Dem durchlauchten, hochgeboren fursten und hern, / hern Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 to his death Duke in Prussia as a liegeman of the Polish king; son of Friedrich V of Brandenburg der Ältere and Sophia Jagiellon (daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon), nephew of Sigismund I, King of Poland; founder of the university in Königsberg (1544)⌊AlbrechtenAlbrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach (Albrecht von Brandenburg) (*1490 – †1568), 1511-1525 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order; from 1525 to his death Duke in Prussia as a liegeman of the Polish king; son of Friedrich V of Brandenburg der Ältere and Sophia Jagiellon (daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon), nephew of Sigismund I, King of Poland; founder of the university in Königsberg (1544)⌋, mar[graffen] zu Brandenburg⌊BrandenburgBrandenburg⌋ etc. ... in Prussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌊PreussennPrussia, region in central Europe, bordered by Pomerania, Poland, Lithuania and Livonia. From 1466 Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland, and Teutonic Prussia (Prussia Ordinis Theutonici) – covering the remnants of the former territory of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. In 1525, the Order’s last Grand Master, Albrecht von Hohenzollern, converted to Lutheranism and became the first lay duke in former Teutonic Prussia (dux in Prussia), which from then on was called Ducal Prussia (Prussia Ducalis). At that time, as a result of the treaty of Cracow, Ducal Prussia became a fief of the kings of Poland⌋ etc. [unsern] hochgunstigennn, liebenn, freuntlichen hernn und frunde etc.

zu eigener hanth

Durchlauchter, hochgebornerr furst, / hochgunstiger, fruntlicher, lieber herr und freundt. / Meyne gancz willige, fruntliche dienst / und was ich sunst zu ehren unnd nucz Ewer Irbarkeit vormag, zuvorann. /

Mir ist gesternn Ewer Irbarkeit cf. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach to Ioannes DANTISCUS Königsberg, 1534-03-14, CIDTC IDL 1129⌊schreibenncf. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach to Ioannes DANTISCUS Königsberg, 1534-03-14, CIDTC IDL 1129⌋ eigener hant / mit dem andrenn cf. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach to Ioannes DANTISCUS Königsberg, 1534-03-15, CIDTC IDL 4870⌊brivecf. Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach to Ioannes DANTISCUS Königsberg, 1534-03-15, CIDTC IDL 4870⌋, die drey pauren betreffend und an den amptman zu der Eyle, / gewordenn, / dar innen sich Ewer Irbarkeit (das nicht von nötenn gewest) entschuldigt, worummb uff meynn cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach Löbau (Lubawa), 1534-03-11, CIDTC IDL 5401⌊schreibennncf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach Löbau (Lubawa), 1534-03-11, CIDTC IDL 5401⌋, negst eigenerhant, / Ewer Irbarkeit bisher nicht heth geantwurt, / ouch worummb so lange vorczogenn. / Was aber das ist, / das Ewer Irbarkeit vortrauter weis, / mich belangend, / geschribenn / und das Ewer Irbarkeit hern Achatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌊CzemennAchatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌋ mitgeteilt, / so er mir do von noch mit schrifftenn oder muntlicher botschafft nichts hot lossen wissenn, / kan ich nicht gruntlich wissen, / was das sein mues. Allein das ich mich losse beduncken, / das es dovonn sey, / wie ich bey Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊koniglicher maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋, unserm alergenedigsten hern und meyner genedigsten frawen der Bona Sforza (*1494 – †1557), Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania (1518-1557); the second wife of Sigismund I Jagiellon; Duchess of Bari and Rossano; daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and Isabella of Aragon⌊koniginBona Sforza (*1494 – †1557), Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania (1518-1557); the second wife of Sigismund I Jagiellon; Duchess of Bari and Rossano; daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and Isabella of Aragon⌋ vormacht bin / und so mit grosser unworheit / durch gifftigenn neit / angetragenn, / do gegen ich mit Gote und der warheit ein bulwerk gebawet, / das, / wie ich hoff, / meine feinde wirt abhaltenn / und die selbtige an tag geben. / Ists aber was anders, / bitt ich mit hohem fleis, Ewer Irbarkeit wolt michs ouch vortrauter weis lossenn wissen. / Es sol / uff guttn gloubenn / nicht vonn mir komenn. /

Der her Achatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌊ZcemeAchatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌋ ist negsten von der Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, on the Vilnia river, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌊WildenVilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, on the Vilnia river, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌋ heim geczogenn. / Ist bey mir nicht gewest, / idoch mir cf. Achatius von ZEHMEN (CEMA) to Ioannes DANTISCUS Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1534-03-13, CIDTC IDL 4466⌊geschribencf. Achatius von ZEHMEN (CEMA) to Ioannes DANTISCUS Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1534-03-13, CIDTC IDL 4466⌋ unnd alle abfertigung / mit andrenn brivenn von hove mir zugeschickt. / Das er aber noch im ausczoge oder widerkomenn bey Ewer Irbarkeit nicht gewest, / wil ich in hiemit entschuldigt habenn, / das er von Stanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌊KostkenStanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌋ wegenn, / der im fast gedreut, / sein rese hot must heimlich haltenn, / ouch do mit gedochter Kostke mit seinemm bosen anhange nicht ursach nemenn, / so er villicht bey Ewer Irbarkeit gewest, / Royal Prussian Estates ⌊land und stetRoyal Prussian Estates ⌋, / und nemlich in selbst, / hefftiger anzugebenn / und mit gruntloser ertichtung, / wie sie mir gethan, / zuvormachenn.

Ich wil Ewer Irbarkeit nicht bergenn, / das her Achatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌊CzemeAchatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌋ in seynemm erstnn ankomenn gen der Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, on the Vilnia river, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌊WildennVilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, on the Vilnia river, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌋ / mit seinemm collega nicht fast lieblich ist angesehen wordenn, / so heslich und sverlich sein die Royal Prussian Estates ⌊hern land und stetRoyal Prussian Estates ⌋ / unnd nemlich ich und her Czeme / durch unsere feinde mit aller unworheit angetragenn. / Ins endt aber, / so wir uns zu recht erbottenn, / ouch gebetenn Stanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌊KostkennStanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌋ mit uns vor Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊koniglicher maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ ein tag zu legenn, / ist aller handel linder geworden. / Es ist ouch nymant gewest, / uff hern Achatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌊CzemeAchatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌋ beger, / der vor Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊koniglicher maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ het dorfft vortretenn und sein felslich angebenn, bekennenn, / oder uffentlich uns der gleichen was schuld gebenn. / Derhalben / ist al disse sache ins Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌊landRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌋ uff die negste Provincial Diet of Royal Prussia ⌊tagfartProvincial Diet of Royal Prussia ⌋ sancti Stanislai gen Graudenz (Grudziądz, Graudentium), city in Poland, Voivodeship of Pomerania, on the upper east bank of the Vistula, Graudenz (taking turns with Marienburg (Malbork)) was the venue for the Provincial Diet of Royal Prussia, which were chaired by the bishop of Ermland (Warmia)⌊GraudenczGraudenz (Grudziądz, Graudentium), city in Poland, Voivodeship of Pomerania, on the upper east bank of the Vistula, Graudenz (taking turns with Marienburg (Malbork)) was the venue for the Provincial Diet of Royal Prussia, which were chaired by the bishop of Ermland (Warmia)⌋ verschobenn, / do sol Stanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌊KostkeStanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌋ betlicher weis uns versunenn. / So wir aber daran keinenn benugenn hettenn, / wil uns Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊konigliche maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ in der Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌊KronnPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌋, / wan ir maiestet do hinn mit gesuntheit, / das Got gebe, / gelanget, / einen rechts tag mit Stanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌊KostkenStanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌋ seczen. / Sunst sein des meisten teils sachenn durch hernn Achatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌊CzemennAchatius von Zehmen (Achacy Cema) (*ca. 1485 – †1565), 1517-1531 Chamberlain of Pomerania, 1531-1546 Castellan of Gdańsk (Danzig), 1545-1546 Voivode of Kulm (Chełmno), 1546-1565 Voivode of Marienburg (Malbork) (SBPN 1, p. 194-195; ORACKI 1984, p. 38-39; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 198; PSB 4, p. 325-326)⌋ / noch unsermm willen ausgericht. / Vorstehe nichts von der botschafft, die an Ewer Irbarkeit solde komenn. / Es ist zu der Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, on the Vilnia river, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌊Wild[en]Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna), city in Lithuania, on the Vilnia river, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania⌋ das wort gangenn, / das die Citizens of Livonia ⌊LifflenderCitizens of Livonia ⌋ mit hundert pferden etliche botschaffter solten an Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊konigliche maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ schicken. / Kan ouch nicht wissen aus was ursachenn.

Was belangt die Pfalz (Palatinatus Rheni)⌊PfalczPfalz (Palatinatus Rheni)⌋ und den frumenn etc., hot Ewer Irbarkeit wol gethon zuerkundenn, wie es ummb in ein gestalt habe. / So Ewer Irbarkeit wirt was gewisses habenn, / wil ich mich an Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊romische maiestetFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ hoff wol wissen dar in zu schicken. / Der ander vorslag aus der Marken, mocht er ein vorgang gewynnenn. / Wer Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌊dissen landennnRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌋ fueglicher. / Es wirt ouch, / wie ich mich vorsehe, Ewer Irbarkeit / nicht kleinenn wolgefallenn hirinnen Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊koniglicher maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ thun, / so der sachenn Ewer Irbarkeit ein anfang gebe. / Es wer beyden teilenn erlich und wol gelegen.

Des holczes halbnn danck ich Ewer Irbarkeit und werd hochlicher danckenn, / so sich Ewer Irbarkeit amptmann / guttlich wirt lossen findenn. / Ich weis, Ewer Irbarkeit ist den kirchn so feind nicht, / dar innenn nicht abgötter angebeth, sunder das lauter wort Gots, / das ich elender in sunden mensch ouch gern hore, / gepredigt wirt, / dar zu ich solch holcz uff meine kosten bedarff. / Ewer Irbarkeit wirt befhelen, / das mugliche vorgenugung, / so es anders nicht sein wil, / von mir genomenn werde, / wo mit mich aber Ewer Irbarkeit mher dan zuvor verphllicht wirt sich machen. etc.

Was belangt das Imperial Chamber Court (Iudicium Camerae Imperialis, Sąd Kameralny Rzeszy, Reichskammergericht), one of two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1495 at the Imperial Diet of Worms (the other one being the Aulic Council - Reichshofrat)⌊camergerichtImperial Chamber Court (Iudicium Camerae Imperialis, Sąd Kameralny Rzeszy, Reichskammergericht), one of two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1495 at the Imperial Diet of Worms (the other one being the Aulic Council - Reichshofrat)⌋, / bin ich noch in der meynung, wie ich negst zu Riesenburg (Prabuty), town in northern Poland, Pomerania, 44 km NE of Graudenz⌊ResenburgRiesenburg (Prabuty), town in northern Poland, Pomerania, 44 km NE of Graudenz⌋ mit Ewer Irbarkeit geredt, / ist meins bedunks nicht so hart zu befarenn. In gutter hutte mit vor rodt zu siczenn, / wie Ewer Irbarkeit thut, / ist nicht zu mislobenn. / Wer ist, der dem Imperial Chamber Court (Iudicium Camerae Imperialis, Sąd Kameralny Rzeszy, Reichskammergericht), one of two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1495 at the Imperial Diet of Worms (the other one being the Aulic Council - Reichshofrat)⌊camergerichtImperial Chamber Court (Iudicium Camerae Imperialis, Sąd Kameralny Rzeszy, Reichskammergericht), one of two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1495 at the Imperial Diet of Worms (the other one being the Aulic Council - Reichshofrat)⌋ aus Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊deuczen landenGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ die execucion thun wil? / Der von Walther von Cronberg (*1479 – †1543), 1526 German Master of the Teutonic Order; 1527 - Grand Master (as a successor of Albrecht von Hohenzollern)⌊CronenbergWalther von Cronberg (*1479 – †1543), 1526 German Master of the Teutonic Order; 1527 - Grand Master (as a successor of Albrecht von Hohenzollern)⌋ bedorfft mher darzu. / Ewer Irbarkeit weis wol, / do es ir selbst vonn nöthen tath / und das zuvor heth, / das iczt darwider Ewer Irbarkeit hoth, / wie vil ausgericht wart, / Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊konigliche maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ / und die Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌊KronPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌋, / dar neben wir alle, / die es so wol alse Ewer Irbarkeit an geth, / werden Ewer Irbarkeit nicht lossenn. / Mein roth, den Ewer Irbarkeit hirinnenn begert, / so weit mein slechter vorstand sich streckt, / ist, / Ewer Irbarkeit halde Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊konigliche maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ an, / so sich der mossenn was begebe, / oder dergleichen was erfaren wurd, / das aus Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊deuczn landenGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ was wurd vorgenomenn, / das ir maiestet bey czeiten darzuthet, / uns ouch Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌊hie im landRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌋ befhele, / das wir in gereitschafft werenn. / Es ist aus Royal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌊deuczen landenRoyal Prussia (Prussia Regalis), region, part of Prussia annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1466 under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn⌋, / wie Ewer Irbarkeit weis, / nicht so herein zu fligenn. / Es mustenn erst vil fedren fallen etc. Was ich vor mich derhalbenn / bey Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊koniglicher maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋, / in der Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌊KronPoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌋ / und bey den Royal Prussian Estates ⌊hern hie land und stethRoyal Prussian Estates ⌋ Ewer Irbarkeit zu nucz und ehrenn werd wissenn vorzuwendenn, sol an meynemm fleis und treuhercziger furderung nichts abghenn. / Ewer Irbarkeit sey wol beherczt und habe irer The Prussians ⌊underthannThe Prussians ⌋ lieb / und forchte sich der wandelbarenn und uneynigenn anslegenn aus Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊deuczenn landennGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ gancz wenig. / Der in Got vortraut, wirt nummer verlossenn. / Dem hab ich ouch al mein anligenn befholenn, / do von vil zu schreiben, / wil aber aus der feder nicht. Disse czeit mues ich lossen uber ghenn. / Ich hoffe dennoch, / so die worheit under demm sne her vor komet, / die zceit sol ouch besser werden.

Von newenn zceitungen / weis ich dis mol nichts besunders. / Es ist Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊koniglicher maiestetSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ kamerer spigel widerkomenn aus dem The Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌊NiderlandThe Low Countries (Netherlands), region around the delta of the Rhine, Schelde (Scheldt), and Meuse rivers, includes modern Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany⌋ vonn Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊konige MariennMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋, / welche sverlich krank ist gewest etlich monat lang, / ouch das nicht ein mol am leben geczweifelt ist worden / und hot mir etliche brive vom botschaffter des Francesco II Sforza (*1495 – †1535), 1521-1535 the last Duke of Milan from the Sforza family; son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este⌊herczogenn vonn MeylantFrancesco II Sforza (*1495 – †1535), 1521-1535 the last Duke of Milan from the Sforza family; son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este⌋ brocht, / welcher seynemm hernn, dem herczogenn, / mit dem hern Louis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌊Luduigen von PratLouis of Flanders Lord of Praet (a Prato, de Prato, Lodewijk van Praet, Pratensis, Ludovicus a Flandria, Louis de Flandres Seigneur de Praet, Cat(h)o) (*1488 – †1555), diplomat and politician in the service of the Habsburgs, friend and patron of many scholars and writers, admirer of Erasmus of Rotterdam; 1515-1522 High-Bailiff of the city of Ghent, 1523-1549 - of Bruges, 1517 member of the Privy Council of Charles V, 1522-1525 resident ambassador in England, 1525 ambassador at the court of the regent of France, Louise of Savoy, 1530 Chamberlain to the Emperor, 1536 member of the Council of State (as a close adviser to Regent Mary of Hungary); 1540 head of the Finance Council; 1544 Governor of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (CE, vol. 2, p. 41-42; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 38-39; DBE, vol. 20, p. 174-176)⌋ sol Christian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌊konig CristiernsChristian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌋ eldeste probably Dorothea of Denmark (*1520 – †1580), Electress Palatine; wife of Elector Palatine Friedrich II, daughter of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway and Isabella of Austria⌊tochterprobably Dorothea of Denmark (*1520 – †1580), Electress Palatine; wife of Elector Palatine Friedrich II, daughter of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway and Isabella of Austria⌋ zu bringenn. / Schreibt, der Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊konig von EngellandtHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ mit dem Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici) (*1478 – †1534), 1523-1534 Pope⌊babstClement VII (Giulio de' Medici) (*1478 – †1534), 1523-1534 Pope⌋ uneinst sey / und vorharre in seiner unczimlichen heirat, / Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊kayserliche maiestetCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ habe aber newe lande und insuln gefunden mit vil geldes / unnd das die aus Kingdom of Aragon (Aragonia), region in northeastern Spain, until 1479 the Kingdom of Aragon⌊ArragonKingdom of Aragon (Aragonia), region in northeastern Spain, until 1479 the Kingdom of Aragon⌋ kayserlichr maiestet habenn negst geben uber sechs mol hundert tausent ducaten, / das es in Italy (Italia)⌊ItalienItaly (Italia)⌋ stil sey. / Die Mary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌊konigin MariaMary of Hungary (Mary of Austria, Mary of Habsburg) (*1505 – †1558), 1521-1526 Queen of Hungary, 1522-1526 Queen of Bohemia, 1530-1556 Governess of the Habsburg Netherlands on behalf of her brother, Charles V; daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile, sister of Emperor Charles V, wife of Louis II Jagiellon⌋ habe ire botschaffter geschickt an die hense stet. / Christoph von Württemberg (*1515 – †1568), 1550-1568 Duke of Württemberg; son of Ulrich Duke of Württemberg, and Sabina Duchess of Bavaria (NDB, Bd. 3, p. 248-249)⌊Herczog Cristoff von WirtenbergChristoph von Württemberg (*1515 – †1568), 1550-1568 Duke of Württemberg; son of Ulrich Duke of Württemberg, and Sabina Duchess of Bavaria (NDB, Bd. 3, p. 248-249)⌋ hab wenig zu Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugsburgAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ aus gericht / und der nobility of Württemberg ⌊adel im wirtenbergschennobility of Württemberg ⌋ werd im fast abzogen unnd abgekofft etc. Von Hamburg (Hamburgum), city in northern Germany on the mouth of the Elbe river, member of the Hanseatic League⌊HamburgHamburg (Hamburgum), city in northern Germany on the mouth of the Elbe river, member of the Hanseatic League⌋ hore ich nichts. / Was mir sunst wirt zukomenn, wil ich Ewer Irbarkeit nicht vorhalten. /

Im andren cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach Löbau (Lubawa), 1534-03-18, CIDTC IDL 5403⌊brivecf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Albrecht I von Hohenzollern-Ansbach Löbau (Lubawa), 1534-03-18, CIDTC IDL 5403⌋ hab ich lossen Ewer Irbarkeit schreiben meiner armen leut gebrechenn, / bittend, / wolde lossennn die supplicacion ubersehenn, / die Ewer Irbarkeit camermeister mit sich von mir nhamm, / allein zu wissenn, wie solche klegliche sachen ein gestalt habenn. / Ich wil mich gernn in allem nach meynemm hochsten vormugenn Ewer Irbarkeit vorhaltenn, / der gleichen ich meynenn amptleuten auch befholen. / Wor inne ich derselbigen ummer werd wissen fruntlich zu dinenn, / wil ich unvordrossenn und fleissig gefunden werdenn, bittend Ewer Irbarkeit wolt mein freuntlicher liber her und hochgunstiger freundt sein und bleibenn. Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌊Ihesus ChristusJesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ), in Christianity the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament⌋, der were seligmecher, mach uns alle selig / und gebe Ewer Irbarkeit in glukseliger regirung und langweriger gesuntheit / seine göttliche ewige gnad / und thu mich mit disser eylenden beser schrifft Ewer Irbarkeit befhelen, / der schrifft ich bas dan die meyne lesenn kan. /

Datum Löbau (Lubawa, Lubavia), town in northern Poland, Kulm Land (Ziemia Chełmińska), ca. 67 km E of Graudenz (Grudziądz), the main seat of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno)⌊LobauLöbau (Lubawa, Lubavia), town in northern Poland, Kulm Land (Ziemia Chełmińska), ca. 67 km E of Graudenz (Grudziądz), the main seat of the bishops of Kulm (Chełmno)⌋, XVIII Martii anno domini XV-C und im XXXIIII.

Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊IohannesIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋, bischoff zu Kulm diocese (Chełmno diocese)⌊CulmennKulm diocese (Chełmno diocese)⌋ etc. scripsit.