Salutem.

Non erat anxia et exquisita excusatione opus dilati in tempus responsi ad meas litteras, optime ac humanissime Dantisce et patrone mi! Omitto enim in epistola praesertim magnifica ista cognomina dignitatis tuae, quibus ut ornatus merito es ita haudquaquam te gaudere certo scio. Satis enim sciebam non modo multis, verum etiam magnis occupationum turbis obrui te magis quam teneri. Illo unice gavisus, quod et litterae tuae declarant et res ipsae testantur, veterem tuum in me amorem nulla ex parte factum, sic enim scribis, esse remissiorem, cuius amicitia si carerem, ambienda erat modis omnibus. Quis enim non talis tantique viri gaudeat vel potius non superbiat ac sese efferat consuetudine nedum amicitia?

Quod carminis Latini in me nescio quam elegantiam et facilitatem laudas, facis tu quidem non tam pro more aliquo tuo qui aliunde tibi irrepserit, sed prorsus pro naturae tuae benignitate summa. Qua etiam his tua sponte cedis, quos relinquere post te longo intervallo poteras, cum cf. Mart. 8.18.9-10 amicus, qui velit ingenio cedere, rarus erit ⌊sint tam pauci, ut ille ait, qui velint ingenio cederecf. Mart. 8.18.9-10 amicus, qui velit ingenio cedere, rarus erit ⌋. Quid enim cf. De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana Ioannes Dantiscus Alphonso Valdesio [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 181;
De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana Ad Lectorem [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 182;
De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana De Lucretia barbara [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 183;
De duabus Lucretiis In Lucretiam Romanam sese interficientem [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 162;
De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana [Responsio a Ioanne Dantisco ad epigramma Stephani Comitis data] [1531-01 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 184⌊carmine tuo de duabus Lucretiiscf. De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana Ioannes Dantiscus Alphonso Valdesio [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 181;
De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana Ad Lectorem [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 182;
De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana De Lucretia barbara [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 183;
De duabus Lucretiis In Lucretiam Romanam sese interficientem [1530-10 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 162;
De duabus Lucretiis, barbara et Romana [Responsio a Ioanne Dantisco ad epigramma Stephani Comitis data] [1531-01 — 1531-03], CIDTC IDP 184⌋ elegantius, quod ideo facile patior te vocare nugas, quod sciam ita solere te amanter mecum atque etiam de te ipso nugari nonnumquam; quae si istae tibi nugae sunt, quaenam seria durent? Sed quid ago? Novi ego te, nosti et tu Eobanum; ego te virum, nihil dicam maius, tam litteris quam dignitatibus ornatissimum, tu me in altero horum nihil, in altero parum omnino praestantem. Quod si tu hoc aliquid esse putas poetari nonnihil posse et carmen plerumque non omnino infeliciter absolvere, felicem me, qui te talem virum in talibus rebus laudatorem invenerim; notum est illud de Naeviano Hector ⌊HectoreHector ⌋. Itaque contentus ego iudicio tuo in tacito interim sinu gaudeo, nihil omnino curans, quid porro alii de me sentiant quantumvis garruli, cum sciam et sua risisse saecula Maeonides ⌊MaeonidenMaeonides ⌋. Non quoniam ego non rideri me dignum existimem, sed quia naturae quodam nescio vitio ne an bono semper solitus sim contemnere gloriosos istos logodaedalos et, ne dicam verius, σπερμολόγους, quantumvis etiam Catullientes ac etiam, si dis placet, Catullos. Sed de his satis.

Mitto, sicuti iubebas, ad te poemata quaedam mea, inter quae et illud, quod mandaveras Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaeAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ fieri tibi epicedion in Mercurino Arborio di Gattinara (*1465 – †1530), humanist, jurist, trusted and influential advisor to Charles V; 1501 entered the service of the Habsburgs as legal counsel to Duchess Margaret of Austria, 1504 advisor and President of the Privy Council of Margaret of Austria, after the governoship of the Netherlands was entrusted to her, 1518 Grand Chancellor of Castile and later of Charles V as Roman Emperor, 1529 Cardinal of St. Giovanni a Porta Latina (after the death of his wife, Andreetta Avogadro) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 12; CE, vol. 2, p. 76-80)⌊MercurinumMercurino Arborio di Gattinara (*1465 – †1530), humanist, jurist, trusted and influential advisor to Charles V; 1501 entered the service of the Habsburgs as legal counsel to Duchess Margaret of Austria, 1504 advisor and President of the Privy Council of Margaret of Austria, after the governoship of the Netherlands was entrusted to her, 1518 Grand Chancellor of Castile and later of Charles V as Roman Emperor, 1529 Cardinal of St. Giovanni a Porta Latina (after the death of his wife, Andreetta Avogadro) (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 12; CE, vol. 2, p. 76-80)⌋, ut videas non oblitum me nec mandati tui nec mei promissi. Maturius autem et ipse tibi respondissem et misissem hos libellos, si a prelo statim mihi fuissent parata. Nam forte ita accidit, ut id temporis quo maxime tibi fuit respondendum excuderentur apud typographos et non oportebat me tantum epistula tibi satisfacere, neque enim hoc fuisset factum satis; cum iuberes, vel potius pro tua modestia rogares, uti aliquid meorum ad te mitterem. Nihil vero erat ad manum aliud, quod mitterem. Sic enim statim distrahuntur quaecumque hic edo; edo autem semper aliquid, otii omnino, ut et tu scribis, impatiens, quod plerumque tamen male colloco et non minus honestis sodalitatibus, quam litteris impendo.

Mittam vero deinceps plura tibi, dummodo sciam, ubinam gentium agas. Hactenus enim non satis sciebam, secutusne esses in The Belgians ⌊BelgasThe Belgians ⌋ Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, an ad clarissimum tuum Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊regemSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ redisses. Hoc postquam ex tuis litteris intellexi esse scilicet te apud Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, iam dabo operam, ut nihil officiorum a me desideres, quandoquidem huiuscemodi officiis gaudes et amas etiam plus negotiorum tibi ex meis ineptiis accrescere. Nam quod superioribus litteris, quas Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustamAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ ad te dederam, humanitatem tuam commendavi, id et vere, et tuo merito feci, et scribebam tum non magis, quid ego, quam etiam quid alii de te praedicarent. Atque id quoniam in epistola et semel factum mihi nequaquam satis videtur factum, dabo propediem operam, ut et orbis intelligat, non falso me tuam humanitatem alicubi commendasse.

De Theocritus (†3rd century BC), ancient Greek bucolic poet⌊TheocritoTheocritus (†3rd century BC), ancient Greek bucolic poet⌋ meo, qui ex his nundinis exit, tibi inscribendo, ut Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaeAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ receperam, magna de causa non est factum, et erat non satis dignum operae pretium nec sufficiebat unius non admodum magni libri inscriptio ad tua in me beneficia ulla ex parte compensanda. Tu velim mihi significes, (nam Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaeAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ quidem perplexe loquebaris) gaudeas ne et libros tibi inscribi. Multa mihi nunc sunt in manibus. Homer aoidos, in the classical tradition the author of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey"; the greatest ancient Greek epic poet⌊HomerusHomer aoidos, in the classical tradition the author of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey"; the greatest ancient Greek epic poet⌋ integer a me vertitur. Silvarum libros septem parturio. Heroidas Christianas locupletatas nuper et repastinatas brevi denuo sum editurus; alia minora taceo, quae alia sub alia adnascuntur in dies. Quamquam, ut dixi, mihi non erit satis librorum te inscriptionibus honorasse, nisi et ipso te, hoc est nomine tuo, libros implevero. Significabis tamen, si tibi videtur, an horum, quae dixi, aliquod, et quod inscribi tibi velis. Admodum enim metuo, ne vel ingratus videar vel pro tuis in me summis beneficiis paria non faciam.

Venio ad eam partem litterarum tuarum, in qua scribis versari me in tragoedia hac non admodum ex usu meo. O mi Dantisce, sentio et intellego satis, quam dicas tragoediam, sed quis me liberabit ex hac tragoedia? Quis ex tragoedo comoedum me faciet? Obsequendum est, uti vides, hisce et temporibus et moribus, in quae quoniam et ego incidi, necesse est et me velut Ixion ⌊IxionisIxion ⌋ rotae alligatum verti circumverti rapique ac volutari, quocumque fert impetus haec omnia moderantis fati. Verum haec ad te quidem, nam super huiuscemodi rebus v[o]ces hic nequaquam sunt liberae.

Amicus ille, qui te salutari iusserat meis litteris et cuius tibi nomen excidit, est Ulrich Pinder Jr (Udalrichus Pindarus, Ulrich Binder) (†after 1531), 1517–1526 studied low in Wittenberg, 1527 was in Spain (when met Dantiscus) and Paris; since 1531 counsellor in Nürnberg; son of Ulrich Pinder (†1510-1519) physician, editor and printer, author of among the other Speculum passionis domini nostri Jhesu Christi and Speculum intellectuale felicitais humanae (ADB, vol. 26, p. 149–150)⌊Udalrichus PindarusUlrich Pinder Jr (Udalrichus Pindarus, Ulrich Binder) (†after 1531), 1517–1526 studied low in Wittenberg, 1527 was in Spain (when met Dantiscus) and Paris; since 1531 counsellor in Nürnberg; son of Ulrich Pinder (†1510-1519) physician, editor and printer, author of among the other Speculum passionis domini nostri Jhesu Christi and Speculum intellectuale felicitais humanae (ADB, vol. 26, p. 149–150)⌋, huius Nuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊urbisNuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ nostrae civis iureconsultus valde eruditus et nunc etiam valde podagricus, tui certe amantissimus, nam tuas ei litteras ostendi, quibus cum vehementer fuisset exhilaratus, rogavit, ut salutem tibi suo nomine ascriberem, quam diceret tibi manibus pedibusque, quamquam podagricis, salutem tamen, quantum ad te, nullo modo podagricam. Solet Ulrich Pinder Jr (Udalrichus Pindarus, Ulrich Binder) (†after 1531), 1517–1526 studied low in Wittenberg, 1527 was in Spain (when met Dantiscus) and Paris; since 1531 counsellor in Nürnberg; son of Ulrich Pinder (†1510-1519) physician, editor and printer, author of among the other Speculum passionis domini nostri Jhesu Christi and Speculum intellectuale felicitais humanae (ADB, vol. 26, p. 149–150)⌊isUlrich Pinder Jr (Udalrichus Pindarus, Ulrich Binder) (†after 1531), 1517–1526 studied low in Wittenberg, 1527 was in Spain (when met Dantiscus) and Paris; since 1531 counsellor in Nürnberg; son of Ulrich Pinder (†1510-1519) physician, editor and printer, author of among the other Speculum passionis domini nostri Jhesu Christi and Speculum intellectuale felicitais humanae (ADB, vol. 26, p. 149–150)⌋ enumerare quinque linguas, quas tu calleas, quibus loquaris. Multa praetermitto, quae cartam implerent et non ita multum ad rem facerent, sed ego tecum garrire volui, quod tu quidem in ista nunc amplitudine constitutus feres, quoties recordaberis iucundissimae olim nobis actae consuetudinis, quam quidem hac nunc utriusque nostrum aetate aequum est mutuam benevolentiam consequi. Nam officiis quidem ultro citroque missitandi munera tecum certare non possum, humanitate, benevolentia, addo etiam litterarum officio vinci me non patiar. Mea caro, mi patrone, maximas tibi gratias agit , Katharina Spater (†1543), since 1514 wife of Helius Eobanus Hessus, daughter of Erfurt burgher Heinrich Spater (WORSTBROCK 1, p. 1069)⌊CatharinaKatharina Spater (†1543), since 1514 wife of Helius Eobanus Hessus, daughter of Erfurt burgher Heinrich Spater (WORSTBROCK 1, p. 1069)⌋, pro catena, qua illam donasti, eamque circumfert et ostentat iis Noricis matronis ubiubi potest. Illae admirantur nobis e caesarea aula talia transmitti, atque ita tu facis, ut et nos aliquid esse existiment. Forte sic accidit ut, cum tuum munus afferretur, ipsa, cui ferebatur, esset in lecto puerperii, cum paucos ante dies Callimachus, son of Helius EOBANUS Hessus ⌊CallimachumCallimachus, son of Helius EOBANUS Hessus ⌋ mihi filiolum elegantem peperisset. Quae res, ut ipsam exhilaravit supra modum, ita mihi suscepta est loco felicissimi ominis.

Ex novis, quae scribebas, nihil sane placebat, nisi quod speramus Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ cunctationem non esse de nihilo alioqui; nisi sciret The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊TurcasThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ quieturos, quid tam securus in utramque dormit aurem? cf. Verg. A. 5.195 quamquam o! sed superent, quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti ⌊Quamquam o! — sed superent quibus hoc, Fortuna, dedist[i]cf. Verg. A. 5.195 quamquam o! sed superent, quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti ⌋.

Nobiscum nihil rerum quod scire tua referat admodum, hoc [est] quod audire delectet. Aedificamus tamen et mutamus quadrata rotundis muris, scilicet nos defensuri, si Dominus civitatem custodire noluerit.

Habes nunc et tu, mi Dantisce, epistolam non Ciceronianam, sed Noricam, id est confusam et barbaram. Quae enim sit istaec superstitio, laboriose et anxie electa verba quaerere ad amicum scribentem! Epistulas ego a ... quam coram loqui scribere non soleo. I nunc et excusa tuam in scribenda epistula negligentiam, optime Dantisce, cum habeas a me exemplum non solum non quaesitae elegantiae, sed paene etiam affecta[e] negligentiae.

Felicissime opto, ut valeas cum tuis omnibus. Rogo, ut salutes meo nomine, si forte adhuc tecum sunt, doctissimos viros dominum Cornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌊Cornelium ScheperumCornelis De Schepper (Cornelius Scepperus, Cornelis De Dobbele, Cornelius Duplicius) (*1503 – †1555), erudite, diplomat in the Habsburgs' service; close friend of Ioannes Dantiscus; initially in the service of Christian II of Oldenburg, King of Denmark; 1526 secretary and councillor to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg (CE, vol. 3, p. 218-220; DE VOCHT 1961, p. 15-24)⌋, qui Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaeAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ nobis suavissime congarriebat, dominum Georg von Logau (Georgius Logus) (*1495 – †1553), humanist, Silesian poet; in the period of 1527-1529 was staying in Cracow in company of his cousin Georg von Logschau (an imperial envoy); in 1530 took part in the Imperial diet in Augsburg and there met Ioannes Dantiscus; in 1537 took up a residence in Wrocław; 1525 secretary and councellor of archduke Ferdinand von Habsburg; 1537 parish priest of St. Cross' and canon of St. John's church in Wrocław⌊Georgium LogumGeorg von Logau (Georgius Logus) (*1495 – †1553), humanist, Silesian poet; in the period of 1527-1529 was staying in Cracow in company of his cousin Georg von Logschau (an imperial envoy); in 1530 took part in the Imperial diet in Augsburg and there met Ioannes Dantiscus; in 1537 took up a residence in Wrocław; 1525 secretary and councellor of archduke Ferdinand von Habsburg; 1537 parish priest of St. Cross' and canon of St. John's church in Wrocław⌋, qui dulcissima nobis carmina dulcissime recitabat, imprimis vero dominum Caspar Ursinus Velius (Caspar Bernhardi) (*1493 – †1539), humanist and poet, author of poems and chronicle of the wars of King Ferdinand against John Zápolya and the Ottoman Empire (De Bello hungarico, printed in 1762); friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Dantiscus; since 1509 servant of Gurk bishop Matthäus Lang; in 1527 became historian of King Ferdinand and in 1532 he was also appointed tutor of his children (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 56; CE, vol. 3, p. 356-357)⌊Casparem UrsinumCaspar Ursinus Velius (Caspar Bernhardi) (*1493 – †1539), humanist and poet, author of poems and chronicle of the wars of King Ferdinand against John Zápolya and the Ottoman Empire (De Bello hungarico, printed in 1762); friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Dantiscus; since 1509 servant of Gurk bishop Matthäus Lang; in 1527 became historian of King Ferdinand and in 1532 he was also appointed tutor of his children (DE VOCHT 1961, p. 56; CE, vol. 3, p. 356-357)⌋, cum quo paenitet non penitiorem me Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaeAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ contraxisse consuetudinem ac familiaritatem.

Te rogo, ut si quando per occupationes tuas tibi vacet, ad me scribas. Utinam Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ Nuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊NurenbergaeNuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ potius quam Brussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌊BruxellisBrussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌋ habitare voluisset, ut tua dulcissima praesentia nobis uti licuisset, vel saltem non recessisset in istum Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaeGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ angulum, ut propior nobis esses. Profecto te inviserem saepius et haererem diutius tibi, quam Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaeAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ feceram, unde nulla de causa properabam nimium, cuius rei post eam diem paenituit saepe. Iterum vale, vir summe, et me, sic ut facis, ama.

Nuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊Nurenberg[ae]Nuremberg (Nürnberg, Norimberga), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋, quarta Aprilis MDXXXI.

Tuae Reverendissimae Dominationi unice deditus Helius Eobanus Hessus (Eobanus Koch, Helius Coccius) (*1488 – †1540), neo Latin poet, humanist and writer, since 1509 secretary of bishop of Pomesania Hiob Dobeneck, lecturer of law at the University of Erfurt, 1526-1533 lecturer in the Nuremberg Gymnasium, 1530 visited Augsburg during the Imperial Diet, since 1536 professor of history at the University of Marburg; in 1512 attended the wedding of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Barbara Zápolya at Cracow (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 543-545; CE, vol. 1, p. 434-436)⌊Eobanus HessusHelius Eobanus Hessus (Eobanus Koch, Helius Coccius) (*1488 – †1540), neo Latin poet, humanist and writer, since 1509 secretary of bishop of Pomesania Hiob Dobeneck, lecturer of law at the University of Erfurt, 1526-1533 lecturer in the Nuremberg Gymnasium, 1530 visited Augsburg during the Imperial Diet, since 1536 professor of history at the University of Marburg; in 1512 attended the wedding of Sigismund I Jagiellon and Barbara Zápolya at Cracow (NDB, Bd. 4, s. 543-545; CE, vol. 1, p. 434-436)⌋