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Letter #3001

Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Brussels, 1546-10-18

English register:

Given the fact that the Emperor [Charles V] has decided on military action against the Elector Prince of Saxony [Johann Friedrich] and the Landgrave of Hesse [Philip I der Großmütige], for lack of a trusted messenger De Schepper has postponed sending for quite some time his letter to Dantiscus written in June.

De Schepper reports that great military levies are being conducted. De Schepper was was instructed to negotiate with the Spanish and Italian units, which the Emperor had provided to the King of England for the war against France. After the war they were scattered all over the Low Countries. The task to rid the country of their presence was a success thanks to, among other things, Queen Mary’s generous contribution to the soldiers’ pay. They traversed the country without causing harm, and joined the troops levied for the Emperor by Count Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren.

Meanwhile, Count of Buren met with De Schepper at [Queen Mary’s] court. He expressed a desire to meet with Dantiscus and handed over a letter that he wrote himself, which De Schepper sends together with the present letter.

De Schepper lists the composition of the imperial troops and outlines military operations carried out during their glorious march to the Emperor’s camp near Ingolstadt, where they arrived on 15 September.

De Schepper describes a powerful explosion of gunpowder stored in a tower of the city walls of Mechelen. It happened on the night of 7 August due to a lightning strike. The explosion resulted in huge damage and loss of people, animals and property. A widow living in the tower sensed a storm was coming and she and her children avoided death thanks to spending the night elsewhere. De Schepper expects that the reconstruction of Mechelen, which is already underway, will benefit the appearance of this wealthy town. He is surprised that the gunpowder stored in the other towers was intact. The Emperor’s enemies are spreading rumours that the destruction of Mechelen is the result of God’s anger towards the Emperor and those who fight against the Gospel [i.e. fight against the Protestants]. De Schepper expresses joy that there is still enough gunpowder to resist enemies.

De Schepper indicates topics that he thinks should be more familiar to those in Poland than in the Low Countries, which messengers seldom reach due to the roads in Württemberg having been seized. These topics are as follows: enemies’ violence against the Emperor, their occupation of the Klause gorge and Ehrenberg castle, the seizing of Füssen and Dillingen from the Cardinal of Augsburg [Otto Truchsess von Waldburg], the surrender of Schloss Rain [am Lech] by Konrad von Boyneburg, and the establishment of a garrison to improve the defences of Prince Otto’s [Ottheinrich von Wittelsbach von der Pfalz’s] town of Neuburg an der Donau. There are French and English envoys in the camps of both sides of the conflict. De Schepper expresses the hope that the purpose of their mission is peace. [The Emperor’s] opponents are publishing pamphlet with false information.

De Schepper describes the situation in the Low Countries provinces bordering on Germany. So far things are peaceful there, thanks to the fact that the duties of Count Buren – who is busy making war – as governor in Frisia and Overijssel have been taken over by Wynand von Breyll, a wise, modest, faithful man experienced in the art of war. The governors of neighbouring provinces are also ready to help: Lord of Praet in Utrecht and Philippe De Lalaing in Guelders. Having learned that these regions are not abandoned, the enemy has withdrawn from their plans to attack. In the Low Countries people most fear the threat of the Anabaptists, who are striving to put in power not noble and rich people but people like themselves: poor, indecisive and desperate. These aspirations are supported by the Landgrave [Philip I of Hesse] and towns allied with him. The Landgrave has allegedly already set up troops which will be accessible to people of low class — that is, people similar to the supporters of Jan Łaski [jr.], David Joris and Menno Simons.

De Schepper informs Dantiscus of the premature death of the husband [Johann le Gros] of his stepdaughter Catharina [Laurijn]. The widow and their only child remain in De Schepper’s care. The deceased man had done great service for the inhabitants of Veere in Zeeland province. He was also the right-hand man of Lord of Beveren [Maximiliaan of Burgundy].

Everyone is looking forward to the end of the war [in Germany]. However things go, no state or private affairs will come betweeen De Schepper and Dantiscus. Gemma Frisius has become an excellent physician. He treats magnates and even the Emperor himself. He lives with his family in Louvain. De Schepper is amazed at the hatred the people of Bremen and Hamburg feel towards the Emperor, given that he granted them many liberties and privileges. De Schepper commends himself and his family to Dantiscus’ memory and sends wishes for his happiness from them.


            received Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1547-02-04

Manuscript sources:
1fair copy in Latin, autograph, UUB, H. 155, f. 140-143
2copy in Latin, 18th-century, LSB, BR 19, No. 66
3register with excerpt in Latin, Polish, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8244 (TK 6), a. 1546, f. 59
4register with excerpt in Latin, English, 20th-century, CBKUL, R.III, 30, No. 165

Prints:
1DE VOCHT 1961 No. DE, 476, p. 398 (English register)
2CEID 2/2 (Letter No. 86) p. 576-586 (in extenso; English register)

 

Text & apparatus & commentaryPlain textText & commentaryText & apparatus

 

Reverendissimo et excellentissimo Praesuli, Domino et Patri meo honorandissimo, domino Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of ErmlandIoanni DantiscoIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland episcopo Varmiensi etc., Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of PolandPrussiaePrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland primati

Reverendissime et Excellentissime Praesul, domine et pater ex animo honorandissime et observandissime.

cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974Scripsicf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974 ad te superiore mense Iunio de iis, quae tunc occurrebant atque, ut opinor, satis copiose ad cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1545 December or 1546 January, CIDTC IDL 6698, letter lostlitterascf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Cornelis DE SCHEPPER 1545 December or 1546 January, CIDTC IDL 6698, letter lost tuas, verum cum prospicerem de securo fidoque tabellario, cui cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974eascf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974 committerem, perlatus est ad nos sub finem mensis illius nuntius Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile decrevisse adversus Johann Friedrich der Großmütige (Johann Friedrich von Wettin) (*1503 – †1554), 1532-1547 Prince-Elector of Saxony; one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic LeagueSaxoniae ducemJohann Friedrich der Großmütige (Johann Friedrich von Wettin) (*1503 – †1554), 1532-1547 Prince-Elector of Saxony; one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League electorem et Philip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783)lantgravium HassiaePhilip I of Hesse der Großmütige (*1504 – †1567), 1509-1567 Landgrave of Hesse, actually in power from 1518; son of Wilhelm II of Hesse and Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, married to Christine of Saxony (daughter of Georg, Duke of Saxony), protector of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany, one of the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League (taken prisoner by emperor Charles V of Habsburg after the defeat at Mühlberg in 1547, but released in 1552) (ADB, 25, p. 765-783) pro sua auctoritate agere atque in eos uti rebelles et malorum omnium auctores concitatoresque animadvertere, quas ad res obeundas cum armis opus esset, magnos equitum peditumque delectus ubique fieri. Quo nuntio cum nos, qui cf. Stat. Ach. 1.807-808 At tu tranquillus in alta pace mane in alta pace sederecf. Stat. Ach. 1.807-808 At tu tranquillus in alta pace mane credebamus, non parum consternati animo essemus, prospicientibus, quam arduam provinciam Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castilemaiestas caesareaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile aggrederetur at necessariam tamen, parendumque esset ipsius imperio, varia cuilibet nostrum munia iniuncta fuere. Quae facile effecere, ut cf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974litterascf. Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS Binche, 1546-06-12*, CIDTC IDL 2974 meas ad te non statuerim tam periculoso tempore, nisi fidis manibus, credere.

Et mihi quidem incubuit cum iis The Spaniards HispanorumThe Spaniards atque The Italians ItalorumThe Italians cohortibus, quae Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of Yorkregi AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York durante bello servierant et sub id tempus pace inter The French FrancosThe French The English (Angli) AnglosThe English (Angli) que composita exauctoratae per provinciam nostram sese diffuderant, tractare eisdemque provinciam nostram quovis modo exonerare proposita illis spe, si ad Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile contenderent, fore, ut militari stipendio ibi donarentur, nam nobis haudquaquam illorum servitio opus esse neque toleraturos, ut populo nostro diutius sint onerosi. Quibus quidem persuasionibus inducti, praesertim vero accedente liberalitate serenissimae Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellonreginae MariaeMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon, quae de suo proprio, non de Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile aerario, aliquot milia florenorum donativi loco illis elargita est, facile innocui transivere partimque in nostro, partim in Eburonum vicinorum, partim etiam in Iuliacensium agro reliquas copias, quas caesaris nomine illustris dominus Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)Maximilianus ab EgmondaMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424) comes Burensis parabat, praestolarentur.

At vero iam sub huius conclusionis initium Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile praefato illustri Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)comiti BurensiMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424) mandaverat, ut ex nostra vicinaque The Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western GermanyInferioris GermaniaeThe Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany gente duodecim milia peditum et tria equitum gravis armaturae colligeret. Quibus ut ex ordinario nostro equitatu alas aliquot adiungeremus ceteraque ad profectionem necessaria, imperaverat. Quo factum est, ut ita exigente celeritate nemini nostrum non fuerit satis negotii in promovenda Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)illiusMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424) abitione, cum nec ipse ullum omitteret momentum ad ea obeunda, quae commissa illi fuere. Itaque intra mensis unius spatium equitatus peditatusque omnis paratus fuit.

Interea venit in aulam nostram illustris dominus Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)comes a BurenMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424), cum quo de te longus mihi sermo fuit et suavissimus, cum ille nihil magis optare se dixit, quam ut aliquando tecum adhuc congredi convivereque posset. Addidit et ad te cf. Maximiliaan van EGMOND-BUREN to Ioannes DANTISCUS before 1546-10-18, CIDTC IDL 6988, letter lostlitterascf. Maximiliaan van EGMOND-BUREN to Ioannes DANTISCUS before 1546-10-18, CIDTC IDL 6988, letter lost sua manu suoque Mars ancient Roman god of warMarteMars ancient Roman god of war compositas, utcumque sonantes Latine et praeseferentes non male ab adulescentia institut[um] profecturum fuisse in litteris, nisi diversum vitae genus illum a studiis revocasset. Eas ad te mitto cum praesentibus.

Nec multo post praemisso universo milite, qui ex equitibus ter mille conducticiis, nostratibus ordinariis supra mille quadringentis, comprehensis aulicis caesareis aliisque sponte ad eam militiam proficiscentibus, gravioris, inquam, armaturae, levioris autem The Italians ItalisThe Italians su[b] Ippolito Pallavicino Hyppolito PalavicinoIppolito Pallavicino ducentis, totidem The Spaniards HispanisThe Spaniards et aliquot The Greeks GraecisThe Greeks , inhabitants of Epirus Epyrotisinhabitants of Epirus et The Dalmatians DalmatisThe Dalmatians , qui omnes Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of Yorkregi AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York servieran[t], et ducentis The Germans GermanisThe Germans archabusariis, peditibus autem Inhabitants of The Low Countries Germanis InferioribusInhabitants of The Low Countries duodecim milibus, Hispanis Italisque, qui et ipsi ex servitio venerant The English (Angli) AnglorumThe English (Angli) , tribus fere milibus, machinis autem bellicis duodecim cum rebus omnibus necessariis constabat, Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)ipseMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424) eos prope Cologne (Köln, Colonia, Colonia Agrippina), city in western Germany, on the Rhine riverColoniamCologne (Köln, Colonia, Colonia Agrippina), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river assecutus non procul a Rhine (Rhein, Rhenus), river in central Europe, flowing through Switzerland, Germany (partially as a border with France) and the Netherlands, into the North SeaRheniRhine (Rhein, Rhenus), river in central Europe, flowing through Switzerland, Germany (partially as a border with France) and the Netherlands, into the North Sea rip[a] iter fecit, nulli nocuit tandemque non procul a Bingen am Rhein, town in germany, Palatinate of RhineByngioBingen am Rhein, town in germany, Palatinate of Rhine flume[n] Rhenum, quod ab altera parte Friedrich von Reiffenberg Fridericus a ReyffenbergFriedrich von Reiffenberg et com[es] Christoph von Oldenburg (*1504 – †1566), German condottiere; Regent in Eastern Denmark during the Count's War (1534-1536) (ADB, Bd. 4, p. 241-243)Christophorus ab OldenborgChristoph von Oldenburg (*1504 – †1566), German condottiere; Regent in Eastern Denmark during the Count's War (1534-1536) (ADB, Bd. 4, p. 241-243), is qui infeliciter in Denmark (Dania)DaniaDenmark (Dania) militavit, cum duodecim aut amplius peditum milibus atque aliquot al[is] equitum servandum sibi desumpserant, illis invitis transmisit coegitque fugam inire omnes ad ipsa moenia Frankfurt am Main (Francofurtum ad Moenum, Frankenfordia), city in western Germany, HesseFrancophordiaeFrankfurt am Main (Francofurtum ad Moenum, Frankenfordia), city in western Germany, Hesse nonnullis, uti fit, caesis captisque signis militaribus aliquot. Receptis ergo locis, quae hostes prius insederant, ex opposito Mayence (Mainz, Moguntia), city in western Germany, seat of the Prince-Elector Archbishops of Mayence, primates of GermanyMoguntiaeMayence (Mainz, Moguntia), city in western Germany, seat of the Prince-Elector Archbishops of Mayence, primates of Germany reliquus exercitus est per otium traductus ibique ad eum convenere supra quattuor equitum milia, quae caesareum stipendium sub marchionibus probably Johann of Brandenburg-Küstrin (Hans von Küstrin) (*1513 – †1571), 1535-1571 Margrave of Brandenburg-KüstrinIoanneprobably Johann of Brandenburg-Küstrin (Hans von Küstrin) (*1513 – †1571), 1535-1571 Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin et probably Albrecht II Alcibiades (of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Albrecht von Hohenzollern Alkibiades) (*1522 – †1557), son of Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, and Susanna von Bayern; 1541-1554 Margrave of Brandenburg-KulmbachAlbertoprobably Albrecht II Alcibiades (of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Albrecht von Hohenzollern Alkibiades) (*1522 – †1557), son of Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, and Susanna von Bayern; 1541-1554 Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, itemque sub administratore Teutonic Order (Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum), military order founded at the end of the 12th centuryordinis TeuthonicorumTeutonic Order (Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum), military order founded at the end of the 12th century merebant, praepeditique eatenus, ut Rhine (Rhein, Rhenus), river in central Europe, flowing through Switzerland, Germany (partially as a border with France) and the Netherlands, into the North SeaRhen[um]Rhine (Rhein, Rhenus), river in central Europe, flowing through Switzerland, Germany (partially as a border with France) and the Netherlands, into the North Sea transire non auderent, ipsius Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)BurensisMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424) adventum fuerant per aliquot hebdomadas praestolati. Quare tam magno auctus equitatu et a Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesareCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile accelerare iussus magnis itineribus nullo hoste obviam illi ire audente decima quinta Septembris in castra Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castilecaesareae maiestatisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile prope Ingolstadt, city in the Free State of Bavaria, located along the banks of the Danube River, in the centre of BavariaIngolstadiumIngolstadt, city in the Free State of Bavaria, located along the banks of the Danube River, in the centre of Bavaria magna cum gloria pervenit.

Dum haec ea in parte geruntur, accidit Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumMachliniaeMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium res memorabilis et horrenda. Septima enim die mensis Augusti sub horam undecimam ante mediam noctem obortus est timor quidam inter cives nullo certo auctore, adeo ut plerique clamarent illum esse extremum diem peterentque confessiones suas audiri et ad monasteria templaque passim concurrerent, cum subito orta sunt gravissima tonitrua fulminaque, adeo ut tenebras noctis fulminis claritas vinceret, nec multo post crepuit ingens turris, quae ad murum urbis erat, quondam porta, a multo autem tempore obstructa, in qua ingens vis pulveris bombardici servabatur, et ita crepuit, ut ab imis fundamentis eversa sit lapidesque eius per totam Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumurbemMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium et proximos agros eiecti magnam in ceteris domibus stragem una cum tremore, qui terrae motus videbatur, quem ingens illa pulveris bombardici vis incensa effecit, edidere. Absumpsit ea miserabilis nox supra centum homines, laesit et mutilavit ad mille, absumpsit et equos, et animalia domestica quamplura, quodque magis est, plerasque domos ab ipsis fundamentis, alias extra compagem quasi solutas reddidit, lateres, quibus coopertae erant omnes, a porta, quae in Campiniam ducit, ad templum usque Rumbold of Mechelen, Saint (†6th or 7th century AD), missionary martyred near Mechelen, patron saint of MechelenDivi RumoldiRumbold of Mechelen, Saint (†6th or 7th century AD), missionary martyred near Mechelen, patron saint of Mechelen per ingentem eam plateam effregit, vitreas fenestras omnes contrivit. In summa nec verbis, nec litteris exprimi possent, quae de infelici ea nocte referuntur, et viderentur plerisque fabulosa, quae tamen viri neutiquam vani pro veris asserunt, visa scilicet spectra per urbem, assumptas ex domibus mulieres per aerem in campos latas sine ullo suo impedimento aut nocumento, quosdam cum ipsis lectis ex una domo in aliam asportatos, pisces assos repertos in arboribus, aquam, quae in fossis Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumurbisMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium erat, ab ea parte absumptam omnem visaque esse viscera terrae, et quamplura alia, quorum multa violentiae pulveris bombardici possent imputari. In ea enim turre sive porta absumpta sunt mille octingenta vascula portatoria, quorum quodlibet centum libras pulveris bombardici electi continebat. Quantum pulveris non puto ab orbe condito in una hora periisse.

Reliquera[t] Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile ex bello Gallico reversus ibi eum pulverem volens forte eum in Spain (Hispania)HispaniasSpain (Hispania) transmittere servabaturque magna cum industria, sed adversus penetrabile illud fulmen non valuit sollertia humana. Vid[e]ri principio quibusdam poterat fraudem subesse, ut sunt omnia nunc plena malorum hominum. Ceterum facto penitiore scrutinio, compertum est vi fulminis incensum pulverem. Aiunt sane, quod et verissimum est, mulierem viduam, quae eam turrim inhabitavit, cum videret aerem triste quiddam minari magnamque corvorum vim sub noctem ab oriente hoc est itinere, quo Leuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in BelgiumLovaniumLeuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in Belgium itur, ad Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumurbemMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium advolare, sumptis secum pueris suis in aliam domum divertisse, quod se ea nocte in ea turri pernoctare non audere diceret. Idem aliis noctibus, quoties tempestatem ingruere cerneret, facere solitavi[t].

Quo quidem in gravi casu, etsi magna fuit iactura ex tam multa vi pulveris absumpta, quae ad multa milia florenorum ascendit, longe tamen maior ex subversis aut laceratis domibus fuit, adeo ut, si Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumMachliniamMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium perendie, post aliquot dies vidisses, eam sane non cognovisses. Ceterum, ut est in ea Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumurbeMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium ingens opulentia, confestim singuli ad sua reficienda intenti brevi effecere, ut pulchrio[r] propediem et amaenior quam prius urbs futura sit, quamquam non sine maximis gravissimisque impensis. Inter multa et hoc miraculi loco habitum est, quod cum in nonnullis aliis turribus similiter magna quantitas eiusdem pulveris pro harum ditionum provisione servaretur ignisque easdem circumdedisset, nihil tamen prof[e]cerit manserintque illae illaesae eo, qui Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile erat, pulvere in totum absumpto. Habes casum urbis Mechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in BelgiumMachliniaeMechelen (Malines, Mechlinia), city in the Low Countries, 23 km S of Antwerp, today in Belgium, de quo hostes nostri plurimum fuere laetati passim divulgantes divinam hanc esse iram adversus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, adversum nos, qui Evangelium (ita vocant suum impium dogma) oppugnaremus. Deo tamen gratia tantum nobis superest huiusmodi pulveris, ut illorum stolidae violentiae facile resistere possimus neque opus nobis sit accelerare ad alterius emptionem, ne uncia quidem eius, quod hac pro regione ser vatur, amissa.

Quid interea rerum in Germany (Germania, Niemcy)GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy) gestum sit quamque ingente violentia adversarii Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castilemaiestatem caesareamCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, priusquam copias suas in unum contraxisset, aggredi impetereque voluerint, qualiter item angustias montium Tyrolensium,[5] hoc est Klause, ravine in the Alps, southeastern Austria, Tyrol, next to Ehrenberg CastleClusamKlause, ravine in the Alps, southeastern Austria, Tyrol, next to Ehrenberg Castle ad Reutte, town in Tyrol, on the Lech river, S of Füssen in BavariaRieteReutte, town in Tyrol, on the Lech river, S of Füssen in Bavaria et Ehrenberg, castle in southeastern Austria, Tyrol, 3 km S of Reutte, today ruinedarcem EhrenburgEhrenberg, castle in southeastern Austria, Tyrol, 3 km S of Reutte, today ruined, ceperint, reverendissimum Otto Truchsess von Waldburg (*1514 – †1573), 1543-1573 Bishop of Augsburg, 1544 appointed cardinalcardinalem AugustensemOtto Truchsess von Waldburg (*1514 – †1573), 1543-1573 Bishop of Augsburg, 1544 appointed cardinal Füssen, town in southern Germany, Bavaria, 90 km SW of MunichFuessoFüssen, town in southern Germany, Bavaria, 90 km SW of Munich, Dillingen (Dillingen an der Donau), town in southern Germany, Bavaria, 40 km NW of AugsburgTyllingaDillingen (Dillingen an der Donau), town in southern Germany, Bavaria, 40 km NW of Augsburg pluribusque in Allgäu (Algovia), region in southern Germany, along the rivers Lech and IllerAlgowiaAllgäu (Algovia), region in southern Germany, along the rivers Lech and Iller castris spoliarint, Schloss Rain am Lech, castle in southern Germany, 40 km N of Augsburgoppidum RheniSchloss Rain am Lech, castle in southern Germany, 40 km N of Augsburg Bavaria (Bayern), duchy in southeastern Germanyditionis BavaricaeBavaria (Bayern), duchy in southeastern Germany dedente domino Konrad von Boyneburg der Ältere (von Bem(m)elberg, der kleine Hess) (*1494 – †1567), commander of the landsknechts in the service of Emperor Charles VChonrardo a BommelsbergheKonrad von Boyneburg der Ältere (von Bem(m)elberg, der kleine Hess) (*1494 – †1567), commander of the landsknechts in the service of Emperor Charles V, qui et Parvus Hessus dicitur, item Neuburg an der Donau, town in southern Germany, Bavaria, 77 kn NW of MunichNeuburgumNeuburg an der Donau, town in southern Germany, Bavaria, 77 kn NW of Munich ad Danube (Dunaj, Donau), river in central and eastern EuropeDanubiumDanube (Dunaj, Donau), river in central and eastern Europe ducis Ottheinrich of Palatinate-Neuburg (Ottheinrich von der Pfalz) (*1502 – †1559), son of Ruprecht von Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Georg von Bayern-Landshut; nephew of Ludwig V von Wittelsbach, Elector of the Rhine Palatinate; 1556 elector of PalatinateOthonis Henrici palatiniOttheinrich of Palatinate-Neuburg (Ottheinrich von der Pfalz) (*1502 – †1559), son of Ruprecht von Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Georg von Bayern-Landshut; nephew of Ludwig V von Wittelsbach, Elector of the Rhine Palatinate; 1556 elector of Palatinate praesidio munierint aliaque, quae ibidem gesta sunt omnia, quia vobis istic, quam nobis hic notiora sunt, non commemorabo, rari enim ad nos de iis rebus nuntii perveniunt obsessis itineribus per Württemberg (Wirtemberg, Virtembergia), duchy in southwestern Germany, with Stuttgart as its capitalWirtembergensem ducatumWürttemberg (Wirtemberg, Virtembergia), duchy in southwestern Germany, with Stuttgart as its capital omnibus. Tantum scimus Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York
regum Franciae, AngliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York
et nescio quorum principum aliorum legatos in utrisque castris versari, utinam bona cum intentione rerum pacandarum. Et si qui ad nos veniunt nuntii, plerumque nullas habent litteras, ut eo melius fallant in transitu, aut si quae litterae perferuntur, eae per occultos tramites deviaque itinera latae, perbreves sunt. Econtra vero, quae ab adversariis divulgantur parum cum veritate commune habentia, ea quoniam typis excuduntur, passim obtruduntur a vicinis nostris, quibus non omnibus grati sunt optimi Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile conatus iisque modis fit, ut vulgo accrescat audacia in malum et vertiginosus spiritus ad rebellionem.

Sed ne provincia Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg NetherlandsFrisiaFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands ceteraeque Lordship of Overijssel (Transysulana), domain, formed in 1528 when Charles V of Habsburg conquered the Oversticht (roughly the present-day Dutch Province of Overijssel), during the Guelderian WarsTransysulanaeLordship of Overijssel (Transysulana), domain, formed in 1528 when Charles V of Habsburg conquered the Oversticht (roughly the present-day Dutch Province of Overijssel), during the Guelderian Wars adiacentes, quibus illustris Maximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424)comes a BurenMaximiliaan van Egmond-Buren (*ca. 1500 – †1548), from 1540 Knight of the Golden Fleece, son of Floris van Egmond-Buren; Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein; 1540 member of the council of state and Governor of Frisia; 1546-1547 commander of the Habsburg Netherlandish army during the Schmalkaldic war (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 340-341; DeV, s. 43; CE, vol. 1, p. 423-424) pro Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesareCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile praeest, eo absente sine capite essent, missus est eo dominus Wynand von Breyll (†1554), 1536-1554 bailiff (landcommandeur) of the Bailiwick Biesen of the Teutonic Order, Komtur of the Lordship and Kommende of Gemert, from 1546 acting Governor of Frisia, Groningen and Overijssel ()Wynandus a BreyelWynand von Breyll (†1554), 1536-1554 bailiff (landcommandeur) of the Bailiwick Biesen of the Teutonic Order, Komtur of the Lordship and Kommende of Gemert, from 1546 acting Governor of Frisia, Groningen and Overijssel () Teutonic Order (Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum), military order founded at the end of the 12th centuryordinis militaris TeuthonicorumTeutonic Order (Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum), military order founded at the end of the 12th century commendator, provincialis in Alden Biesen, town commandry of the Teutonic Order, 14 km west of Maastricht, today in Belgium, city of Bilzen, province of Limburg. Alden Biesen was the center of the Bailiwick BiesenByesenAlden Biesen, town commandry of the Teutonic Order, 14 km west of Maastricht, today in Belgium, city of Bilzen, province of Limburg. Alden Biesen was the center of the Bailiwick Biesen prope Maastricht (Traiectum ad Mosam, Traiectum Superius), city in the Low Countries, on the Meuse river, under joint sovereignty of the prince-bishop of Liège and the duke of Brabant, 29 km N of Liège, today in the southeastern NetherlandsTraiectum MosaeMaastricht (Traiectum ad Mosam, Traiectum Superius), city in the Low Countries, on the Meuse river, under joint sovereignty of the prince-bishop of Liège and the duke of Brabant, 29 km N of Liège, today in the southeastern Netherlands, vir in militia ab ineunte aetate versatus, prudens, modestus et fidelis, qui eas provincias adversus conatus hostiles, si qui imminerent, tueretur. Fuere et in vicinis provinciis, qui Wynand von Breyll (†1554), 1536-1554 bailiff (landcommandeur) of the Bailiwick Biesen of the Teutonic Order, Komtur of the Lordship and Kommende of Gemert, from 1546 acting Governor of Frisia, Groningen and Overijssel ()illiWynand von Breyll (†1554), 1536-1554 bailiff (landcommandeur) of the Bailiwick Biesen of the Teutonic Order, Komtur of the Lordship and Kommende of Gemert, from 1546 acting Governor of Frisia, Groningen and Overijssel (), si opus essent, succurrerent: illustris Louis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)dominus a PratoLouis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176) in ditione Traiectensi, et illustris dominus Philippe de Lalaing (*1510 – †1555), nephew of Antoine de Lalaing; 1543 stadtholder of Jülich; 1544-1555 stadtholder of GueldersPhilippus de LalaingPhilippe de Lalaing (*1510 – †1555), nephew of Antoine de Lalaing; 1543 stadtholder of Jülich; 1544-1555 stadtholder of Guelders comes de Hoogstraten, county lordship in the Low Countries, 1518 elevated to the county by Charles V, today in Belgium, in the north of the province of AntwerpHoochstrateHoogstraten, county lordship in the Low Countries, 1518 elevated to the county by Charles V, today in Belgium, in the north of the province of Antwerp in Duchy of Guelders (Geldria), duchy in the Low Countries, incorporated in the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543, today part of the Netherlandsducatu GheldriaeDuchy of Guelders (Geldria), duchy in the Low Countries, incorporated in the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543, today part of the Netherlands cum aliquot turmis equitum nostratium ordinariorum et cohortibus peditum. Verum quae parari videbatur ab adversariis invasio, illa plane evanuit, ubi provisum illi provinciae, quam sine rectore fore arbitrabantur, intellexere. Porro metus potissimum fuit ab The Anabaptists (Anabaptistae), a faction of the Christian religion. They rejected the baptism of infants, requiring a conscious decision on the part of the candidate. In the 16th and 17th centuries Anabaptists were strongly persecuted by Roman Catholics as well as by Lutherans and Calvinists.anababtistisThe Anabaptists (Anabaptistae), a faction of the Christian religion. They rejected the baptism of infants, requiring a conscious decision on the part of the candidate. In the 16th and 17th centuries Anabaptists were strongly persecuted by Roman Catholics as well as by Lutherans and Calvinists. ceterisque id genus hominibus, qui huius belli occasione apertam sibi fenestram ad malefaciendum inter suos iactabant, neque se sine consciis, haud deesse in Frisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg NetherlandsFrysiaFrisia (Friesland), province in the Habsburg Netherlands Duchy of Guelders (Geldria), duchy in the Low Countries, incorporated in the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543, today part of the NetherlandsGheldriaDuchy of Guelders (Geldria), duchy in the Low Countries, incorporated in the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543, today part of the Netherlandsque non adeo diu pacatis provinciis, quibus praesentia displiceant quique alium malint rerum statum esse. Accedere commercium, quod ipsis sit cum vicinis inhabitants of East Frisia Transamasanisinhabitants of East Frisia , inhabitants of Tecklenburg Tekelenburgensibusinhabitants of Tecklenburg ceterisque hac dudum peste infectis, unde fieri non posse, quominus aliquam huius contagionis partem in se derivarint. Deinde agi de summa rerum, perseveraturi, ne sint in arce rerum viri principes, nobiles, divites, opulenti, an vero eam arcem occupaturi sint ipsi, hoc est egeni, inopes, vagi, desperati. Id enim agi per lantgravium, id agi per confoederatas ipsi urbes, ut exstincta nobilitate, deleta memoria abbatum, praelatorum, episcoporum, procul pulsis iis, qui ingenio industriaque et fidelitate sibi rem et nomen comparavere, succedant in illorum locum subulci et cerdones, monachi apostatae et sacerdotes impuri, tum foeneratorum et quadruplatorum vilissimi. Nec temere sparsum per Germany (Germania, Niemcy)GermaniamGermany (Germania, Niemcy) rumorem, habere lantgravium parata quaedam vexilla, quae si quando explicentur, fore, ut ad eum generalis fiat accessio et concursus inferiorum ordinum omnium. Quibus sceleratissimorum hominum conceptibus vanaeque spei, verisimile est Jan Łaski (Ioannes de Lasco) (*1456 – †1531), 1503-1513 Grand Chancellor of the Kingdom of Poland, 1510-1531 Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland (PSB 18, p. 229-237 ; TAFIŁOWSKI 2007)Ioannem a LaskoJan Łaski (Ioannes de Lasco) (*1456 – †1531), 1503-1513 Grand Chancellor of the Kingdom of Poland, 1510-1531 Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland (PSB 18, p. 229-237 ; TAFIŁOWSKI 2007), David Joris (Jorisz, J(o)oriszoon) (*ca. 1501 – †1556), Anabaptist leader in the Low CountriesDavidem GeorgiiDavid Joris (Jorisz, J(o)oriszoon) (*ca. 1501 – †1556), Anabaptist leader in the Low Countries, Menno Simons (*1496 – †1561)Mennonem SymonisMenno Simons (*1496 – †1561), tum, ut in ea factione quisque sceleratior est, stimulos addidisse hoc est oleum camino infudisse. Fuere tamen ea hactenus nobis innocua neque quisquam sese commovit. Qualis porro sit exitus rei futurus, in manu Dei est Omnipotentis, nam humano discursu haud quaquam ea assequi possumus.

Et haec quidem de publicis. Enimvero privatis rebus meis magno fuit incommodo mors Johann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de BrugesgeneriJohann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de Bruges mei, hoc est mariti Catharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316)KatharinaeCatharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316) filiae Elisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)uxorisElisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215) meae. Johann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de BrugesIlleJohann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de Bruges enim praeterquam quod in flore aetatis obiens relicta unica tantum prole magnum sui desiderium consorti reliquit, nobis etiam hoc addidit oneris, quod Catharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316)uxoremCatharina Laurijn (†1556), the youngest child of Elisabeth Donche and Pieter Laurijn, wife of Johann le Gros, alderman of the Brugse Vrije (Franc of Bruges) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 316) sobolemque suam curae nostrae quasi iterum reddiderit. Sed ferenda haec sunt omnia. Fuit certe praep<r>opera illius mors, multis luctuosa, quibus in eo plurimum era[t] praesidii, praesertim vero Citizens of Veere VeriensibusCitizens of Veere in Zeeland (Zealand, Selandia), county in the Low Countries, belonging to the Habsburg Netherlands, with Middleburg as its capital. It covers the islands in the estuary of the Schelde (Scheldt) and Maas (Meuse) rivers, today a province of the NetherlandsZelandiaZeeland (Zealand, Selandia), county in the Low Countries, belonging to the Habsburg Netherlands, with Middleburg as its capital. It covers the islands in the estuary of the Schelde (Scheldt) and Maas (Meuse) rivers, today a province of the Netherlands, apud quos maiores ipsius atque ipse cumprimis semper fuere gratiosi, utpote a quibus in rebus difficilibus non ipsi tantum, verum maior Insulanorum pars adiuti, protecti defensique fuere. Nec minus Johann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de BrugesilliusJohann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de Bruges morte doluit illustris Maximiliaan of Burgundy (*1514 – †1558), son of Adolf of Burgundy and Anna of Bergen; married in 1542 to Louise de Croÿ, daughter of Philippe II de Croÿ, Duke of Aarschot; Marquis of Veere and Lord of Beveren, 1540 Admiral of the Habsburg Netherlands (succeeded his deceased father, 1547-1558 Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrechtdominus a BeverisMaximiliaan of Burgundy (*1514 – †1558), son of Adolf of Burgundy and Anna of Bergen; married in 1542 to Louise de Croÿ, daughter of Philippe II de Croÿ, Duke of Aarschot; Marquis of Veere and Lord of Beveren, 1540 Admiral of the Habsburg Netherlands (succeeded his deceased father, 1547-1558 Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht, ut qui in illius humeros sarcinam rerum suarum omnium iniecisset. Tantum erat in Johann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de BrugesiuveneJohann le Gros Alderman of the Franc de Bruges ingenii et dexteritatis tantum. Utinam privata ea sola sit mea et meorum calamitas, eamque Deus a republica avertat.

Quod aliud scribendum occurrat, non adest, nam haeremus omnes exspectatione exitus huius belli, cuius pars non dubito, quin et vos istic continget. Utcumque res cadent, nulla nos publica privatave calamitas ab invicem separabit animis.

Dominus Deus Reverendissimam Dominationem Vestram conservet cum suis omnibus.

Eiusdem Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae humilis inservitor et filius Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)Cornelius ScepperusCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)

Postscript No. 1:

Gemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon) (*1508 – †1555), Netherlandish leading theoretical mathematician and practicing physician in Louvain, scholar, and tutor of Gerardus Mercator, studied medicine, mathematics and astronomy at the University in Louvain (1526), where he became a professor of medicine and mathematics, he applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making (HALLYN; VAN ORTROY)Gemma FrysiusGemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon) (*1508 – †1555), Netherlandish leading theoretical mathematician and practicing physician in Louvain, scholar, and tutor of Gerardus Mercator, studied medicine, mathematics and astronomy at the University in Louvain (1526), where he became a professor of medicine and mathematics, he applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making (HALLYN; VAN ORTROY) olim tuus in medicum evasit insignem nec deerit fortuna homini candido et bonae opinionis. Gemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon) (*1508 – †1555), Netherlandish leading theoretical mathematician and practicing physician in Louvain, scholar, and tutor of Gerardus Mercator, studied medicine, mathematics and astronomy at the University in Louvain (1526), where he became a professor of medicine and mathematics, he applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making (HALLYN; VAN ORTROY)IsGemma Frisius (Jemme Reinerszoon) (*1508 – †1555), Netherlandish leading theoretical mathematician and practicing physician in Louvain, scholar, and tutor of Gerardus Mercator, studied medicine, mathematics and astronomy at the University in Louvain (1526), where he became a professor of medicine and mathematics, he applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making (HALLYN; VAN ORTROY) adhuc agit Leuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in BelgiumLovaniiLeuven (Louvain, Lovanium), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, 25 km E of Brussels, University town from 1425, today in Belgium cum uxore et prolibus, sed subinde evocatur a magnatibus, immo et superiore anno a Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesareCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile.

Postscript No. 2:

Cum haec scribo, mira ad nos afferuntur de Citizens of Bremen BremensiumCitizens of Bremen et Citizens of Hamburg HamburgensiumCitizens of Hamburg adversus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castilecaesaream maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile odio. Bonis illis Citizens of Bremen

Citizens of Hamburg
virisCitizens of Bremen

Citizens of Hamburg
cuperem meliorem esse mentem, nam per Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of CastilecaesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile et libertatibus, et privilegiis non confirmati solum, sed et aucti sunt. Quare litterae istae diutius apud me exspectatione haesere, quas tamen, ubi advenerint, gratas futuras scio. Elisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215)UxorElisabeth Donche (Anna Isabella Donche, Isabeau) (†1549), from 1528 wife of Cornelis De Schepper, mother of Cornelis Jr and Anne, sister of Joanna Donche (AT 16/1, p. 215), Anne De Schepper (*1529-1532 – †1619), daughter of Cornelis De Schepper (DONCHE, p. 340-346)

Cornelis De Schepper Jr (*1532 – †1582 or 1583), son of Cornelis De Schepper (DE VOCHT 1961, 316, 403-404; DONCHE, p. 310, 346-349)
liberiAnne De Schepper (*1529-1532 – †1619), daughter of Cornelis De Schepper (DONCHE, p. 340-346)

Cornelis De Schepper Jr (*1532 – †1582 or 1583), son of Cornelis De Schepper (DE VOCHT 1961, 316, 403-404; DONCHE, p. 310, 346-349)
et familia sese Reverendissimae Dominationi Vestrae de meliore nota commendant et eidem felicia omnia apprecantur.