CIDT&C Corpus of Ioannes Dantiscus' Texts & Correspondence

Letter #2664

Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Vienna, 1543-10-11

received Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1544-03-12

Manuscript sources:

1	fair copy in Latin, autograph, UUB, H. 155, f. 74-75
2	register with excerpt in Latin, English, 20th-century, CBKUL, R.III, 30, No. 144

Auxiliary sources:

1	register in Polish, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8250 (TK 12), f. 62

Prints:

1	CEID 2/1 No. 37, p. 179-187 (in extenso; English register)

Text & apparatus & commentary Plain text Text & commentary Text & apparatus

Reverendissimo domino, domino Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioanni DantiscoIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ episcopo Varmiensi etc. domino, domino observandissimo

Reverendissime Domine Praesul, domine observandissime. Servitiorum meorum perpetuam commendationem.

cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1543-08-17, CIDTC IDL 2658⌊Litteraecf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1543-08-17, CIDTC IDL 2658⌋ Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis de XVII Augusti sunt mihi ante biduum praesentatae. Ex quibus magnam voluptatem accepi, maxime ex eo, cum Vestram Reverendissimam Dominationem pristinae saluti restitutam intellexi et gratiam Suam erga me pristinam continuat. De Gustav I Vasa (Gustav Ericsson) (*1496 – †1560), 1523-1560 King of Sweden; son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter ⌊Sueciae tyrannoGustav I Vasa (Gustav Ericsson) (*1496 – †1560), 1523-1560 King of Sweden; son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter ⌋ libenter intellexi. Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis mandatum cupidissime et fidelissime apud Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊serenissimum regem meumFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ exsequar[1]. Negotium Elisabeth of Austria (Elizabeth von Habsburg) (*1526 – †1545), Queen of Poland, Grand Duchess of Lithuania; first wife of Sigismund II August Jagiellon (1543-1545), daughter of Ferdinand I of Habsburg, and Anna Jagiellon⌊serenissimae reginae ElisabethaeElisabeth of Austria (Elizabeth von Habsburg) (*1526 – †1545), Queen of Poland, Grand Duchess of Lithuania; first wife of Sigismund II August Jagiellon (1543-1545), daughter of Ferdinand I of Habsburg, and Anna Jagiellon⌋[2] (quod puto esse totius regni negotium) Reverendissimae Dominationi Vestrae commendo. Patientiam omnes suadent et Vestra Reverendissima Dominatio hanc ut habeat oportet. Sed cf. Ter. An. 61 ⌊ne quid nimiscf. Ter. An. 61 ⌋ cf. Adagia No. 2863 ⌊Deus iustus ulcisceturcf. Adagia No. 2863 ⌋ forte in omnes, qui sunt causa invicii et perseverantiae, quique non monent, urgent etc. quorum tamen interest.

Et ut Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis mandato satisfaciam, perstringam breviter omnia, quae apud nos acta sunt. Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊Caesar TurcarumSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋[4] postquam Sava (Save, Száva), river originating from the Julian Alps, running through Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia, right-bank tributary of the Danube River, which it joins near Belgrade⌊SavumSava (Save, Száva), river originating from the Julian Alps, running through Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia, right-bank tributary of the Danube River, which it joins near Belgrade⌋ flumen attigit, obsidere fecit castrum Valpó (Valpovo)⌊ValpoValpó (Valpovo)⌋[5]. Quod tamen sui capere non potuerunt, usque ipse imperator met accederet. Iam tandem statim quassatis muris deditum est. Deinde strato ponte per Drava (Dráva), river originating in nothern Italy, flowing through south-eastern Austria (Klagenfurt Basin), eastern Slovenia and northern Croatia (Slavonia), a right-bank tributary of the Danube River, which it joins below the town of Osijek⌊DravumDrava (Dráva), river originating in nothern Italy, flowing through south-eastern Austria (Klagenfurt Basin), eastern Slovenia and northern Croatia (Slavonia), a right-bank tributary of the Danube River, which it joins below the town of Osijek⌋ flumen obsedit castrum Siklós, town and castle in southern Hungary, ca. 30 km S of Pécs⌊SocloschSiklós, town and castle in southern Hungary, ca. 30 km S of Pécs⌋[6] et hoc ipsum diu qua{s}tiens tormentis recepit. Ambo illa castra domini Péter Perényi (*1502 – †1548)⌊Petri PerineiPéter Perényi (*1502 – †1548)⌋[7] fuerunt.

Stanislav Škovránko (Várallyi) (†1548)⌊Episcopus QuinquecclesiensisStanislav Škovránko (Várallyi) (†1548)⌋ deserta Pécs (Fünfkirchen, Quinque Ecclesiae), town in southeastern Hungary, a bishopric from 1009, the seat of the first university in Hungary from 1367; under Turkish rule from 1543 to 1686⌊arce QuinquecclesiensiPécs (Fünfkirchen, Quinque Ecclesiae), town in southeastern Hungary, a bishopric from 1009, the seat of the first university in Hungary from 1367; under Turkish rule from 1543 to 1686⌋ et quidam nobiles sollicitarunt cives ad deserendam civitatem. Diffugientes postea spoliarunt atque ita hanc civitatem cum castro The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊TurcaeThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ ingressi iam possident[8]. Dum hic apud Savum et Deravum aguntur, non sine timore Australes[9] erant, cum ex omni parte nuntiabatur Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ versus properare. Morabatur aliquandiu inundatione aquarum. Cum tormenta et commeatum navibus veheret, venit Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋, deinde relicta arce Visegrád (Plintenburg), town 40 km north of Budapest, on the right bank of the Danube, with an upper and lower castle and a royal palace⌊VischegradVisegrád (Plintenburg), town 40 km north of Budapest, on the right bank of the Danube, with an upper and lower castle and a royal palace⌋[10], quam The Germans ⌊GermaniThe Germans ⌋ Plintnpurg appellant, ad Danube (Dunaj, Donau), river in central and eastern Europe⌊DanubiumDanube (Dunaj, Donau), river in central and eastern Europe⌋, ubi quondam corona regni servabatur, obsedit Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌊StrigoniumEsztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌋[11] et admotis machinis omnem ferme murum deiecit, fecitque insultum quattuor continuis horis et magno dedecore et damno suo repulsus[12]. Unde spes indubia posse ipsam conservare arcem. Erant in ea veterani milites ex Germanis, Hispanis et Italis quadringenti, de novis ferme totidem Germani et sexingenti Itali, qui toto anno illic in civitate magnis expensis intertenti sunt. Ex hiis quidam non admodum clam egressi in castra The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊TurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et certi reversi et iterum in castra hostium properantes. Sic factum, ut Italicus miles se amplius defendere nol<l>et. Postquam ad veteranos et novos delatum esset et illi non potuerunt sine aliis quicquam coacti in sententiam Italorum descendere, arx dedita est[13]. Dimissis militibus data erat fides, ut armis abirent, tamen in eo non est servata fides; coacti sunt relinquere sclopetos sive pyxides manuales. Recepti sunt in custodiam duo capitanei primi, dominus Martin LASCANO (Liscanus, de Lascano, Martinus Musica) ⌊Martinus LascanusMartin LASCANO (Liscanus, de Lascano, Martinus Musica) ⌋[14], qui iam diu arcem in commendatione habuit, Hispanus, et Ioannes Salamanca ⌊Ioannes SalamancaIoannes Salamanca ⌋[15] et ipse Hispanus, qui praefuit Italis, item certi Itali, qui sunt de proditione suspecti[16]. Alios dimisit Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊regia maiestasFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ abire. Heri coeptum est iudicium de capitaneis. Quis sequetur finis, cum tempore resciemus.

Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ iam aliquandiu ordinavit omnia ad Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌊StrigoniumEsztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌋. Deinde movit versus Székesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌊Albam RegalemSzékesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌋, ubi coronaban[tur] et condebantur reges Hungariae. In itinere erat arx Tatta, non admodum spernenda, etiam pulchra, in qua duo capitanei, alter Germanus, alter Italus, venerunt obviam victori offerentes claves[18]. Hi laqueo deinde suspensi. Hanc arcem demoliri fecit et venit ad Székesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌊AlbamSzékesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌋, cuius suburbium erat vallo et aggere munitum, praesidium erat ex Germanis, Italis, civibus et bubulcis quos heydocos[19] vocant. Item et Germani equites aliquot{t}, qui omnes se strenuissime et fidelissime defendebant, multos insultus repulerunt et iam ipsum Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊imperatoremSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ necesse erat praesentem interesse. Mane secunda die Septembris densissima nebula prohibebat aspectum et sic quasi furto ingressi omne vivens mactant. Portae civitatis clauduntur. Omnes potiores et primi capitanei, milites atque cives interempti, reliquiae in civitate desperant et quarta eiusdem mensis oppidum dedunt[20], dimissis militibus uti in Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌊StrigonioEsztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌋.

Erant circa Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ sancti Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌊pontificisPaul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌋ milites Itali 4000 et Germani aliquanto plus[21]. Expectabamus obsidionem[22]. At contentus hac victoria diu circa Székesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌊AlbamSzékesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌋ moratus. Interim venit regius exercitus Bohemicus, Moravicus et ex aliis principatibus suae maiestatis. Immo Bavari et Francones miserunt suos[23], ut profecto iustus cogeretur exercitus[24]. Descendit Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊regia maiestasFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ Pressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava, Posonium), city in southwestern Slovakia, on the Danube river⌊PosoniumPressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava, Posonium), city in southwestern Slovakia, on the Danube river⌋, ab uno latere habuit in castris Bohemos, Moravos, Slesitas et Lusacienses, ab alia parte Italicum et Germanicum militem strato quoque ponte apud Pressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava, Posonium), city in southwestern Slovakia, on the Danube river⌊PosoniumPressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava, Posonium), city in southwestern Slovakia, on the Danube river⌋. Interim Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ personaliter transii{s}t Danube (Dunaj, Donau), river in central and eastern Europe⌊DanubiumDanube (Dunaj, Donau), river in central and eastern Europe⌋ per pontem inter Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ et Pest, city in Hungary, on the left bank of Danube river, which divides Pest from Buda, in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊PeschtPest, city in Hungary, on the left bank of Danube river, which divides Pest from Buda, in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋, descenditque rediens et reliquit in agro Peschtiensi quadraginta milia suorum. Itaque attento tempore frigido et aliis quibus respectibus regia maiestas dimisit maiorem partem exercitus, certis tamen copiis pro tuendis finibus reservavit. Vishegrad arx adhuc hodie est in manibus serenissimi Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊regisFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ mei, sita inter Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ et Esztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌊StrigoniumEsztergom (Strigonium, Ostrzyhom, Gran), city in Hungary, on the Danube river, archiepiscopal see⌋. Hoc castrum refectum est et forti praesidio munitum, ita etiam Székesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌊AlbaSzékesfehérvár (Alba Regalis, Białogród Stołeczny, Stuhlweißenburg), city in central Hungary⌋. Serenissimus Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊rexFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ festinat et celebrabit conventus in omnibus regnis et principatibus pro futuri anni expeditione[28].

Turcica classis, cui praeest Hayreddin Barbarossa (Khair al-Din) (*ca. 1478 – †1546), famous pirate, from 1518 the service of the Ottomans; conqueror of Algiers (1519) and Tunis (1534); in 1535, after the attack of the imperial fleet under the command of Andrea Doria, he lost control of Tunis; in 1538 he occupied a number of Venetian islands in the Aegean and plundered Crete; in the same year the Ottoman fleet under his command defeated the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Preveza ; 1532 grand admiral of the Ottoman fleet (CE, vol. 2, p. 259-260)⌊BarbarossusHayreddin Barbarossa (Khair al-Din) (*ca. 1478 – †1546), famous pirate, from 1518 the service of the Ottomans; conqueror of Algiers (1519) and Tunis (1534); in 1535, after the attack of the imperial fleet under the command of Andrea Doria, he lost control of Tunis; in 1538 he occupied a number of Venetian islands in the Aegean and plundered Crete; in the same year the Ottoman fleet under his command defeated the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Preveza ; 1532 grand admiral of the Ottoman fleet (CE, vol. 2, p. 259-260)⌋, ad instantiam Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊GalliFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ venit in portum Toulon, town and port on the southeastern coast of France⌊TolonToulon, town and port on the southeastern coast of France⌋[38], non longe a Marseille (Massilia), city and port in southern France, on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea⌊MarsiliaMarseille (Massilia), city and port in southern France, on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea⌋, ubi etiam Henry II of Valois (Henry of France) (*1519 – †1559), 1519-1536 Duke of Orléans, 1536-1547 Duke of Brittany, 1547-1559 King of France; son of Francis I of Valois and Claude Duchess of Brittany⌊DelfinusHenry II of Valois (Henry of France) (*1519 – †1559), 1519-1536 Duke of Orléans, 1536-1547 Duke of Brittany, 1547-1559 King of France; son of Francis I of Valois and Claude Duchess of Brittany⌋[39] advenerat persolvens stipendium The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊TurcisThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋. Minabantur The Spaniards ⌊HispaniisThe Spaniards ⌋, tandem obsederunt Nice (Nizza, Nicaea), town and port on the southeastern coast of France, between Marseille and Genoa, from 1388 belonging to the counts and subsequently (from the 15th century) to the dukes of Savoy⌊NissamNice (Nizza, Nicaea), town and port on the southeastern coast of France, between Marseille and Genoa, from 1388 belonging to the counts and subsequently (from the 15th century) to the dukes of Savoy⌋[40], civitatem Charles III of Savoy (*1486 – †1553), 1504-1553 Duke of Savoy⌊ducis SabaudiaeCharles III of Savoy (*1486 – †1553), 1504-1553 Duke of Savoy⌋. Qua potitus tentavit arcem inaniter, acceptis omnibus Christianis in urbe et extra solvit obsidionem, incendit civitatem. Nam caesareus locumtenens in Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ et Alfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌊PedemonteAlfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌋[42] properabat in auxilium arcis obsessae. Adiunxerunt gentes suas sanctus Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌊pontifexPaul III (Alessandro Farnese) (*1468 – †1549), 1493 elevated to cardinal; 1524 Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia; 1534-1549 Pope⌋, Francesco III Gonzaga (*1533 – †1550), 1540-1550 Duke of Mantua⌊MantuanusFrancesco III Gonzaga (*1533 – †1550), 1540-1550 Duke of Mantua⌋, Ercole II d'Este (*1508 – †1559), Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio (1534-1559); eldest son of Alfonso I d'Este and Lucrezia Borgia, in 1528, he married Renée Valois, second daughter of Louis XII, King of France, and Anne of Brittany ⌊FerrariensisErcole II d'Este (*1508 – †1559), Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio (1534-1559); eldest son of Alfonso I d'Este and Lucrezia Borgia, in 1528, he married Renée Valois, second daughter of Louis XII, King of France, and Anne of Brittany ⌋, Florentini[43] et Ianuenses[44] nolentes hunc sibi vicinum. Nec alia su[nt], nisi ut servitia mea Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationi commendem.

Eur gnaden bit ich vmb ain pernstain oder als wir sprechn ain aigstain, obs gleich nur fragmenta sein, ist alles guett[45].

Datae Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaeVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, XI Octobris anno Domini 1543.

Eiusdem Vestrae Reverendissimae Dominationis obsequentissimus Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊Sigismundus liber baro in HerberstainSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋ etc., manu propria

[1 ] A reference to Dantiscus’ request from letter cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1543-08-17, CIDTC IDL 2658⌊IDL 2658cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1543-08-17, CIDTC IDL 2658⌋ that Herberstein excuse him to Ferdinand I for failing to comply with his orders and for not replying to his letter

[2 ] Elizabeth von Habsburg was persecuted by the mother of her husband and heir to the throne Sigismund II Augustus, queen Bona. Bona challenged her son’s marriage, which not only gave him an escape from her control but primarily gave him political independence in view of the approaching prospects for his becoming the ruler of Poland and Lithuania. The estates demanded that this take place even while Sigismund I was still alive, in view of his advanced age and poor health. Herberstein also informed Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern of Elizabeth’s situation, in his letter of December 6, 1543 (see cf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌊Voigtcf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌋, p. 287; cf. cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN Cracow, 1543-05-23, CIDTC IDL 2647⌊IDL 2647cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN Cracow, 1543-05-23, CIDTC IDL 2647⌋, footnote 3 cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1544-06-30, CIDTC IDL 2738⌊IDL 2738cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1544-06-30, CIDTC IDL 2738⌋, footnote 21)

[4 ] Herberstein also informed Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern about Suleiman I’s Hungarian campaign in greater detail, in his letter from Vienna dated December 4, 1543 (see cf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌊Voigtcf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌋, p. 286)

[5 ] Valpó seized by the Turks on June 23, 1543, it remained under their rule until 1687. The capture of Valpovo enabled the Turkish army to cross the Drava and seize Siklós (see cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 154; cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 251-252)

[6 ] The town was seized by the Turks on July 5, 1543, the castle surrendered three days later (cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 252-254, cf. cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 154, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 800, p. 34)

[7 ] Péter Perényi in the dispute between Ferdinand I and János I Zápolya over the Hungarian Crown changed sides several times. After 1526 he was a supporter of Zápolya, but sought an agreement with Ferdinand I. In 1537 he openly supported Zápolya, but in 1540 went over to Ferdinand I again, who made him a chancellor. In 1540-1541 he took part in the siege of Buda, and in 1542 - in the siege of Pest. He was also the chief commander of the Hungarian army. Imprisoned by Ferdinand I in 1542, he regained his freedom shortly before his death (cf. Fodor Pál, "Ottoman Policy Towards Hungary, 1520-1541", in: Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae XLV (2-3), 1991, p. 271-245 ⌊PÁLcf. Fodor Pál, "Ottoman Policy Towards Hungary, 1520-1541", in: Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae XLV (2-3), 1991, p. 271-245 ⌋, p. 320, footnote 154; cf. cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Esztergom, 1531-05-07, CIDTC IDL 621⌊IDL 621cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Esztergom, 1531-05-07, CIDTC IDL 621⌋, footnote 17)

[8 ] Pécs was prepared for defense, but the defection of the Walloon and Flemish merchants, among others, led the bishop of Pécs to surrender the town (July 29, 1543), cf. cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 254; cf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌊VOIGT 1857cf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌋, p. 286

[9 ] Australes - an adjective formed from the name Austria, to denote its residents

[10 ] The crown jewels of the Kingdom of Hungary were kept at the upper castle in Visegrád until 1526 (cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Esztergom, 1531-05-07, CIDTC IDL 621⌊IDL 621cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Esztergom, 1531-05-07, CIDTC IDL 621⌋, footnote 11; cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌊EFE 49cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌋, No. 453, p. 59-61)

[11 ] The siege of Esztergom by the Turkish army, with the participation of Suleiman I himself, was conducted from land and by the fleet that came along the Danube. It lasted from July 26 to August 8, 1543 (cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 254-257; cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 154-155; cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 798, p. 29, No. 800, p. 31, No. 801, p. 35-37, No. 803, p. 40-42, cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌊EFE 49cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌋, No. 453, p. 59; cf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌊VOIGT 1857cf. Johannes Voigt, "Briefwechsel des Freih. Sigismund von Herberstein mit dem Herzog Albrecht von Preußen", in: Archiv zur Kunde österreichische Geschichtes-Quellen vol. 17/2, Wien, 1857, p. 265-293 ⌋, p. 286)

[12 ] Probably a reference to the heavy Turkish attack of August 7, 1543, which Krzysztof Konarski describes in a letter to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern in late August (cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 803, p. 41, 44, cf. No. 807, p. 47-48, No. 808, p. 49)

[13 ] The act of capitulation agreed upon by the commanders of the Esztergom (Gran) defense was signed on August 10, 1543 (cf. footnote 19, 20; cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 808, p. 50-51)

[14 ] Herberstein also informed Jost Ludwig Decius about Martin Lascano being the commander of Esztergom’s (Gran’s) defense (see Decius’ letter of August 19, 1543 to Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern, cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌊EFE 49cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌋, No. 452, p. 57; cf. cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 255)

[15 ] According to Joseph Hammer-Purgstall, this was not Juan but Francisco Salamanca, the same man who accompanied Hieronim Łaski on his mission to Constantinople in 1541 (see cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 255; cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 138-141, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 801, p. 36-37)

[16 ] Suleiman I sent renegades to besieged Esztergom (Gran): a Spaniard, an Italian and a German, to persuade their compatriots to surrender (cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 256-256)

[18 ] The commander of the defense of Tata in 1543 was Annibale Tasso. Tata’s voluntary surrender took place on August 16 (cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 154, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 808, p. 49-50)

[19 ] Heydoci (Haiduci) - a name for lightly armed foot soldiers, from the Hungarian haidu - servant, guard, foot soldier (synonym of the Ger. Landsknecht)

[20 ] According to the report of Giovanni Marsupino from late July 1543, Székesfehérvár was defended by 4,000 Italians, 2,000 Germans and 1,000 Hungarian horsemen sent there by Ferdinand I. The Austro-Hungarian garrison of Székesfehérvár capitulated after a few attacks in early September. According to Jan Ocieski’s report, the Turks executed the commander of Székesfehérvár, Georg Varcocs (see cf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌊DZIUBIŃSKIcf. Andrzej Dziubiński, Stosunki dyplomatyczne polsko-tureckie w latach 1500-1572 w kontekście międzynarodowym, Wrocław, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, 2005 ⌋, p. 154-155, cf. cf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌊Hammer-Purgstall IIIcf. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Vom Regierungsantritte Suleiman des Ersten bis zum Tode Selim's II. 1520-1574, vol. III, Pest, 1828, series: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven ⌋, p. 259; cf. Gratae posteritati Sigismundus liber baro in Herberstein Neyperg et Guettenhag, primarius ducatus Carinthiae hereditariusque et camerarius … actiones suas a puero ad annum usque aetatis suae septuagesimum quartum brevi commentariolo notatas reliquit, Vienna, Raphael Hofhalter, 1560 ⌊HERBERSTEIN 1560cf. Gratae posteritati Sigismundus liber baro in Herberstein Neyperg et Guettenhag, primarius ducatus Carinthiae hereditariusque et camerarius … actiones suas a puero ad annum usque aetatis suae septuagesimum quartum brevi commentariolo notatas reliquit, Vienna, Raphael Hofhalter, 1560 ⌋, f. E2v; cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 800, p. 33, No. 808, p. 49)

[21 ] The reports of Giovanni Marsupino, Habsburg agent in Poland, say of 4,000 Italian soldiers sent by the pope and 8,000 German soldiers sent to Vienna by Ferdinand I (see cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 800, p. 33, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌊EFE 49cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌋, No. 452, p. 58)

[22 ] On June 27, 1543, Herberstein was appointed to Ferdinand I’s War Council. According to Krzysztof Konarski, with Leonard von Fels as the chief commander (see cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 800, p. 33) and Niklas II zu Salm (see letter cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1543-08-17, CIDTC IDL 2658⌊IDL 2658cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to [Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN] Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1543-08-17, CIDTC IDL 2658⌋, footnote 12), he also took part in the preparations for the defense of Vienna (see cf. Sigmund Herberstein, Sigmunds von Herberstein Selbstbiographie, ed. by Th. G. von Karajan, Wien, 1855, series: Fontes Rerum Austriacarum I Abteilung, Scriptores Band 1 ⌊HERBERSTEIN 1855cf. Sigmund Herberstein, Sigmunds von Herberstein Selbstbiographie, ed. by Th. G. von Karajan, Wien, 1855, series: Fontes Rerum Austriacarum I Abteilung, Scriptores Band 1 ⌋, p. 361-363; cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 800-801, p. 33, 35-36).

[23 ] Most likely a reference to the reinforcements sent by Bavarian dukes Wilhelm IV and Ludwig X, and also by Konrad von Bibra!!!, who used the title dux in Franconia (Ger. Franken), elected Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (1540-1544)

[24 ] According to Giovanni Marsupinoüs reports, Ferdinand I intended to gather 40,000 soldiers by about August 10 (see cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 800, p. 33)

[28 ] Herberstein is referring to the consultations held in 1543 with the Austrian, Czech and Moravian as well as Hungarian estates on increasing taxes to raise an army against the Turks, to which the Czech and Moravian estates did not consent at the time. The meetings in Pressburg did not bring the expected result, either. The army was sent home, and was supposed to gather again on St. George’s day (April 23/24) in 1544 (see cf. Paula Sutter Fichtner, Ferdinand I of Austria: The Politics of Dynasticism in the Age of Reformation, New York, 1982 ⌊Fichtnercf. Paula Sutter Fichtner, Ferdinand I of Austria: The Politics of Dynasticism in the Age of Reformation, New York, 1982 ⌋, p. 133, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 810, p. 53-54, cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌊EFE 49cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌋, No. 460, p. 69)

[29 ] In August 1543 Düren was besieged by the forces of Charles V, seized, plundered and burned on August 24 (cf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌊Knechtcf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌋, p. 487; cf. Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Charles V Elected Emperor and Hereditary Ruler, London, 1975 ⌊Fernández Álvarez 1975cf. Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Charles V Elected Emperor and Hereditary Ruler, London, 1975 ⌋, p. 128; cf. Vincent de Cadenas y Vincent, Diario del Emperador Carlos V (Itinerarios, permanencias, despacho, sucesos y efemérides relevantes de su vida), Madrid, Hidalguia, 1992 ⌊Cadenas y Vicentcf. Vincent de Cadenas y Vincent, Diario del Emperador Carlos V (Itinerarios, permanencias, despacho, sucesos y efemérides relevantes de su vida), Madrid, Hidalguia, 1992 ⌋, p. 302)

[30 ] The subject Caesar is missing a predicate

[31 ] After the death of Karl von Egmond, duke of Guelders, in 1538, Wilhelm V started a dispute over the succession to Guelders with Charles V. Francis I joined the conflict for his own political reasons, bringing about the marriage of his niece and Wilhelm, and supporting him militarily (cf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌊Knechtcf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌋, p. 486-487,cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551⌊IDL 2551cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1541-03-22, CIDTC IDL 2551⌋, footnote 25)

[32 ] The obeisance of Wilhelm, duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, before Charles V took place in Venló (in today’s province of Limburg) on September 7, and a peace treaty ending the war over Guelders was signed the next day (see cf. Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Charles V Elected Emperor and Hereditary Ruler, London, 1975 ⌊Fernández Álvarez 1975cf. Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Charles V Elected Emperor and Hereditary Ruler, London, 1975 ⌋, p. 128; cf. Vincent de Cadenas y Vincent, Diario del Emperador Carlos V (Itinerarios, permanencias, despacho, sucesos y efemérides relevantes de su vida), Madrid, Hidalguia, 1992 ⌊Cadenas y Vicentcf. Vincent de Cadenas y Vincent, Diario del Emperador Carlos V (Itinerarios, permanencias, despacho, sucesos y efemérides relevantes de su vida), Madrid, Hidalguia, 1992 ⌋, p. 303; cf. footnote 49)

[34 ] Under the treaty of Venó signed on September 8, 1543, ending the war over the succession to Guelders, duke Wilhelm V lost Guelders and the county of Zütphen to the emperor, who returned the Duchy of Jülich to the duke as a fiefdom while retaining rule over the towns of Sittard, Heinsberg, Ravenstein (cf. Paul Heidrich, Der Geldrische Erbfolgestreit 1537-1543, Kassel, 1896 ⌊HEIDRICH 1896cf. Paul Heidrich, Der Geldrische Erbfolgestreit 1537-1543, Kassel, 1896 ⌋, p. 107; cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 810, p. 53)

[35 ] On September 24, 1543 Charles V was in Diest, in Flemish Brabant whichbordered on Wallonia. In Diest, the Estates-General were debating a counteroffensive against France (cf. Vincent de Cadenas y Vincent, Diario del Emperador Carlos V (Itinerarios, permanencias, despacho, sucesos y efemérides relevantes de su vida), Madrid, Hidalguia, 1992 ⌊Cadenas y Vicentcf. Vincent de Cadenas y Vincent, Diario del Emperador Carlos V (Itinerarios, permanencias, despacho, sucesos y efemérides relevantes de su vida), Madrid, Hidalguia, 1992 ⌋, p. 304)

[36 ] Francis I occupied Luxembourg twice, first in September 1542 and then from September 12, 1543 to August 6, 1544 (cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌊EFE 37cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 37. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia VII pars H B A, B 2, 1543-47, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1976 ⌋, No. 810, p. 53, No. 817, p. 58; cf. letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1544-06-30, CIDTC IDL 2738⌊IDL 2738cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1544-06-30, CIDTC IDL 2738⌋, footnote 11)

[38 ] In early September 1543, Barbarossa forced upon Francis I maintenance of his fleet. Francis I gave him Toulon as its base (after the Christian inhabitatnts left the town) and till May 23 1544, it was a kind of Turkish colony (see cf. Ion Ursu, La politique orientale de François I-er, Paris, 1908 ⌊URSUcf. Ion Ursu, La politique orientale de François I-er, Paris, 1908 ⌋, p. 144-152; cf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌊Knechtcf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌋, p. 489, cf. cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌊EFE 49cf. Elementa ad fontium editiones 49. Documenta ex Archivo Regiomontano ad Poloniam spectantia XIX pars H B A, B 4, 1542-1548, ed. by Karolina Lanckorońska, Roma, 1980 ⌋, No. 452, p. 58)

[39 ] For more on his role during the Turkish attack on Nice see cf. Corpus Documental de Carlos V, vol. 2 (1539-1548), ed. by Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Salamanca, 1975 ⌊CDCV 2cf. Corpus Documental de Carlos V, vol. 2 (1539-1548), ed. by Manuel Fernández Álvarez, Salamanca, 1975 ⌋, No. 261, p. 161-162

[40 ] The Turks attacked Nice on August 6-7, 1543. After two weeks of bombardment the town surrendered on August 22. The fortress endured the siege till September 8, when the Turks withdrew (see cf. History of the German People at the Close of the Middle Ages, vol. 6, St. Louis, 1903 ⌊Janssen VIcf. History of the German People at the Close of the Middle Ages, vol. 6, St. Louis, 1903 ⌋, p. 235; cf. Ion Ursu, La politique orientale de François I-er, Paris, 1908 ⌊URSUcf. Ion Ursu, La politique orientale de François I-er, Paris, 1908 ⌋ 143-144; cf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌊Knechtcf. Robert Jean Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I, Cambridge, 1994 ⌋, p. 487-488)

[42 ] Alfonso d’Avalos in 1525 he took part in the battle of Pavia on Charles V’s side; commander general of the infantry in Italy (1525), in 1529 he conducted military operations in Apulia, in a bid to protect queen Bona’s estates; in 1535 he was the commander of an expedition to Tunis; in 1538 he became the governor of Milan and Piedmont and the commander general of the imperial forces in Italy; in 1544 he was defeated by the French forces at Ceresole. He was a correspondent of Dantiscus (cf. Alfred Kohler, Karl V. 1500-1558. Eine Biographie, München, 1999 ⌊KOHLER 1999cf. Alfred Kohler, Karl V. 1500-1558. Eine Biographie, München, 1999 ⌋, p. 193, 256, 280; cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 1, Poznań, PWN, 1949 ⌊Pociecha 1cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 1, Poznań, PWN, 1949 ⌋, 176; cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌊Pociecha 4cf. Władysław Pociecha, Królowa Bona (1494-1557). Czasy i ludzie Odrodzenia, vol. 4, Poznań, PWN, 1958 ⌋, 234; cf. Letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1544-06-30, CIDTC IDL 2738⌊IDL 2738cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1544-06-30, CIDTC IDL 2738⌋)

[43 ] A reference to the forces of Florence which was ruled by duke Cosimo I d’Medici (1519-1574) from 1537

[44 ] A reference to the forces of Genoa under Andrea Doria’s command (see letter cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1532-08-22, CIDTC IDL 819⌊IDL 819cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to Ioannes DANTISCUS Vienna, 1532-08-22, CIDTC IDL 819⌋, footnote 21; cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-08-29, CIDTC IDL 6280⌊IDL 6280cf. Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN to [Ioannes DANTISCUS?] Vienna, 1534-08-29, CIDTC IDL 6280⌋, footnote 11)