae cum hic audita essent, missae sunt ad serenissimos Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria

Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza

Bona Sforza (*1494 – †1557), Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania (1518-1557); the second wife of Sigismund I Jagiellon; Duchess of Bari and Rossano; daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and Isabella of Aragon⌊reges tuosSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria

Sigismund II Augustus Jagiellon (Zygmunt II August) (*1520 – †1572), 1529-1572 Grand Duke of Lithuania (ruled from 1544); 1530-1572 King of Poland (crowned vivente rege (ruled from 1548, after the death of his father); son of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Bona Sforza

Bona Sforza (*1494 – †1557), Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania (1518-1557); the second wife of Sigismund I Jagiellon; Duchess of Bari and Rossano; daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and Isabella of Aragon⌋ et ad nonnullos principes civitatesque maritimas litterae, quibus aperte significatur, si in hoc proposito nullas admittendi inducias Christian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌊Holsatiae duxChristian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌋ persaeveraverit, fore, ut nullas hic merces, nulla commercia ex quibusvis locis maritimis Germanici limitis simus admissuri nullasve ex nostris navibus eo navigare sustineamus. Id, quod an ex utilitate publica futurum sit, iisdem ipsis perpendendum relinquimus. In hoc iam statu iam res nostrae sunt.

Veniam ad privatas. Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊GodtscalcusGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋ noster Saxocarolus post cladem apud Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋, cum esset in montanis Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaeHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ et bonis serenissimae Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊reginaeMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋, quae ibidem habet, fideliter superintenderet, ab incolis tandem sibi metuentibus a Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊ThurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ rogatus est recedere, ne praesentia sua, et quod caesareus esset ibidem orator, exacerbaret animos The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et ad graviorem iniuriam miseris inferendam invitaret. Itaque et Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊ipseGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋, et Bartholomeus Haller brother of Wolfgang Haller⌊Bartholomeus HallerusBartholomeus Haller brother of Wolfgang Haller⌋ frater domini Wolfgang (Wolf) Haller von Hallerstein (*1492 – †1559), Fuggers' factor in Antwerp and their chief representative in Spain, financial advisor to Emperor Charles V and mediator for the financing of his election, from 1531 General Treasurer of the Netherands under regent Queen Mary of Hungary; Fuggers' factor (MUFFAT, p. 97)⌊WolfgangiWolfgang (Wolf) Haller von Hallerstein (*1492 – †1559), Fuggers' factor in Antwerp and their chief representative in Spain, financial advisor to Emperor Charles V and mediator for the financing of his election, from 1531 General Treasurer of the Netherands under regent Queen Mary of Hungary; Fuggers' factor (MUFFAT, p. 97)⌋, et Miklós Oláh (Nicolaus Olaus) (*1493 – †1568), Hungarian humanist and poet; from 1526 secretary to King Louis II Jagiellon and in the same year, after the Battle of Mohács, to Queen Mary of Hungary, from 1543 Chancellor of Ferdinand I, 1543-1548 Bishop of Zagreb, 1548-1553 Bishop of Eger, 1553-1568 Archbishop of Esztergom (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 110-111)⌊Nicolaus OlahusMiklós Oláh (Nicolaus Olaus) (*1493 – †1568), Hungarian humanist and poet; from 1526 secretary to King Louis II Jagiellon and in the same year, after the Battle of Mohács, to Queen Mary of Hungary, from 1543 Chancellor of Ferdinand I, 1543-1548 Bishop of Zagreb, 1548-1553 Bishop of Eger, 1553-1568 Archbishop of Esztergom (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 110-111)⌋ satis opportune e montanis illis urbibus egressi, cum periculo quidem, sed manus tamen The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ omnia circumquaque vastantium evasere. Miklós Oláh (Nicolaus Olaus) (*1493 – †1568), Hungarian humanist and poet; from 1526 secretary to King Louis II Jagiellon and in the same year, after the Battle of Mohács, to Queen Mary of Hungary, from 1543 Chancellor of Ferdinand I, 1543-1548 Bishop of Zagreb, 1548-1553 Bishop of Eger, 1553-1568 Archbishop of Esztergom (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 110-111)⌊OlahusMiklós Oláh (Nicolaus Olaus) (*1493 – †1568), Hungarian humanist and poet; from 1526 secretary to King Louis II Jagiellon and in the same year, after the Battle of Mohács, to Queen Mary of Hungary, from 1543 Chancellor of Ferdinand I, 1543-1548 Bishop of Zagreb, 1548-1553 Bishop of Eger, 1553-1568 Archbishop of Esztergom (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 110-111)⌋ apud serenissimum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊Rhomanorum regemFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ permansit, Bartholomeus Haller brother of Wolfgang Haller⌊HallerusBartholomeus Haller brother of Wolfgang Haller⌋ Nuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊NurimberghaeNuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋. Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊GodtscalcusGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋ ad nos magno meo cum gaudio reversus sanus et incolumis pro aetate, quae iam cotidie fit nobis auctior, degit seque Reverendissimae Dominationi Vestrae ex intimo animi affectu commendat.

Reverendissimus Jean Carondelet (*1469 – †1545), statesman, lawyer, close friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1497 Master of Request to Archduke Philip the Handsome; from 1515 member of the council of Charles of Habsburg; from 1518 Chancellor of Castile; from 1519 chief councillor of Duchess Margaret of Austria; 1519-1544 Archbishop of Palermo; 1531-1540 President of the Privy Council of the Netherlands (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 121-122; CE, vol. 1, p. 272-273)⌊archiepiscopus PanormitanusJean Carondelet (*1469 – †1545), statesman, lawyer, close friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1497 Master of Request to Archduke Philip the Handsome; from 1515 member of the council of Charles of Habsburg; from 1518 Chancellor of Castile; from 1519 chief councillor of Duchess Margaret of Austria; 1519-1544 Archbishop of Palermo; 1531-1540 President of the Privy Council of the Netherlands (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 121-122; CE, vol. 1, p. 272-273)⌋ a negotiis aulicis remotus bonam agit vitam Bruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌊BrugisBruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌋, ubi praepositus est Divi Donatiani, et non semel a me petiit, ut veteris consuetudinis nomine tibi salutem fraternam impartirer.

Dominus Georg of Austria (*1504 – †1557), illegitimate son of Emperor Maximilian I; from 1526-04-09 untill 1539 Bishop of Brixen (Bressanone); from 1539-01-12 priest of Valencia, from 1539-04-08 Archbishop of Valencia, from 1544-08-16 Bishop of Liège⌊Georgius ab AustriaGeorg of Austria (*1504 – †1557), illegitimate son of Emperor Maximilian I; from 1526-04-09 untill 1539 Bishop of Brixen (Bressanone); from 1539-01-12 priest of Valencia, from 1539-04-08 Archbishop of Valencia, from 1544-08-16 Bishop of Liège⌋ ab olim episcopus Brixinensis, post mortem autem Erard de la Marck (d' Arenberg, Eberhard de la Marck) (*1472 – †1538), in 1507 accompanied Louis XII on his expedition against Genoa; 1506-1538 Prince-Bishop of Liège, 1507-1525 Bishop of Chartres, 1520 Archbishop of Valencia, 1521 elevated to cardinal, 1505 Louis XII of Valois' envoy at the court of Emperor Maximilian I (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 134)⌊cardinalis LeodiensisErard de la Marck (d' Arenberg, Eberhard de la Marck) (*1472 – †1538), in 1507 accompanied Louis XII on his expedition against Genoa; 1506-1538 Prince-Bishop of Liège, 1507-1525 Bishop of Chartres, 1520 Archbishop of Valencia, 1521 elevated to cardinal, 1505 Louis XII of Valois' envoy at the court of Emperor Maximilian I (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 134)⌋ factus archiepiscopus Valencia, city in southeastern Spain, on the mouth of the Turia river⌊Valentiae HispanicaeValencia, city in southeastern Spain, on the mouth of the Turia river⌋ neque multo post a domino Cornelis van Glymes van Bergen (*1490? – †1560?), son of Cornelis van Glymes and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen; 1538-1544 Prince-Bishop of Liège (he resigned in 1544)⌊Cornelio de ZevenbergheCornelis van Glymes van Bergen (*1490? – †1560?), son of Cornelis van Glymes and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen; 1538-1544 Prince-Bishop of Liège (he resigned in 1544)⌋, qui in Leodiensem successit episcopatum, adoptatus coadiutor, cum hac aestate ex Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniisSpain (Hispania)⌋ per France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliasFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ iter faceret, omnia tuta et secura arbitratus, iussu Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regis FrancorumFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ captus est atque ex uno carcere in alium cotidie transfertur nequiquam proficientibus precibus amicorum aut intercessione Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌊pontificis maximiPaul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌋. Captivitatis causam allegat idem Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊rexFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋, quod non multo ante duo ipsius familiares, Cesare Fregoso (*ca. 1500 – †1541), Genoan, diplomat in the service of France⌊Caesar scilicet FregosusCesare Fregoso (*ca. 1500 – †1541), Genoan, diplomat in the service of France⌋ et Antonius Rincon (†1541), Spanish diplomat in the service of the King of France; 1522-1525 envoy of King Francis I of Valois to Poland and Hungary; 1530-1541 - to Suleiman I; 1538-1541 official French ambassador to the Ottoman court (POCIECHA 2, p. 176-181, 342-351, 359-361, 368-370, 443-446, 583-585; SETTON 1984, p. 216-217, 312-319, 321, 325, 334, 360-363, 450, 456-459)⌊Anthonius RynconAntonius Rincon (†1541), Spanish diplomat in the service of the King of France; 1522-1525 envoy of King Francis I of Valois to Poland and Hungary; 1530-1541 - to Suleiman I; 1538-1541 official French ambassador to the Ottoman court (POCIECHA 2, p. 176-181, 342-351, 359-361, 368-370, 443-446, 583-585; SETTON 1984, p. 216-217, 312-319, 321, 325, 334, 360-363, 450, 456-459)⌋, dum secundo Po (Padus), river in Northern Italy⌊PadoPo (Padus), river in Northern Italy⌋ deveherentur, a nonnullis intercepti et, ut fama est, occisi sint. Quod factum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊ipseFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesariCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, hoc est caesareis ministris, qui in Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊ducatu sunt MediolaniMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ imputat, nam caesar tunc Regensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria, on the Danube river⌊RatisbonaeRegensburg (Ratisbona), city in southeastern Germany, Bavaria, on the Danube river⌋ erat neque quicquam de huiusmodi ministris, qui ad Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊ThurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ proficiscebantur, scire potuit. Sed neque, si veritatem liceat expendere caesareis ministris, possibile fuit quicquam de illorum adventu rescire, cum ipsi ex Turin (Torino), city in northwestern Italy, mainly on the left bank of the Po River, surrounded by the Alpine arch, capital of the Piedmont region⌊ThurinoTurin (Torino), city in northwestern Italy, mainly on the left bank of the Po River, surrounded by the Alpine arch, capital of the Piedmont region⌋ praemissis flumine terraque impedimentis et familia, famam adhaec spargentes, veluti et ipsi inter suos essent, seorsum sumpta navicula unius diei itinere suos sunt prosecuti, ubi non procul a Pavia (Ticinum, Papia), city in Lombardy, 35 km S of Milan, after the Battle of Pavia, from 1525 to 1713, under Spanish occupation; today in northern Italy⌊PapiaPavia (Ticinum, Papia), city in Lombardy, 35 km S of Milan, after the Battle of Pavia, from 1525 to 1713, under Spanish occupation; today in northern Italy⌋ in latrones, qui temere in una navi confluxerant ad septem usque viros, inciderunt. A quibus in vicinam perducti silvam, quorsum devenerint, usque in hunc diem serio ignoratur, nisi quod fama constans est occisos esse. Sed iste quidem praetextus est detentionis praefati reverendissimi Georg of Austria (*1504 – †1557), illegitimate son of Emperor Maximilian I; from 1526-04-09 untill 1539 Bishop of Brixen (Bressanone); from 1539-01-12 priest of Valencia, from 1539-04-08 Archbishop of Valencia, from 1544-08-16 Bishop of Liège⌊archiepiscopi ValentiniGeorg of Austria (*1504 – †1557), illegitimate son of Emperor Maximilian I; from 1526-04-09 untill 1539 Bishop of Brixen (Bressanone); from 1539-01-12 priest of Valencia, from 1539-04-08 Archbishop of Valencia, from 1544-08-16 Bishop of Liège⌋. Re autem vera detentionis causa est, quod speratum sit a quibusdam, si detineretur, fore, ut populus Liège (Lüttich, Leodium), city in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, on the Meuse river, capital of the diocese, today in southern Belgium, Wallonia⌊civitasque LeodiensisLiège (Lüttich, Leodium), city in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, on the Meuse river, capital of the diocese, today in southern Belgium, Wallonia⌋ insurgeret adversus hunc Cornelis van Glymes van Bergen (*1490? – †1560?), son of Cornelis van Glymes and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen; 1538-1544 Prince-Bishop of Liège (he resigned in 1544)⌊ZevenberghanumCornelis van Glymes van Bergen (*1490? – †1560?), son of Cornelis van Glymes and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen; 1538-1544 Prince-Bishop of Liège (he resigned in 1544)⌋, postquam is sacris initiari non studet, utque ipsius in locum alius quidam ex The Arenbergs a German noble family with many possessions in the southern Netherlands⌊familia ArembergensiumThe Arenbergs a German noble family with many possessions in the southern Netherlands⌋, coniunctus affinitate cum Erard de la Marck (d' Arenberg, Eberhard de la Marck) (*1472 – †1538), in 1507 accompanied Louis XII on his expedition against Genoa; 1506-1538 Prince-Bishop of Liège, 1507-1525 Bishop of Chartres, 1520 Archbishop of Valencia, 1521 elevated to cardinal, 1505 Louis XII of Valois' envoy at the court of Emperor Maximilian I (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 134)⌊defuncto cardinaleErard de la Marck (d' Arenberg, Eberhard de la Marck) (*1472 – †1538), in 1507 accompanied Louis XII on his expedition against Genoa; 1506-1538 Prince-Bishop of Liège, 1507-1525 Bishop of Chartres, 1520 Archbishop of Valencia, 1521 elevated to cardinal, 1505 Louis XII of Valois' envoy at the court of Emperor Maximilian I (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 134)⌋ et apud The French ⌊FrancosThe French ⌋ gratiosus sufficeretur isque postea The French ⌊GallorumThe French ⌋ et Cliviensium partes adversum Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ hasque provincias tueretur. Itaque adhuc super iis tractatur, illis ut ad se pelliciant, nobis ut in fide constantem conservemus provinciam.

Dominus Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌊Maximilianus ab EgmondaMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)⌋ comes de Buren, county in the Low Countries, today in the Netherlands, province of Gelderland⌊BurenBuren, county in the Low Countries, today in the Netherlands, province of Gelderland⌋ et Ysselsteyn (IJsselstein), town and castle in the Low Countries, 10 km SW of Utrecht, today in the Netherlands⌊YselsteinYsselsteyn (IJsselstein), town and castle in the Low Countries, 10 km SW of Utrecht, today in the Netherlands⌋ recte valet versaturque nunc in Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌊FrisiaFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌋ conservandis illis regionibus intentus.

Johan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌊IoannesJohan Cirksena (Johan I of East Frisia) (*ca. 1506 – †1572), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; younger brother of Count Enno II Cirksena, from 1538 husband of Dorothea of Austria, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. Contrary to his father and brother, he remained Catholic; 1539 Stadtholder of Limburg (DODGE, p. 89-103)⌋ comes Orientalis Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌊FrisiaeFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌋ frater Enno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia⌊EnnonisEnno II Cirksena (*1505 – †1540), son of Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, and Elisabeth von Rietberg; ruled together with his younger brother Johann I, who remained Catholic, while Enno converted to Lutheranism; 1528-1540 Count of East Frisia⌋ defuncti ducta Dorothea of Austria (*1510 – †1572), illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I⌊uxoreDorothea of Austria (*1510 – †1572), illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I⌋ una ex filiabus nothis Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesaris MaximilianiMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ diu quidem apud nos fuit, post fratris autem sui mortem in Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌊FrisiamFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands⌋ reversus a nobis in dies exspectatur praeficiendis nonnullis regionibus harum ditionum trans Meuse (Maas, Mosa), river rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea⌊MosamMeuse (Maas, Mosa), river rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea⌋ constitutis.

Iunior de van Gaasbeek ⌊Gasebequevan Gaasbeek ⌋,[3] Wouter IV van der Gracht (Gautier) (*1492 – †1554), son of Diederik (Thierry) van der Gracht (1454-ca. 1500), lord of Ter Gracht, Moorsele, Heule and Axel, Burgrave of Kortrijk; lord of Ter Gracht, Heule and Moorslede⌊dominus de HeulleWouter IV van der Gracht (Gautier) (*1492 – †1554), son of Diederik (Thierry) van der Gracht (1454-ca. 1500), lord of Ter Gracht, Moorsele, Heule and Axel, Burgrave of Kortrijk; lord of Ter Gracht, Heule and Moorslede⌋, Frédéric de Melun (†1550), Lord of Hellemont, great-master of the artillery in the service of Emperor Charles V (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 350)⌊Fridericus a MelunFrédéric de Melun (†1550), Lord of Hellemont, great-master of the artillery in the service of Emperor Charles V (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 350)⌋ prospere adhuc agunt.

Illustris dominus Louis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌊a PratoLouis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌋ iis diebus Johan of Flanders (Johan van Praet) (†1545), son of Louis of Flanders, Lord of Praet⌊filioJohan of Flanders (Johan van Praet) (†1545), son of Louis of Flanders, Lord of Praet⌋ suo uxorem dedit Jacqueline of Burgundy (*1523 – †1556), daughter of Adolf of Burgundy; wife of Johan II of Flanders⌊unamJacqueline of Burgundy (*1523 – †1556), daughter of Adolf of Burgundy; wife of Johan II of Flanders⌋ ex filiabus illustris quondam domini Adolf of Burgundy (dominus de Beveris, Lord of Beveren) (*1489 or 1490 – †1540), Lord of Veere and Beveren; from 1517 admiral of the Habsburg Netherlands⌊de BeverisAdolf of Burgundy (dominus de Beveris, Lord of Beveren) (*1489 or 1490 – †1540), Lord of Veere and Beveren; from 1517 admiral of the Habsburg Netherlands⌋, optimi amici utriusque nostrum. Is Louis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌊a PratoLouis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌋ podagra graviter cruciatur.

Dum haec scribo, nuntiantur gravia ex Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋, The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊Thurc[as]The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ scilicet valida manu regnum id ingressos, non tam ut destrua[nt], sed ut totum occupent. Nuntiantur et vera de Marano Lagunare, town in northeastern Italy, Friuli-Venezia_Giulia, 50 km NW of Trieste ⌊MaranoMarano Lagunare, town in northeastern Italy, Friuli-Venezia_Giulia, 50 km NW of Trieste ⌋, quod oppidum ad Adriatic (Superum Mare, Illiricum Mare), sea, part of the Mediterranean Sea⌊HadriaticumAdriatic (Superum Mare, Illiricum Mare), sea, part of the Mediterranean Sea⌋ est, captum scilicet esse proditione nonnullorum, idque per Beltrame Sacchia (*1507 – †1550), Italian merchant from Udine (DELLA MEA)

Giulio Cipriani

Bernardo de Castro ⌊ministrosBeltrame Sacchia (*1507 – †1550), Italian merchant from Udine (DELLA MEA)

Giulio Cipriani

Bernardo de Castro ⌋ Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regis FrancorumFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋, quod nec ipse diffitetur. Addit eosdem Beltrame Sacchia (*1507 – †1550), Italian merchant from Udine (DELLA MEA)

Giulio Cipriani

Bernardo de Castro ⌊ministrosBeltrame Sacchia (*1507 – †1550), Italian merchant from Udine (DELLA MEA)

Giulio Cipriani

Bernardo de Castro ⌋ Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊sibiFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ id offerre et, nisi recipiat, quaesituros alium (intelligunt Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊ThurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋), qui libenter id sit assumpturus.[4]

Vide, in qualia tempora incidimus. Quae si bene perpendamu[s], inveniemus hoc regimen sive rempublicam, quae vocata magis est quam fuit Christiana, vix ullo tempore fuisse magis vicinam exterminio. Scio Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊ChristumJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋ habiturum suos per orbem terrarum etiam inter The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊ThurcasThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et The Tatars ⌊TartarosThe Tatars ⌋, et si quae aliae sunt immaniores gentes, sed de regimine sive republica loquor, quae iactat sese tota Christiani nominis professione. Eam dico vix umquam magis periclitatam fuisse.

Sane in regnis Aquilonaribus erasus est ex pectoribus hominum Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊CrucifixusJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋ neque minus in multis Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaeGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ partibus. Horrenda, quae cotidie dicuntur de The English (Angli) ⌊AnglisThe English (Angli) ⌋, faciunt, ut verear, ne et illic ullo sit loco. Nihil dicam de nobis, qui nihilo meliores tantum lucra et usuras captamus deliciis assueti et luxu imbelles. Apud The French ⌊FrancosThe French ⌋ adeo dissolutus est clerus, de capitibus loquor, ut timere cogar, ne parum sit ovibus consultum. Non est, quid de Spain (Hispania)⌊regnis HispaniarumSpain (Hispania)⌋ apud te, cui notissima sunt, dicam. Ipsae America, the continent⌊novae regionesAmerica, the continent⌋ in altero paene orbe inventae, quod dolenter refero, imbuuntur caeremoniis magis quam bonis praeceptis. Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ ex maxima parte amisimus. Istic non reor multo magis esse pios magnates, vulgus autem, ut alibi, indoctum et rude, cui parum sinceriter sit insinuata professio nostra. Sed omisisti, inquies, de Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊ItaliaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ atque adeo de orbis capite Rome (Roma), city in central Italy, on the Tiber river, seat of the Holy See⌊RhomaRome (Roma), city in central Italy, on the Tiber river, seat of the Holy See⌋ dicere. Utinam, quemadmodum multis rebus Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ anteit ceteras regiones, ita fide quoque praestaret. Quid superest igitur, nisi ut Deum rogemus, ut nos e numero electorum non excludat?

Domini Wolfgang (Wolf) Haller von Hallerstein (*1492 – †1559), Fuggers' factor in Antwerp and their chief representative in Spain, financial advisor to Emperor Charles V and mediator for the financing of his election, from 1531 General Treasurer of the Netherands under regent Queen Mary of Hungary; Fuggers' factor (MUFFAT, p. 97)⌊Wolfgangus HallerWolfgang (Wolf) Haller von Hallerstein (*1492 – †1559), Fuggers' factor in Antwerp and their chief representative in Spain, financial advisor to Emperor Charles V and mediator for the financing of his election, from 1531 General Treasurer of the Netherands under regent Queen Mary of Hungary; Fuggers' factor (MUFFAT, p. 97)⌋ et Lazarus Tucher (*1491 – †1563), merchant and banker of Queen Mary of Hungary in Antwerp; Imperial councillor (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 303)⌊Lazarus TucherLazarus Tucher (*1491 – †1563), merchant and banker of Queen Mary of Hungary in Antwerp; Imperial councillor (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 303)⌋ sese plurimum commendant Reverendissimae Dominationi Vestrae. Idem dominus Wolfgang (Wolf) Haller von Hallerstein (*1492 – †1559), Fuggers' factor in Antwerp and their chief representative in Spain, financial advisor to Emperor Charles V and mediator for the financing of his election, from 1531 General Treasurer of the Netherands under regent Queen Mary of Hungary; Fuggers' factor (MUFFAT, p. 97)⌊WolphangusWolfgang (Wolf) Haller von Hallerstein (*1492 – †1559), Fuggers' factor in Antwerp and their chief representative in Spain, financial advisor to Emperor Charles V and mediator for the financing of his election, from 1531 General Treasurer of the Netherands under regent Queen Mary of Hungary; Fuggers' factor (MUFFAT, p. 97)⌋ tres habet ex Wife of Wolfgang HALLER von Hallerstein ⌊uxoreWife of Wolfgang HALLER von Hallerstein ⌋ filias et adhuc illam habet gravidam. Haec scribo Brussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌊BruxellaeBrussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌋ absente Elisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)⌊uxoreElisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)⌋, quae Bruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌊BrugisBruges (Brugia, Brugge), city in the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, in the 13th-15th centuries one of the most important commercial ports and trading centres in Europe, today in Belgium⌋ mansit una cum Catharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316)

Anne De Schepper (*1529-1532 – †1619), daughter of Cornelis De Schepper (DONCHE, p. 340-346)⌊duabus filiabusCatharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316)

Anne De Schepper (*1529-1532 – †1619), daughter of Cornelis De Schepper (DONCHE, p. 340-346)⌋, quarum, Catharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316)⌊quaeCatharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316)⌋ ex priore Pieter Laurijn first husband of Elisabeth Donche⌊viroPieter Laurijn first husband of Elisabeth Donche⌋ fuit, brevi, ut spero nubet. Cornelis De Schepper Jr (*1532 – †1582 or 1583), son of Cornelis De Schepper (DE VOCHT 1961, 316, 403-404; DONCHE, p. 310, 346-349)⌊FiliusCornelis De Schepper Jr (*1532 – †1582 or 1583), son of Cornelis De Schepper (DE VOCHT 1961, 316, 403-404; DONCHE, p. 310, 346-349)⌋ meus nunc annos natus novem instituitur hic in rudimentis primis apud virum religiosum en morigeratum.

Adolphus de Scornaco In 1526 he followed Cornelis De Schepper to Spain and there entered the service of Emperor Charles V. After his return to the Netherlands in 1533, Scornaco went to Rome (1534); 1546 canon at the St. Servatius Chapter in Maastricht (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 242)⌊BaculariusAdolphus de Scornaco In 1526 he followed Cornelis De Schepper to Spain and there entered the service of Emperor Charles V. After his return to the Netherlands in 1533, Scornaco went to Rome (1534); 1546 canon at the St. Servatius Chapter in Maastricht (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 242)⌋ noster senior tandem pertaesus aulae, nactus sacerdotiolum non sufficiens ad se alendum recepit se Leuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in Belgium⌊LovaniumLeuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in Belgium⌋ ibique in studio perseverans exspectat legitimum tempus, quo recipere poterit fructus praebendae in Utrecht (Traiectum ad Rhenum, Ultraiectum, Traiectum Inferius), city in the Low Countries, on the Rhine river, today in the Netherlands⌊Traiecto InferioreUtrecht (Traiectum ad Rhenum, Ultraiectum, Traiectum Inferius), city in the Low Countries, on the Rhine river, today in the Netherlands⌋, quam vigore precum imperialium est assecutus. Lieven Algoet (Livinus Panagathus, Livinus Omnibonus, Levinus Goethals) (†1547), Dutch humanist, poet and cartographer, author of an account of the Augsburg Diet (1530), in 1519 entered the service of Erasmus of Rotterdam, in 1534 became a preceptor of young courtiers at the court of Mary of Hungary (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 53, 371; CE, vol. 1, p. 35-36)⌊Levinus PanagathusLieven Algoet (Livinus Panagathus, Livinus Omnibonus, Levinus Goethals) (†1547), Dutch humanist, poet and cartographer, author of an account of the Augsburg Diet (1530), in 1519 entered the service of Erasmus of Rotterdam, in 1534 became a preceptor of young courtiers at the court of Mary of Hungary (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 53, 371; CE, vol. 1, p. 35-36)⌋ est ex fecialibus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ eumque secutus in Africa, the continent⌊AphricamAfrica, the continent⌋ et Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniamSpain (Hispania)⌋. Luctatur adhuc cum paupertate.

Ex aulicis senioribus pauci sunt apud Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ atque haud scio, an alios noscas, praeterquam dominum Jean de Montmorency (†1563)⌊de CourrieresJean de Montmorency (†1563)⌋ et Philibert de la Baume diplomat in the service of Emperor Charles V; Baron of Saint-Amour and Montfalconnet, Count of Coiligny-le-Neuf⌊MontfalconetumPhilibert de la Baume diplomat in the service of Emperor Charles V; Baron of Saint-Amour and Montfalconnet, Count of Coiligny-le-Neuf⌋, nam dominus Adrien de Croÿ (*ca. 1475 – †1553), Count of Le Roeulx⌊comes de ReuxAdrien de Croÿ (*ca. 1475 – †1553), Count of Le Roeulx⌋ magnus oeconomus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, gubernator est apud nos Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriaeFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋ et Artois (Artesië), county in Northern France, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands⌊ArthesiiArtois (Artesië), county in Northern France, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands⌋. De Boussu (de Bossu) ⌊Dominus de BossuDe Boussu (de Bossu) ⌋ quamquam acerbissime torquetur podagra, Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ tamen cf. Liv. 2.32 Nullam profecto nisi in concordia civium spem reliquam ducere; eam per aequa, per iniqua reconciliandam civitati esse.; Prop. 2.4.1 sic primo iuvenes trepidant in amore feroces, / dehinc domiti post haec aequa et iniqua ferunt. ⌊per aequa et iniquacf. Liv. 2.32 Nullam profecto nisi in concordia civium spem reliquam ducere; eam per aequa, per iniqua reconciliandam civitati esse.; Prop. 2.4.1 sic primo iuvenes trepidant in amore feroces, / dehinc domiti post haec aequa et iniqua ferunt. ⌋ comitatus est. Christoph von Rogendorf (*1510 – †after 1588), son of Wilhelm von Rogendorf; Count of Guntersdorf and Mollendorf, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (ZAJIC)⌊FiliusChristoph von Rogendorf (*1510 – †after 1588), son of Wilhelm von Rogendorf; Count of Guntersdorf and Mollendorf, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (ZAJIC)⌋ domini Wilhelm von Rogendorf (*1481 – †1541), military commander and diplomat in the service of the Habsburgs, especially for Hungarian affairs; after 1506 military commander in Italy, 1517 Stadtholder of Frisia, 1524 Commander-in-chief of the drabants (yeomen) of the royal guard, Governor of Catalonia, Roussillon and Cerdanya, 1527 chief steward at the court of Ferdinand I, 1534 President of his Privy Council, 1541 commander in Hungary for the purpose of capturing Buda, 1515 imperial envoy (together with Johan Cuspinian and Lorenz Saurer), at the First Congress of Vienna, in 1517 conducted negotiations in the Habsburg Netherlands regarding the consideration by Maximilian I of the new marriage between Sigismund I and Eleanor of Austria (CEID 2/1, p. 110-111, footnote 12)⌊Guilielmi a RoghendorffWilhelm von Rogendorf (*1481 – †1541), military commander and diplomat in the service of the Habsburgs, especially for Hungarian affairs; after 1506 military commander in Italy, 1517 Stadtholder of Frisia, 1524 Commander-in-chief of the drabants (yeomen) of the royal guard, Governor of Catalonia, Roussillon and Cerdanya, 1527 chief steward at the court of Ferdinand I, 1534 President of his Privy Council, 1541 commander in Hungary for the purpose of capturing Buda, 1515 imperial envoy (together with Johan Cuspinian and Lorenz Saurer), at the First Congress of Vienna, in 1517 conducted negotiations in the Habsburg Netherlands regarding the consideration by Maximilian I of the new marriage between Sigismund I and Eleanor of Austria (CEID 2/1, p. 110-111, footnote 12)⌋ defuncti nunc comes de Roghendorff duabus uxoribus vita exutis, iuvenis ipse adhuc superioribus diebus ad nos venit. Quid venetur, nescio. Moribus est aulicissimis, diceres ad aulam natum.

Eustathius Knobelsdorf (Constans Alliopagus) (*1519 – †1571), neo-Latin poet, studied at the universities in Frankfurt an der Oder (1534-1544), Wittenberg (1538), Leipzig, Louvain (1540), Paris, and Orleans; from 1533 Dantiscus provided financial support for his education; 1544 secretary of the Ermland (Warmia) Chapter; 1546 Canon of Ermland; 1546 Canon of Wrocław (Breslau); 1546-1548 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1548-1551 administrator of the Chapter's estate in Allenstein (Olsztyn); 1552 Custos of Ermland; 1553 Vicar General of the bishopric of Ermland; 1558-1564 administrator of the diocese of Ermland in the absence of Bishop Stanisław Hozjusz; 1559 Chancellor of the Wrocław Chapter; 1565 Dean of the Wrocław Chapter; 1567 General Judicial Vicar of the diocese of Wrocław (BORAWSKA 1996 Życie, p. 70, 103; KOPICZKO 2, p. 152; SBKW, p. 152; KNOBELSDORF)⌊Eustachius AlleopagusEustathius Knobelsdorf (Constans Alliopagus) (*1519 – †1571), neo-Latin poet, studied at the universities in Frankfurt an der Oder (1534-1544), Wittenberg (1538), Leipzig, Louvain (1540), Paris, and Orleans; from 1533 Dantiscus provided financial support for his education; 1544 secretary of the Ermland (Warmia) Chapter; 1546 Canon of Ermland; 1546 Canon of Wrocław (Breslau); 1546-1548 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1548-1551 administrator of the Chapter's estate in Allenstein (Olsztyn); 1552 Custos of Ermland; 1553 Vicar General of the bishopric of Ermland; 1558-1564 administrator of the diocese of Ermland in the absence of Bishop Stanisław Hozjusz; 1559 Chancellor of the Wrocław Chapter; 1565 Dean of the Wrocław Chapter; 1567 General Judicial Vicar of the diocese of Wrocław (BORAWSKA 1996 Życie, p. 70, 103; KOPICZKO 2, p. 152; SBKW, p. 152; KNOBELSDORF)⌋ tuus, de cuius eruditione quid sentiam, expressi aliis meis cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Brussels, 1541-06-12, CIDTC IDL 2434;
Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1541-04-12, CIDTC IDL 2413⌊litteriscf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Brussels, 1541-06-12, CIDTC IDL 2434;
Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1541-04-12, CIDTC IDL 2413⌋, Leuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in Belgium⌊LovanioLeuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in Belgium⌋ migravit Paris (Lutetia Parisiorum, Parisii), city in central France, on the Seine river, capital of France⌊Lutetiam ParrhisiorumParis (Lutetia Parisiorum, Parisii), city in central France, on the Seine river, capital of France⌋ illustre de se relinquens nomen facilitatis et modestiae. Si quid ad Eustathius Knobelsdorf (Constans Alliopagus) (*1519 – †1571), neo-Latin poet, studied at the universities in Frankfurt an der Oder (1534-1544), Wittenberg (1538), Leipzig, Louvain (1540), Paris, and Orleans; from 1533 Dantiscus provided financial support for his education; 1544 secretary of the Ermland (Warmia) Chapter; 1546 Canon of Ermland; 1546 Canon of Wrocław (Breslau); 1546-1548 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1548-1551 administrator of the Chapter's estate in Allenstein (Olsztyn); 1552 Custos of Ermland; 1553 Vicar General of the bishopric of Ermland; 1558-1564 administrator of the diocese of Ermland in the absence of Bishop Stanisław Hozjusz; 1559 Chancellor of the Wrocław Chapter; 1565 Dean of the Wrocław Chapter; 1567 General Judicial Vicar of the diocese of Wrocław (BORAWSKA 1996 Życie, p. 70, 103; KOPICZKO 2, p. 152; SBKW, p. 152; KNOBELSDORF)⌊eumEustathius Knobelsdorf (Constans Alliopagus) (*1519 – †1571), neo-Latin poet, studied at the universities in Frankfurt an der Oder (1534-1544), Wittenberg (1538), Leipzig, Louvain (1540), Paris, and Orleans; from 1533 Dantiscus provided financial support for his education; 1544 secretary of the Ermland (Warmia) Chapter; 1546 Canon of Ermland; 1546 Canon of Wrocław (Breslau); 1546-1548 Chancellor of the Ermland Chapter; 1548-1551 administrator of the Chapter's estate in Allenstein (Olsztyn); 1552 Custos of Ermland; 1553 Vicar General of the bishopric of Ermland; 1558-1564 administrator of the diocese of Ermland in the absence of Bishop Stanisław Hozjusz; 1559 Chancellor of the Wrocław Chapter; 1565 Dean of the Wrocław Chapter; 1567 General Judicial Vicar of the diocese of Wrocław (BORAWSKA 1996 Życie, p. 70, 103; KOPICZKO 2, p. 152; SBKW, p. 152; KNOBELSDORF)⌋ volent amici, poterit medio Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae ad me mitti, nam qualiacumque erunt tempora, semper habituri sumus viam, qua litteras tuto possimus ad huiusmodi non suspectos transmittere.

Here starts the letter added by Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊Godschalk EricksenGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋

Superveni, cum communis amicus dominus Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊ScepperusCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ a complenda hac pagina in aulam avocaretur. Memor itaque Reverendissimae Tuae Dominationis erga me benevolentiae veteris indignum me admissurus videbatur, si non vel tantillo scriptionis officio meam erga Tuam Amplissimam Dignitatem perpetuam testarer observantiam et amici operas in complendis chartis levarem.

Scripsit Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊illeCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋ (non dubito) de rebus singulis tam publicis, quam privatis exacte satis. Quod superest, ego et meo sedulo, et multorum illustrium virorum, in quorum convictu tui frequens et honorifica sit mentio, nomine Dignitati Tuae Amplissimae perpetuam accessionem, incolumitatem praeterea diuturnam et felicem vitam ex animo optamus. Inflammat nonnumquam hanc tui memoriam, licet in cordibus nostris numquam tepentem, submissum quotannis calcar, beatam illam Iopensem cerevisiam dicere volo, quae ut aliorum palato arrideat, non magnopere laboro, Saxokarli tui gustui abunde satisfecit.

Ego iam multo confractus membra labore sacerdotium die noctuque meditor. Canonicatum habeo Mayence diocese⌊Maguntinensis ecclesiaeMayence diocese⌋, sed quia non possum stemma meum ex Holstein, duchy in the Holy Roman Empire⌊HolsatiaHolstein, duchy in the Holy Roman Empire⌋ et Denmark (Dania)⌊DaniaDenmark (Dania)⌋ adversante Christian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌊duce HolsatieChristian III of Oldenburg (*1503 – †1559), 1534-1559 King of Denmark and Norway, 1523-1559 Duke of Holstein and Schleswig; son of Frederick I of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, and his first consort, Anna of Brandenburg⌋ Mayence (Mainz, Moguntia), city in western Germany, seat of the Prince-Elector Archbishops of Mayence, primates of Germany⌊MaguntiamMayence (Mainz, Moguntia), city in western Germany, seat of the Prince-Elector Archbishops of Mayence, primates of Germany⌋ deducere, a fructuum illius perceptione prohibeor. Beneficio etiam Johan Weze (*1490 – †1548), secretary to King Christian II of Denmark; in 1522 nominated Archbishop of Lund; in 1527 was banished from Denmark as Christian II's secretary, and joined the service of Emperor Charles V as his diplomat, 1537-1548 Bishop of Constance (WHALEY, p. 314)⌊reverendissimi domini Lundensis et ConstantiensisJohan Weze (*1490 – †1548), secretary to King Christian II of Denmark; in 1522 nominated Archbishop of Lund; in 1527 was banished from Denmark as Christian II's secretary, and joined the service of Emperor Charles V as his diplomat, 1537-1548 Bishop of Constance (WHALEY, p. 314)⌋ preces regales Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊FerdinandiFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ etc. ad reverendum dominum episcopum Leodiensem habeo, quarum etiam vigore canonicatum Prince-Bishopric of Liège (Episcopatus Leodiensis), diocese, and ecclesiastic state in the Low Countries, part of the Holy Roman Empire, today part of Belgium and the Netherlands⌊ecclesiae LeodiensisPrince-Bishopric of Liège (Episcopatus Leodiensis), diocese, and ecclesiastic state in the Low Countries, part of the Holy Roman Empire, today part of Belgium and the Netherlands⌋ acceptavi, sed modernus Leodiensis episcopus Cornelis van Glymes van Bergen (*1490? – †1560?), son of Cornelis van Glymes and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen; 1538-1544 Prince-Bishop of Liège (he resigned in 1544)⌊Dycgravius SevenburgensisCornelis van Glymes van Bergen (*1490? – †1560?), son of Cornelis van Glymes and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen; 1538-1544 Prince-Bishop of Liège (he resigned in 1544)⌋ puero in contemptum precum regalium providit, contra quem Rome (Roma), city in central Italy, on the Tiber river, seat of the Holy See⌊RomaeRome (Roma), city in central Italy, on the Tiber river, seat of the Holy See⌋ in auditorio Rotae ius experior.

Si hic mihi canonicatus Leodiensis, uti spero, iure addicetur, decrevi eo omnino loci mihi quietem deligere, habeo enim beneficio sacrae Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesareae maiestatisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ pensionem annuam octingentorum florenorum Carolinorum ex abbatia sancti Nicolai[7] prope Veurne (Furnes), town in the Low Countries, Flanders, 45 km SW of Brugge, today in Belgium⌊FurnasVeurne (Furnes), town in the Low Countries, Flanders, 45 km SW of Brugge, today in Belgium⌋ Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriaeFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋, quae ad rem domesticam honestius formandam non modicum praestabunt auxilii. Et quoniam animus meus Reverendissimae Tuae Amplitudini addictissimus est et perpetuo manebit, volui quoque, ut fortunae meae et opes, qualescumque sunt, innotescerent et tibi ac tuis expositae essent.

Nondum manum extremam imposueram his litteris, quam certe neque nunc libens impono, cum in aulam sum vocatus, ubi iussum commissumque mihi, ut die crastina per postas proficiscar Speyer (Spira), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river, 25 km S of Mannheim⌊SpyramSpeyer (Spira), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river, 25 km S of Mannheim⌋. Reversus domum inveni domini Godschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌊GodtscalciGodschalk Ericksen (Godschalk Sassenkerle, Godscalcus Ericii, Godscalcus Ericius, Godscalcus Saxocarolus) (†1544), tutor to Christian II's children; 1513 secretary to Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark, 1520-1523 member of the Danish Council of the Realm, 1525 Chancellor of Christian II (in exile), from 1532 in the service of Emperor Charles V; 1533 imperial envoy to Bavaria, 1535 - to Köln, Trier, Münster, and the Hanse towns (DE VOCHT 1961, p.. 15; CE, vol. 1, p. 443)⌋ additiones sive glossemata iis inserta, quae scio tibi fore gratissima. Ideoque id tantum addam me eum esse, qui perpetuo agnoscam benevolentiam erga me tuam. Ita me is adiuvet, qui potens est nos simul adhuc in hac vita sistere, quod tam non est alienum rebus in deteriora vergentibus, quibus quantulamcumque operam meam impendere semper sum paratus.

Bernhard von Höfen (Bernhard Flachsbinder) (†after 1548), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother, stayed with Dantiscus in Spain, as a member of his mission's retinue, and was used as a trusted courier to Poland at least from 1526; after 1530 Starost of Löbau

Georg von Höfen (Georg Flachsbinder, Georgius de Curiis) (†after 1550-02-07), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother; Starosta of Rössel (HARTMANN 1525-1550, No. 584, 586, 588; AGAD, MK, 77, f. 385-386v)⌊FratribusBernhard von Höfen (Bernhard Flachsbinder) (†after 1548), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother, stayed with Dantiscus in Spain, as a member of his mission's retinue, and was used as a trusted courier to Poland at least from 1526; after 1530 Starost of Löbau

Georg von Höfen (Georg Flachsbinder, Georgius de Curiis) (†after 1550-02-07), Ioannes Dantiscus' brother; Starosta of Rössel (HARTMANN 1525-1550, No. 584, 586, 588; AGAD, MK, 77, f. 385-386v)⌋ et Anna von Höfen (Anna Reyneck, Anna Flachsbinder), sister of Ioannes Dantiscus, wife of Johann Hannau Sr and, after his death, of Johann Reyneck

Catherina von Höfen Dantiscus' sister, 1538-11-17 married Hans Glaubitz (CIDTC, IDL 5205; IDL 2425; IDL 4399)

Ursula von Höfen (Ursula Flachsbinder), Dantiscus’ sister, wife of Johann Reisen, mother of Justine, Ursule, and Augustin; then wife of Zacharias Lehmann, mother of Johann Lehmann⌊sororibusAnna von Höfen (Anna Reyneck, Anna Flachsbinder), sister of Ioannes Dantiscus, wife of Johann Hannau Sr and, after his death, of Johann Reyneck

Catherina von Höfen Dantiscus' sister, 1538-11-17 married Hans Glaubitz (CIDTC, IDL 5205; IDL 2425; IDL 4399)

Ursula von Höfen (Ursula Flachsbinder), Dantiscus’ sister, wife of Johann Reisen, mother of Justine, Ursule, and Augustin; then wife of Zacharias Lehmann, mother of Johann Lehmann⌋, amicisque tuis ex me plurimam salutem dicito feliciterque vale, mi ex animo observandissime pater.

Eiusdem Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae humilis inservitor et filius Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelius ScepperusCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋

[2 8 ] There was an Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌊Imperial DietImperial Diet (Reichstag) ⌋ in Speyer (Spira), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river, 25 km S of Mannheim⌊SpeyerSpeyer (Spira), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river, 25 km S of Mannheim⌋ from December 29, 1541 (in fact since February 8, 1542) untill April 11, 1542

[3 ] Maximiliaan van Horne (1480-1542) was Lord of Gaasbeek. He had two sons: Hendrik van Horne (†1540) and Maarten van Horne (1510-1570). As this letter is from 1542, probably Maarten is meant

[4 ] Beltrame Sacchia (*1507 – †1550), Italian merchant from Udine (DELLA MEA)⌊Beltrame SacchiaBeltrame Sacchia (*1507 – †1550), Italian merchant from Udine (DELLA MEA)⌋ and his companions passed Marano Lagunare, town in northeastern Italy, Friuli-Venezia_Giulia, 50 km NW of Trieste ⌊MaranoMarano Lagunare, town in northeastern Italy, Friuli-Venezia_Giulia, 50 km NW of Trieste ⌋ into the hands of Piero Stròzzi (*1510 – †1558)⌊Piero StròzziPiero Stròzzi (*1510 – †1558)⌋, condottiere in the service of King Francis I, who then in 1543 sold it to the Venice (Venezia, Venetiae), city in northeastern Italy, capital of the Republic of Venice⌊Republic of VeniceVenice (Venezia, Venetiae), city in northeastern Italy, capital of the Republic of Venice⌋; see cf. Elisa Della Mea, "Beltrame Sacchia e la riconquista di Marano (1542-1550)", in: Ce fastu? Bollettino ufficiale della Società filologica friulana 88 (2012), p. 215-241 ⌊DELLA MEAcf. Elisa Della Mea, "Beltrame Sacchia e la riconquista di Marano (1542-1550)", in: Ce fastu? Bollettino ufficiale della Società filologica friulana 88 (2012), p. 215-241 ⌋

[7 ] Norbertine (Premonstratensian) abbey of Saint Nicholas